See luka in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"inherited"
],
"word": "luka"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*luka",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayic/luka"
],
[
"*luka",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/luka"
],
[
"*Nuka",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/Nuka"
],
[
"दुःख",
"दुःख#Sanskrit"
],
[
"duka",
"duka#Malay"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-mly-pro",
"3": "*luka",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayic *luka",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-mly-pro",
"3": "*luka"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Malayic *luka",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*luka"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *luka",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*Nuka"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *Nuka",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "False cognate"
},
"expansion": "False cognate",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "दुःख",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "दुःख"
},
"expansion": "False cognate of Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha)",
"name": "false cognate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Malayic *luka, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *luka, from Proto-Austronesian *Nuka. False cognate of Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha); not related to duka.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "لوک",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
},
{
"form": "luka-luka",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "luka²",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "لوک"
},
"expansion": "luka (Jawi spelling لوک, plural luka-luka or luka²)",
"name": "ms-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"lu",
"ka"
]
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"translation": "peN- + -an",
"word": "pelukaan [agentive"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"translation": "peN- + -an",
"word": "qualitative"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"translation": "peN- + -an",
"word": "instrumental"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"translation": "peN- + -an",
"word": "abstract"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"translation": "peN- + -an",
"word": "measure + resultative"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"translation": "peN- + -an",
"word": "locative"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"translation": "peN- + -an",
"word": "collective"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"translation": "peN- + -an",
"word": "variety"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"translation": "peN- + -an",
"word": "verbal noun"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"translation": "peN- + -an",
"word": "fruit]"
},
{
"alt": "ke-an",
"word": "kelukaan [abstract"
},
{
"alt": "ke-an",
"roman": "ke-an",
"word": "locative]"
},
{
"alt": "-kan",
"word": "lukakan [causative benefactive]"
},
{
"tags": [
"-i",
"locative"
],
"word": "lukai [causative benefactive]"
},
{
"english": "meN- + -kan",
"translation": "meN- + -kan",
"word": "melukakan [agent focus + causative benefactive]"
},
{
"english": "meN- + -i",
"tags": [
"locative"
],
"translation": "meN- + -i",
"word": "melukai [agent focus + causative benefactive]"
},
{
"english": "di- + -kan",
"translation": "di- + -kan",
"word": "dilukakan [patient focus + causative benefactive]"
},
{
"english": "di- + -i",
"tags": [
"locative"
],
"translation": "di- + -i",
"word": "dilukai [patient focus + causative benefactive]"
},
{
"alt": "teR-",
"word": "terluka [agentless action]"
},
{
"alt": "teR- + -kan",
"word": "terlukakan [agentless action + causative benefactive]"
},
{
"alt": "teR- + -i",
"tags": [
"locative"
],
"word": "terlukai [agentless action + causative benefactive]"
},
{
"alt": "beR-",
"word": "berluka [stative"
},
{
"alt": "beR-",
"roman": "beR-",
"word": "habitual]"
},
{
"english": "beR- + -an",
"translation": "beR- + -an",
"word": "berlukaan [stative"
},
{
"english": "beR- + -an",
"translation": "beR- + -an",
"word": "habitual + repetition"
},
{
"english": "beR- + -an",
"translation": "beR- + -an",
"word": "reciprocity]"
},
{
"alt": "redup + beR- + -an",
"word": "berluka-lukaan [reduplication + stative"
},
{
"alt": "redup + beR- + -an",
"word": "habitual + repetition"
},
{
"alt": "redup + beR- + -an",
"word": "reciprocity]"
},
{
"alt": "redup + beR-",
"word": "berluka-luka [reduplication + stative"
},
{
"alt": "redup + beR-",
"word": "habitual]"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wound"
],
"id": "en-luka-ms-noun-iTZKCnaZ",
"links": [
[
"wound",
"wound"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlukə/",
"note": "Southern Peninsular Malaysia Standard"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlu.kə]",
"note": "Southern Peninsular Malaysia Standard"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ukə"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ə"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈluka/",
"note": "Literary Standard"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlu.ka]",
"note": "Literary Standard"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uka"
},
{
"rhymes": "-a"
}
],
"word": "luka"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*luka",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayic/luka"
],
[
"*luka",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/luka"
],
[
"*Nuka",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/Nuka"
],
[
"दुःख",
"दुःख#Sanskrit"
],
[
"duka",
"duka#Malay"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-mly-pro",
"3": "*luka",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayic *luka",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-mly-pro",
