"sveiks" meaning in Latvian

See sveiks in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: [svɛ̀jks]
Etymology: There are divergent hypotheses on the origin of this word. Some suggest a connection with Old Norse sveigr (“flexible, nimble”), from Proto-Indo-European *swey- (“to bend, to turn, to swing”); with an extra -ko-s, one obtains Proto-Baltic *swey-ka-s, whence sveiks, originally “flexible, agile, nimble,” later “healthy,” then “safe, unharmed.” Others link sveiks to the verb veikt (“to carry out; to accomplish”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyk- (“to bend; to weave; to turn, to swing”), whence also the adjective veikls (“nimble, deft, agile”): originally, sveiks might have come from a parallel form with an initial s-mobile, with its meaning changing from “agile” to “healthy”, “unharmed.” Others yet derive sveiks from Proto-Indo-European *su-ey-kas, from *su- (“good”) and *ey-, *h₁ey- (“to go”); the original meaning would then have been “one who goes, walks well,” whence “healthy” and then “unharmed.” Given early observations (in a 17th-century dictionary) that sveiks was used mostly near the Lithuanian border, there is the possibility that it was a Lithuanism which spread from the south toward the north. Its use as a greeting is quite recent: the first occurrences are attested in the 1870s (with the mention that vesels was more frequent in this use), and it did not become general until the 20th century. Cognates include Lithuanian sveĩkas. Etymology templates: {{cog|non|sveigr||flexible, nimble}} Old Norse sveigr (“flexible, nimble”), {{uder|lv|ine-pro|*swey-||to bend, to turn, to swing}} Proto-Indo-European *swey- (“to bend, to turn, to swing”), {{uder|lv|bat-pro|*swey-ka-s}} Proto-Baltic *swey-ka-s, {{m|lv|sveiks}} sveiks, {{m|lv|sveiks}} sveiks, {{m|lv|veikt||to carry out; to accomplish}} veikt (“to carry out; to accomplish”), {{cog|ine-pro|*weyk-||to bend; to weave; to turn, to swing}} Proto-Indo-European *weyk- (“to bend; to weave; to turn, to swing”), {{m|lv|veikls||nimble, deft, agile}} veikls (“nimble, deft, agile”), {{m|lv|sveiks}} sveiks, {{m|lv|sveiks}} sveiks, {{cog|ine-pro|*su-ey-kas}} Proto-Indo-European *su-ey-kas, {{m|ine-pro|*su-||good}} *su- (“good”), {{m|ine-pro|*ey-}} *ey-, {{m|ine-pro|*h₁ey-||to go}} *h₁ey- (“to go”), {{m|lv|sveiks}} sveiks, {{m|lv|vesels}} vesels, {{cog|lt|sveĩkas}} Lithuanian sveĩkas Head templates: {{head|lv|adjective|||definite|sveikais||sveikāks||vissveikākais|adverb|sveikā|cat2=|cat3=uncomparable adjectives}} sveiks (definite sveikais, adverb sveikā), {{lv-adj|sveik||-|adv=sveikā}} sveiks (definite sveikais, adverb sveikā) Inflection templates: {{lv-decl-adj|sveik|extrawidth=-100}} Forms: sveikais [definite], sveikā [adverb], no-table-tags [table-tags], sveiks [indefinite, masculine, nominative, singular], sveiki [indefinite, masculine, nominative, plural], sveika [feminine, indefinite, nominative, singular], sveikas [feminine, indefinite, nominative, plural], sveiku [accusative, indefinite, masculine, singular], sveikus [accusative, indefinite, masculine, plural], sveiku [accusative, feminine, indefinite, singular], sveikas [accusative, feminine, indefinite, plural], sveika [genitive, indefinite, masculine, singular], sveiku [genitive, indefinite, masculine, plural], sveikas [feminine, genitive, indefinite, singular], sveiku [feminine, genitive, indefinite, plural], sveikam [dative, indefinite, masculine, singular], sveikiem [dative, indefinite, masculine, plural], sveikai [dative, feminine, indefinite, singular], sveikām [dative, feminine, indefinite, plural], sveiku [indefinite, instrumental, masculine, singular], sveikiem [indefinite, instrumental, masculine, plural], sveiku [feminine, indefinite, instrumental, singular], sveikām [feminine, indefinite, instrumental, plural], sveikā [indefinite, locative, masculine, singular], sveikos [indefinite, locative, masculine, plural], sveikā [feminine, indefinite, locative, singular], sveikās [feminine, indefinite, locative, plural], - [indefinite, masculine, singular, vocative], - [indefinite, masculine, plural, vocative], - [feminine, indefinite, singular, vocative], - [feminine, indefinite, plural, vocative]
  1. (often sveiks un vesels) safe; unharmed despite adverse circumstances Categories (topical): Farewells
    Sense id: en-sveiks-lv-adj-S5KUpnJA Disambiguation of Farewells: 54 46 Categories (other): Latvian entries with incorrect language header, Latvian entries with topic categories using raw markup, Latvian etymologies from LEV, Latvian undefined derivations Disambiguation of Latvian entries with incorrect language header: 89 11 Disambiguation of Latvian entries with topic categories using raw markup: 82 18 Disambiguation of Latvian etymologies from LEV: 86 14 Disambiguation of Latvian undefined derivations: 90 10
  2. used as a greeting or leave-taking word, expressing good wishes; hello!; greetings!; goodbye! farewell! Categories (topical): Farewells, Greetings Synonyms (of "goodbye!"): uz redzēšanos! atā! [colloquial]
    Sense id: en-sveiks-lv-adj-ztUQXixk Disambiguation of Farewells: 54 46 Disambiguation of Greetings: 1 99 Categories (other): Latvian words with falling intonation Disambiguation of Latvian words with falling intonation: 34 66 Disambiguation of 'of "goodbye!"': 0 100
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: vesels Related terms: sveiciens, sveikas, sveikt, sveicināt

