See stunda in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for stunda meaning in Latvian (7.2kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "policijas stunda"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "komandanta stunda"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "gml",
"3": "stunde",
"4": "",
"5": "hour"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German stunde (“hour”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "osx",
"3": "stunda"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon stunda",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stundu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stundu",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stundō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stundō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "got",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Gothic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "non",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "stunda"
},
"expansion": "stunda",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A borrowing, traditionally described as from Middle Low German stunde (“hour”), from Old Saxon stunda, from Proto-West Germanic *stundu, from Proto-Germanic *stundō, since this form is found in the earliest attestations.\nBut some authors argue that these early attestations are found only in some dialects, and that later competing forms (stunds, stunda) might correspond to earlier competing variants, which suggests that this word already existed in Latvian prior to Middle Low German influence. This would mean that it was previously borrowed from another Germanic language (possibly Gothic, or maybe Old High German or Old Norse). The current form stunda became stabilised at the beginning of the 18th century.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "declension-4",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "4th declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "stunda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stundas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stundu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stundas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stundas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stundu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stundai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stundām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stundu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stundām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stundā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stundās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stunda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "stundas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "stunda f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "4th"
},
"expansion": "stunda f (4th declension)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stund",
"2": "a",
"3": "4th"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stund",
"2": "a",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "",
"x": "0"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-4"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stunda",
"10": "stundām",
"11": "stundā",
"12": "stundās",
"13": "stunda",
"14": "stundas",
"16": "",
"2": "stundas",
"3": "stundu",
"4": "stundas",
"5": "stundas",
"6": "stundu",
"7": "stundai",
"8": "stundām",
"9": "stundu",
"type": "4th declension",
"x": "0"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mācība"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "minūte"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "sekunde"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 10 46",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "Time",
"orig": "lv:Time",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to wait for a whole hour",
"text": "gaidīt veselu stundu",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to be late by an hour",
"text": "nokavēties par stundu",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a quarter of an hour",
"text": "stundas ceturksnis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a seven-hour workday",
"text": "septiņu stundu darba diena",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hour (a time period of 60 minutes)"
],
"id": "en-stunda-lv-noun-raa44hGT",
"links": [
[
"hour",
"hour"
],
[
"time",
"time#English"
],
[
"period",
"period#English"
],
[
"minute",
"minute#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-4",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "morning hour",
"text": "rīta stunda",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "quiet hour (e.g., at a hospital)",
"text": "klusā stunda",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "curfew (literally: commandant's, police hour)",
"text": "policijas, komandantas stunda",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "where are you going at this late hour?",
"text": "kurp iesi tik agrā stundā?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "his hour has come (= he will die)",
"text": "viņa stunda ir situsi",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hour (relatively short period in a day, often associated with an event, activity, or situation)"
],
"id": "en-stunda-lv-noun-oH4sHnvZ",
"links": [
[
"hour",
"hour"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-4",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "24 1 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 3 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 3 76",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "44 10 46",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "Time",
"orig": "lv:Time",
"parents": [
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 4 72",
"kind": "topical",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "Units of measure",
"orig": "lv:Units of measure",
"parents": [
"Metrology",
"Quantity",
"Applied sciences",
"Mathematics",
"Sciences",
"Formal sciences",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "math lesson, class",
"text": "matemātikas stunda",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "at what time do classes start at school?",
"text": "cikos skolā sākas stundas?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to prepare a lesson",
"text": "(sa)gatavot stundu",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to keep (someone) after class",
"text": "atstāt pēc stundām",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to take lessons",
"text": "ņemt stundas",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lesson (period of time in which a class takes place, especially at an educational institution)"
],
"id": "en-stunda-lv-noun-0KTOn4EQ",
"links": [
[
"lesson",
"lesson"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-4",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "stunda"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"Latvian feminine nouns",
"Latvian fourth declension nouns",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian nouns",
"Latvian terms derived from Gothic",
"Latvian terms derived from Middle Low German",
"Latvian terms derived from Old High German",
"Latvian terms derived from Old Norse",
"Latvian terms derived from Old Saxon",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-West Germanic",
"Requests for audio pronunciation in Latvian entries",
"lv:Time",
"lv:Units of measure"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "policijas stunda"
},
{
"word": "komandanta stunda"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "gml",
"3": "stunde",
"4": "",
"5": "hour"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German stunde (“hour”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "osx",
"3": "stunda"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon stunda",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "gmw-pro",
"3": "*stundu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *stundu",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*stundō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *stundō",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "got",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Gothic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "goh",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "non",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "stunda"
},
"expansion": "stunda",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "A borrowing, traditionally described as from Middle Low German stunde (“hour”), from Old Saxon stunda, from Proto-West Germanic *stundu, from Proto-Germanic *stundō, since this form is found in the earliest attestations.\nBut some authors argue that these early attestations are found only in some dialects, and that later competing forms (stunds, stunda) might correspond to earlier competing variants, which suggests that this word already existed in Latvian prior to Middle Low German influence. This would mean that it was previously borrowed from another Germanic language (possibly Gothic, or maybe Old High German or Old Norse). The current form stunda became stabilised at the beginning of the 18th century.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "declension-4",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "4th declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "stunda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stundas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stundu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stundas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stundas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stundu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stundai",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stundām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stundu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stundām",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stundā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stundās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stunda",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "stundas",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "stunda f",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "f",
"2": "4th"
},
"expansion": "stunda f (4th declension)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stund",
"2": "a",
"3": "4th"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stund",
"2": "a",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "",
"x": "0"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-4"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "stunda",
"10": "stundām",
"11": "stundā",
"12": "stundās",
"13": "stunda",
"14": "stundas",
"16": "",
"2": "stundas",
"3": "stundu",
"4": "stundas",
"5": "stundas",
"6": "stundu",
"7": "stundai",
"8": "stundām",
"9": "stundu",
"type": "4th declension",
"x": "0"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "mācība"
},
{
"word": "minūte"
},
{
"word": "sekunde"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "to wait for a whole hour",
"text": "gaidīt veselu stundu",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to be late by an hour",
"text": "nokavēties par stundu",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a quarter of an hour",
"text": "stundas ceturksnis",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "a seven-hour workday",
"text": "septiņu stundu darba diena",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hour (a time period of 60 minutes)"
],
"links": [
[
"hour",
"hour"
],
[
"time",
"time#English"
],
[
"period",
"period#English"
],
[
"minute",
"minute#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-4",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "morning hour",
"text": "rīta stunda",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "quiet hour (e.g., at a hospital)",
"text": "klusā stunda",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "curfew (literally: commandant's, police hour)",
"text": "policijas, komandantas stunda",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "where are you going at this late hour?",
"text": "kurp iesi tik agrā stundā?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "his hour has come (= he will die)",
"text": "viņa stunda ir situsi",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hour (relatively short period in a day, often associated with an event, activity, or situation)"
],
"links": [
[
"hour",
"hour"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-4",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "math lesson, class",
"text": "matemātikas stunda",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "at what time do classes start at school?",
"text": "cikos skolā sākas stundas?",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to prepare a lesson",
"text": "(sa)gatavot stundu",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to keep (someone) after class",
"text": "atstāt pēc stundām",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to take lessons",
"text": "ņemt stundas",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lesson (period of time in which a class takes place, especially at an educational institution)"
],
"links": [
[
"lesson",
"lesson"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-4",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"word": "stunda"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latvian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (93a6c53 and 21a9316). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.