"3": "*luka"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Malayic *luka",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*luka"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *luka",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*Nuka"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *Nuka",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "False cognate"
},
"expansion": "False cognate",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "दुःख",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "दुःख"
},
"expansion": "False cognate of Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha)",
"name": "false cognate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Malayic *luka, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *luka, from Proto-Austronesian *Nuka. False cognate of Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha); not related to duka.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "لوک",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
},
{
"form": "lebih luka",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "paling luka",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "لوک"
},
"expansion": "luka (Jawi spelling لوک, comparative lebih luka, superlative paling luka)",
"name": "ms-adj"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"lu",
"ka"
]
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "74 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wounded"
],
"id": "en-luka-ms-adj-zpbLDHkB",
"links": [
[
"wounded",
"wounded"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlukə/",
"note": "Southern Peninsular Malaysia Standard"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlu.kə]",
"note": "Southern Peninsular Malaysia Standard"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ukə"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ə"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈluka/",
"note": "Literary Standard"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlu.ka]",
"note": "Literary Standard"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uka"
},
{
"rhymes": "-a"
}
],
"word": "luka"
}
{
"categories": [
"Malay 2-syllable words",
"Malay adjectives",
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay nouns",
"Malay terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
"Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayic",
"Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Malay terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian",
"Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayic",
"Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Malay terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Malay/a",
"Rhymes:Malay/a/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Malay/uka",
"Rhymes:Malay/uka/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Malay/ukə",
"Rhymes:Malay/ukə/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Malay/ə",
"Rhymes:Malay/ə/2 syllables"
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"translation": "peN- + -an",
"word": "pelukaan [agentive"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"translation": "peN- + -an",
"word": "qualitative"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"translation": "peN- + -an",
"word": "instrumental"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"translation": "peN- + -an",
"word": "abstract"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"translation": "peN- + -an",
"word": "measure + resultative"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"translation": "peN- + -an",
"word": "locative"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"translation": "peN- + -an",
"word": "collective"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"translation": "peN- + -an",
"word": "variety"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"translation": "peN- + -an",
"word": "verbal noun"
},
{
"english": "peN- + -an",
"translation": "peN- + -an",
"word": "fruit]"
},
{
"alt": "ke-an",
"word": "kelukaan [abstract"
},
{
"alt": "ke-an",
"roman": "ke-an",
"word": "locative]"
},
{
"alt": "-kan",
"word": "lukakan [causative benefactive]"
},
{
"tags": [
"-i",
"locative"
],
"word": "lukai [causative benefactive]"
},
{
"english": "meN- + -kan",
"translation": "meN- + -kan",
"word": "melukakan [agent focus + causative benefactive]"
},
{
"english": "meN- + -i",
"tags": [
"locative"
],
"translation": "meN- + -i",
"word": "melukai [agent focus + causative benefactive]"
},
{
"english": "di- + -kan",
"translation": "di- + -kan",
"word": "dilukakan [patient focus + causative benefactive]"
},
{
"english": "di- + -i",
"tags": [
"locative"
],
"translation": "di- + -i",
"word": "dilukai [patient focus + causative benefactive]"
},
{
"alt": "teR-",
"word": "terluka [agentless action]"
},
{
"alt": "teR- + -kan",
"word": "terlukakan [agentless action + causative benefactive]"
},
{
"alt": "teR- + -i",
"tags": [
"locative"
],
"word": "terlukai [agentless action + causative benefactive]"
},
{
"alt": "beR-",
"word": "berluka [stative"
},
{
"alt": "beR-",
"roman": "beR-",
"word": "habitual]"
},
{
"english": "beR- + -an",
"translation": "beR- + -an",
"word": "berlukaan [stative"
},
{
"english": "beR- + -an",
"translation": "beR- + -an",
"word": "habitual + repetition"
},
{
"english": "beR- + -an",
"translation": "beR- + -an",
"word": "reciprocity]"
},
{
"alt": "redup + beR- + -an",
"word": "berluka-lukaan [reduplication + stative"
},
{
"alt": "redup + beR- + -an",
"word": "habitual + repetition"
},
{
"alt": "redup + beR- + -an",
"word": "reciprocity]"
},
{
"alt": "redup + beR-",
"word": "berluka-luka [reduplication + stative"
},
{
"alt": "redup + beR-",
"word": "habitual]"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Indonesian",
"lang_code": "id",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"inherited"
],
"word": "luka"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*luka",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayic/luka"
],
[
"*luka",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/luka"