Inflected forms

Download JSON data for sveiks meaning in Latvian (11.2kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "sveigr",
        "3": "",
        "4": "flexible, nimble"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse sveigr (“flexible, nimble”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*swey-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to bend, to turn, to swing"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swey- (“to bend, to turn, to swing”)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bat-pro",
        "3": "*swey-ka-s"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Baltic *swey-ka-s",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "sveiks"
      },
      "expansion": "sveiks",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "sveiks"
      },
      "expansion": "sveiks",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "veikt",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to carry out; to accomplish"
      },
      "expansion": "veikt (“to carry out; to accomplish”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*weyk-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bend; to weave; to turn, to swing"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *weyk- (“to bend; to weave; to turn, to swing”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "veikls",
        "3": "",
        "4": "nimble, deft, agile"
      },
      "expansion": "veikls (“nimble, deft, agile”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "sveiks"
      },
      "expansion": "sveiks",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "sveiks"
      },
      "expansion": "sveiks",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*su-ey-kas"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *su-ey-kas",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*su-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "good"
      },
      "expansion": "*su- (“good”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*ey-"
      },
      "expansion": "*ey-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*h₁ey-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to go"
      },
      "expansion": "*h₁ey- (“to go”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "sveiks"
      },
      "expansion": "sveiks",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "vesels"
      },
      "expansion": "vesels",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "sveĩkas"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian sveĩkas",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "There are divergent hypotheses on the origin of this word. Some suggest a connection with Old Norse sveigr (“flexible, nimble”), from Proto-Indo-European *swey- (“to bend, to turn, to swing”); with an extra -ko-s, one obtains Proto-Baltic *swey-ka-s, whence sveiks, originally “flexible, agile, nimble,” later “healthy,” then “safe, unharmed.” Others link sveiks to the verb veikt (“to carry out; to accomplish”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyk- (“to bend; to weave; to turn, to swing”), whence also the adjective veikls (“nimble, deft, agile”): originally, sveiks might have come from a parallel form with an initial s-mobile, with its meaning changing from “agile” to “healthy”, “unharmed.” Others yet derive sveiks from Proto-Indo-European *su-ey-kas, from *su- (“good”) and *ey-, *h₁ey- (“to go”); the original meaning would then have been “one who goes, walks well,” whence “healthy” and then “unharmed.” Given early observations (in a 17th-century dictionary) that sveiks was used mostly near the Lithuanian border, there is the possibility that it was a Lithuanism which spread from the south toward the north. Its use as a greeting is quite recent: the first occurrences are attested in the 1870s (with the mention that vesels was more frequent in this use), and it did not become general until the 20th century. Cognates include Lithuanian sveĩkas.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sveikais",
      "tags": [
        "definite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveikā",
      "tags": [
        "adverb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lv-decl-adj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveiks",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveiki",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveika",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveikas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveiku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveikus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveiku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveikas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveika",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveiku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveikas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveiku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveikam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveikiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveikai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveikām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveiku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveikiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveiku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveikām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveikā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveikos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveikā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveikās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "10": "vissveikākais",
        "11": "adverb",
        "12": "sveikā",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "definite",
        "6": "sveikais",
        "7": "",
        "8": "sveikāks",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "uncomparable adjectives"
      },
      "expansion": "sveiks (definite sveikais, adverb sveikā)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sveik",
        "2": "",
        "3": "-",
        "adv": "sveikā"
      },
      "expansion": "sveiks (definite sveikais, adverb sveikā)",
      "name": "lv-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sveik",
        "extrawidth": "-100"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "sveiciens"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "sveikas"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "sveikt"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "sveicināt"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "89 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "82 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian entries with topic categories using raw markup",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "86 14",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "90 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian undefined derivations",
          "parents": [
            "Undefined derivations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "54 46",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "lv",
          "name": "Farewells",
          "orig": "lv:Farewells",
          "parents": [
            "Social acts",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "(may you) stay, live safe! (said when wishing someone well)",
          "text": "paliec, dzīvo sveiks!",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "all returned home safe and sound",
          "text": "visi sveiki un veseli pārnāca mājās",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "tas taču bija Kārlēns, kuru māte apraudāja par mirušu, un piepeši dzīvs, sveiks, šinī pusē! ― but that was Kārlēns, whose mother thought him dead, and suddenly (he was) alive, unharmed, on this side (= here)!",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Birkenbaums was always perfectly aware (of the fact) that he would go through life unharmed; when somewhere someone cut his hand,..., then the young man always heard (about) it with the knowledge that he would never have such troubles",
          "text": "Birkenbaums arvien cieti bija apzinājies, ka viņš sveiks izies caur dzīvi; kad kaut kur kāds bija sagriezis roku,..., tad puisis vienmēr to dzirdējis ar apziņu, ka viņu nekad nepiemeklēs šādas likstas",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "safe; unharmed despite adverse circumstances"
      ],
      "id": "en-sveiks-lv-adj-S5KUpnJA",
      "links": [
        [
          "sveiks",
          "sveiks#Latvian"
        ],
        [
          "un",
          "un#Latvian"
        ],
        [
          "vesels",
          "vesels#Latvian"
        ],
        [
          "safe",
          "safe"
        ],
        [
          "unharmed",
          "unharmed"
        ],
        [
          "despite",
          "despite"
        ],
        [
          "adverse",
          "adverse"
        ],
        [
          "circumstances",
          "circumstances"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(often sveiks un vesels) safe; unharmed despite adverse circumstances"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "34 66",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian words with falling intonation",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "54 46",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "lv",
          "name": "Farewells",
          "orig": "lv:Farewells",
          "parents": [
            "Social acts",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "1 99",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "lv",
          "name": "Greetings",
          "orig": "lv:Greetings",
          "parents": [
            "Social acts",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "hello, mum!",
          "text": "sveika, māt!",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "greetings, father Pakalns!",
          "text": "sveiks, Pakalnu tēv!",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "hello, New Year!",
          "text": "sveiks, Jaunais gads!",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "“good morning!” the person who was coming greeted him; “hello, neighbor!” Valdis replied",
          "text": "“labdien!” nācējs viņu sveicināja; “sveiki, kaimiņ!” atsaucās Valdis",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "“goodbye,” she said, quickly waving her hand to the boy in a farewell (gesture)",
          "text": "“sveiks,” viņa saka, ātri pagrūž zēnam roku atvadām",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used as a greeting or leave-taking word, expressing good wishes; hello!; greetings!; goodbye! farewell!"