],
[
"*Nuka",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/Nuka"
],
[
"दुःख",
"दुःख#Sanskrit"
],
[
"duka",
"duka#Malay"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-mly-pro",
"3": "*luka",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayic *luka",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-mly-pro",
"3": "*luka"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Malayic *luka",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*luka"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *luka",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*Nuka"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *Nuka",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "False cognate"
},
"expansion": "False cognate",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "दुःख",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "दुःख"
},
"expansion": "False cognate of Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha)",
"name": "false cognate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Malayic *luka, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *luka, from Proto-Austronesian *Nuka. False cognate of Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha); not related to duka.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "لوک",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
},
{
"form": "luka-luka",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "luka²",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "لوک"
},
"expansion": "luka (Jawi spelling لوک, plural luka-luka or luka²)",
"name": "ms-noun"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"lu",
"ka"
]
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"wound"
],
"links": [
[
"wound",
"wound"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlukə/",
"note": "Southern Peninsular Malaysia Standard"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlu.kə]",
"note": "Southern Peninsular Malaysia Standard"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ukə"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ə"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈluka/",
"note": "Literary Standard"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlu.ka]",
"note": "Literary Standard"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uka"
},
{
"rhymes": "-a"
}
],
"word": "luka"
}
{
"categories": [
"Malay 2-syllable words",
"Malay adjectives",
"Malay entries with incorrect language header",
"Malay lemmas",
"Malay nouns",
"Malay terms derived from Proto-Austronesian",
"Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayic",
"Malay terms derived from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Malay terms inherited from Proto-Austronesian",
"Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayic",
"Malay terms inherited from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian",
"Malay terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 16 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Rhymes:Malay/a",
"Rhymes:Malay/a/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Malay/uka",
"Rhymes:Malay/uka/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Malay/ukə",
"Rhymes:Malay/ukə/2 syllables",
"Rhymes:Malay/ə",
"Rhymes:Malay/ə/2 syllables"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*luka",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayic/luka"
],
[
"*luka",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Malayo-Polynesian/luka"
],
[
"*Nuka",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Austronesian/Nuka"
],
[
"दुःख",
"दुःख#Sanskrit"
],
[
"duka",
"duka#Malay"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-mly-pro",
"3": "*luka",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayic *luka",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-mly-pro",
"3": "*luka"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Malayic *luka",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "poz-pro",
"3": "*luka"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *luka",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ms",
"2": "map-pro",
"3": "*Nuka"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Austronesian *Nuka",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "False cognate"
},
"expansion": "False cognate",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "दुःख",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "दुःख"
},
"expansion": "False cognate of Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha)",
"name": "false cognate"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Proto-Malayic *luka, from Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *luka, from Proto-Austronesian *Nuka. False cognate of Sanskrit दुःख (duḥkha); not related to duka.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "لوک",
"tags": [
"Jawi"
]
},
{
"form": "lebih luka",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "paling luka",
"tags": [
"superlative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"j": "لوک"
},
"expansion": "luka (Jawi spelling لوک, comparative lebih luka, superlative paling luka)",
"name": "ms-adj"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"lu",
"ka"
]
}
],
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"wounded"
],
"links": [
[
"wounded",
"wounded"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlukə/",
"note": "Southern Peninsular Malaysia Standard"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlu.kə]",
"note": "Southern Peninsular Malaysia Standard"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ukə"
},
{
"rhymes": "-ə"
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈluka/",
"note": "Literary Standard"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈlu.ka]",
"note": "Literary Standard"
},
{
"rhymes": "-uka"
},
{
"rhymes": "-a"
}
],
"word": "luka"
}
Download raw JSONL data for luka meaning in Malay (8.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Malay dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.