      ],
      "id": "en-sveiks-lv-adj-ztUQXixk",
      "links": [
        [
          "use",
          "use#English"
        ],
        [
          "greeting",
          "greeting#English"
        ],
        [
          "leave-taking",
          "leave-taking#English"
        ],
        [
          "word",
          "word#English"
        ],
        [
          "express",
          "express#English"
        ],
        [
          "good",
          "good#English"
        ],
        [
          "wishes",
          "wishes#English"
        ],
        [
          "hello",
          "hello"
        ],
        [
          "greetings",
          "greetings"
        ],
        [
          "goodbye",
          "goodbye"
        ],
        [
          "farewell",
          "farewell"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "0 100",
          "sense": "of \"goodbye!\"",
          "tags": [
            "colloquial"
          ],
          "word": "uz redzēšanos! atā!"
        }
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[svɛ̀jks]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "vesels"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sveiks"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latvian adjectives",
    "Latvian adjectives with irregular adverbial forms",
    "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latvian entries with topic categories using raw markup",
    "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
    "Latvian lemmas",
    "Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic",
    "Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Latvian uncomparable adjectives",
    "Latvian undefined derivations",
    "Latvian words with falling intonation",
    "lv:Farewells",
    "lv:Greetings"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "non",
        "2": "sveigr",
        "3": "",
        "4": "flexible, nimble"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Norse sveigr (“flexible, nimble”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*swey-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to bend, to turn, to swing"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swey- (“to bend, to turn, to swing”)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bat-pro",
        "3": "*swey-ka-s"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Baltic *swey-ka-s",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "sveiks"
      },
      "expansion": "sveiks",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "sveiks"
      },
      "expansion": "sveiks",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "veikt",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to carry out; to accomplish"
      },
      "expansion": "veikt (“to carry out; to accomplish”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*weyk-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to bend; to weave; to turn, to swing"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *weyk- (“to bend; to weave; to turn, to swing”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "veikls",
        "3": "",
        "4": "nimble, deft, agile"
      },
      "expansion": "veikls (“nimble, deft, agile”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "sveiks"
      },
      "expansion": "sveiks",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "sveiks"
      },
      "expansion": "sveiks",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*su-ey-kas"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *su-ey-kas",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*su-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "good"
      },
      "expansion": "*su- (“good”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*ey-"
      },
      "expansion": "*ey-",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*h₁ey-",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to go"
      },
      "expansion": "*h₁ey- (“to go”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "sveiks"
      },
      "expansion": "sveiks",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "vesels"
      },
      "expansion": "vesels",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "sveĩkas"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian sveĩkas",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "There are divergent hypotheses on the origin of this word. Some suggest a connection with Old Norse sveigr (“flexible, nimble”), from Proto-Indo-European *swey- (“to bend, to turn, to swing”); with an extra -ko-s, one obtains Proto-Baltic *swey-ka-s, whence sveiks, originally “flexible, agile, nimble,” later “healthy,” then “safe, unharmed.” Others link sveiks to the verb veikt (“to carry out; to accomplish”), from Proto-Indo-European *weyk- (“to bend; to weave; to turn, to swing”), whence also the adjective veikls (“nimble, deft, agile”): originally, sveiks might have come from a parallel form with an initial s-mobile, with its meaning changing from “agile” to “healthy”, “unharmed.” Others yet derive sveiks from Proto-Indo-European *su-ey-kas, from *su- (“good”) and *ey-, *h₁ey- (“to go”); the original meaning would then have been “one who goes, walks well,” whence “healthy” and then “unharmed.” Given early observations (in a 17th-century dictionary) that sveiks was used mostly near the Lithuanian border, there is the possibility that it was a Lithuanism which spread from the south toward the north. Its use as a greeting is quite recent: the first occurrences are attested in the 1870s (with the mention that vesels was more frequent in this use), and it did not become general until the 20th century. Cognates include Lithuanian sveĩkas.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sveikais",
      "tags": [
        "definite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveikā",
      "tags": [
        "adverb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lv-decl-adj",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveiks",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveiki",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveika",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveikas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveiku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveikus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveiku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveikas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveika",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveiku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveikas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveiku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveikam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveikiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveikai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveikām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveiku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveikiem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveiku",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveikām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveikā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveikos",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveikā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sveikās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "indefinite",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "indefinite",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "10": "vissveikākais",
        "11": "adverb",
        "12": "sveikā",
        "2": "adjective",
        "3": "",
        "4": "",
        "5": "definite",
        "6": "sveikais",
        "7": "",
        "8": "sveikāks",
        "9": "",
        "cat2": "",
        "cat3": "uncomparable adjectives"
      },
      "expansion": "sveiks (definite sveikais, adverb sveikā)",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sveik",
        "2": "",
        "3": "-",
        "adv": "sveikā"
      },
      "expansion": "sveiks (definite sveikais, adverb sveikā)",
      "name": "lv-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sveik",
        "extrawidth": "-100"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "sveiciens"
    },
    {
      "word": "sveikas"
    },
    {
      "word": "sveikt"
    },
    {
      "word": "sveicināt"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "(may you) stay, live safe! (said when wishing someone well)",
          "text": "paliec, dzīvo sveiks!",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "all returned home safe and sound",
          "text": "visi sveiki un veseli pārnāca mājās",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "tas taču bija Kārlēns, kuru māte apraudāja par mirušu, un piepeši dzīvs, sveiks, šinī pusē! ― but that was Kārlēns, whose mother thought him dead, and suddenly (he was) alive, unharmed, on this side (= here)!",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "Birkenbaums was always perfectly aware (of the fact) that he would go through life unharmed; when somewhere someone cut his hand,..., then the young man always heard (about) it with the knowledge that he would never have such troubles",
          "text": "Birkenbaums arvien cieti bija apzinājies, ka viņš sveiks izies caur dzīvi; kad kaut kur kāds bija sagriezis roku,..., tad puisis vienmēr to dzirdējis ar apziņu, ka viņu nekad nepiemeklēs šādas likstas",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "safe; unharmed despite adverse circumstances"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sveiks",
          "sveiks#Latvian"
        ],
        [
          "un",
          "un#Latvian"
        ],
        [
          "vesels",
          "vesels#Latvian"
        ],
        [
          "safe",
          "safe"
        ],
        [
          "unharmed",
          "unharmed"
        ],
        [
          "despite",
          "despite"
        ],
        [
          "adverse",
          "adverse"
        ],
        [
          "circumstances",
          "circumstances"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(often sveiks un vesels) safe; unharmed despite adverse circumstances"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "hello, mum!",
          "text": "sveika, māt!",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "greetings, father Pakalns!",
          "text": "sveiks, Pakalnu tēv!",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "hello, New Year!",
          "text": "sveiks, Jaunais gads!",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "“good morning!” the person who was coming greeted him; “hello, neighbor!” Valdis replied",
          "text": "“labdien!” nācējs viņu sveicināja; “sveiki, kaimiņ!” atsaucās Valdis",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "“goodbye,” she said, quickly waving her hand to the boy in a farewell (gesture)",
          "text": "“sveiks,” viņa saka, ātri pagrūž zēnam roku atvadām",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "used as a greeting or leave-taking word, expressing good wishes; hello!; greetings!; goodbye! farewell!"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "use",
          "use#English"
        ],
        [
          "greeting",
          "greeting#English"
        ],
        [
          "leave-taking",
          "leave-taking#English"
        ],
        [
          "word",
          "word#English"
        ],
        [
          "express",
          "express#English"
        ],
        [
          "good",
          "good#English"
        ],
        [
          "wishes",
          "wishes#English"
        ],
        [
          "hello",
          "hello"
        ],
        [
          "greetings",
          "greetings"
        ],
        [
          "goodbye",
          "goodbye"
        ],
        [
          "farewell",
          "farewell"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[svɛ̀jks]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "vesels"
    },
    {
      "sense": "of \"goodbye!\"",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial"
      ],
      "word": "uz redzēšanos! atā!"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sveiks"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latvian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.