See pērn in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"4": "",
"5": "over"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per- (“over”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*sénos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sénos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "*pernas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic *pernas",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "*perns",
"3": "*per̃ns"
},
"expansion": "Latvian *per̃ns",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*en-",
"4": "",
"5": "year"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *en- (“year”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "лани",
"3": "",
"4": "last year"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic лани (lani, “last year”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ol-ni"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *ol-ni",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "pérnai"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian pérnai",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍃",
"3": "",
"4": "recent past (thing), past year (thing)"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍃 (fairns, “recent past (thing), past year (thing)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "firni",
"3": "",
"4": "old"
},
"expansion": "Old High German firni (“old”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "forn",
"3": "",
"4": "ancient"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic forn (“ancient”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "परुत्",
"3": "",
"4": "last year",
"tr": "parút"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit परुत् (parút, “last year”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πέρυσι"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πέρυσι (pérusi)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "para-",
"3": "",
"4": "past, far; last year"
},
"expansion": "Irish para- (“past, far; last year”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "پار",
"tr": "pâr"
},
"expansion": "Persian پار (pâr)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "фарон"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian фарон (faron)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "An old compound, with as first part Proto-Indo-European *per- (“over”), and the second part a different term in different Indo-European languages (in Ancient Greek and Sanskrit, the second term was probably *ut- < *wet- (“year”), i.e., *per-ut(i)-). In the Baltic case, it is possible that the second element was Proto-Indo-European *sénos: *per-sénos > per-enos > Proto-Baltic *pernas > Latvian *per̃ns > pērns, of which pērn would be the adverbial form (cf. archaic pērni). Another possibility is that the second element was a reflex of Proto-Indo-European *en- (“year”) (cf. Old Church Slavonic лани (lani, “last year”), from Proto-Slavic *ol-ni, from the zero grade of *en-). Cognates include Lithuanian pérnai, Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍃 (fairns, “recent past (thing), past year (thing)”), Old High German firni (“old”), Icelandic forn (“ancient”), Sanskrit परुत् (parút, “last year”), Ancient Greek πέρυσι (pérusi), Irish para- (“past, far; last year”), Persian پار (pâr), Ossetian фарон (faron).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "adverb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "pērn",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pērn",
"name": "lv-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian links with redundant target parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant target parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian undefined derivations",
"parents": [
"Undefined derivations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with level intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "aizpērn"
},
{
"word": "aizpērns"
},
{
"word": "aizpērnais"
},
{
"word": "aizpērnējs"
},
{
"word": "aizpērngad"
},
{
"word": "pērnējs"
},
{
"word": "pērngad"
},
{
"word": "pērngada"
},
{
"word": "pērns"
},
{
"word": "pērnais"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "this happened last year",
"text": "tas notika pērn",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "this is a first-year forest! last year we sowed",
"text": "šis ir pirmā gada mežs! pērn iesējām",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "we became acquainted, or, better said, we ran into each other last year, late October, at the end of the rainy days",
"text": "mēs iepazināmies vai, pareizāk sakot, sastapāmies pērn, oktobra beigās, lietainas dienas nogalē",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "he lived like a bird at the end of a branch: this year here, in Mežmaļi, last year in Likstas, god knows where next year",
"text": "viņš dzīvo kā putns zara galā: šogad te, Mežmaļos, pērn Likstās, nezin kur nākošu gadu",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"last year"
],
"id": "en-pērn-lv-adv-J5O0kYXj",
"links": [
[
"last",
"last"
],
[
"year",
"year"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "archaic form",
"word": "pērni"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[pǣːɾn]"
}
],
"word": "pērn"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "aizpērn"
},
{
"word": "aizpērns"
},
{
"word": "aizpērnais"
},
{
"word": "aizpērnējs"
},
{
"word": "aizpērngad"
},
{
"word": "pērnējs"
},
{
"word": "pērngad"
},
{
"word": "pērngada"
},
{
"word": "pērns"
},
{
"word": "pērnais"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*per-",
"4": "",
"5": "over"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *per- (“over”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*sénos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sénos",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "*pernas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic *pernas",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "*perns",
"3": "*per̃ns"
},
"expansion": "Latvian *per̃ns",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*en-",
"4": "",
"5": "year"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *en- (“year”)",
"name": "uder"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "лани",
"3": "",
"4": "last year"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic лани (lani, “last year”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*ol-ni"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *ol-ni",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "pérnai"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian pérnai",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍃",
"3": "",
"4": "recent past (thing), past year (thing)"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍃 (fairns, “recent past (thing), past year (thing)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "firni",
"3": "",
"4": "old"
},
"expansion": "Old High German firni (“old”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "forn",
"3": "",
"4": "ancient"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic forn (“ancient”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "परुत्",
"3": "",
"4": "last year",
"tr": "parút"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit परुत् (parút, “last year”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "πέρυσι"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek πέρυσι (pérusi)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "para-",
"3": "",
"4": "past, far; last year"
},
"expansion": "Irish para- (“past, far; last year”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "پار",
"tr": "pâr"
},
"expansion": "Persian پار (pâr)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "фарон"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian фарон (faron)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "An old compound, with as first part Proto-Indo-European *per- (“over”), and the second part a different term in different Indo-European languages (in Ancient Greek and Sanskrit, the second term was probably *ut- < *wet- (“year”), i.e., *per-ut(i)-). In the Baltic case, it is possible that the second element was Proto-Indo-European *sénos: *per-sénos > per-enos > Proto-Baltic *pernas > Latvian *per̃ns > pērns, of which pērn would be the adverbial form (cf. archaic pērni). Another possibility is that the second element was a reflex of Proto-Indo-European *en- (“year”) (cf. Old Church Slavonic лани (lani, “last year”), from Proto-Slavic *ol-ni, from the zero grade of *en-). Cognates include Lithuanian pérnai, Gothic 𐍆𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍃 (fairns, “recent past (thing), past year (thing)”), Old High German firni (“old”), Icelandic forn (“ancient”), Sanskrit परुत् (parút, “last year”), Ancient Greek πέρυσι (pérusi), Irish para- (“past, far; last year”), Persian پار (pâr), Ossetian фарон (faron).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "adverb",
"head": ""
},
"expansion": "pērn",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pērn",
"name": "lv-adv"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "adv",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian adverbs",
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian links with redundant target parameters",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latvian terms with usage examples",
"Latvian time adverbs",
"Latvian undefined derivations",
"Latvian words with level intonation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "this happened last year",
"text": "tas notika pērn",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "this is a first-year forest! last year we sowed",
"text": "šis ir pirmā gada mežs! pērn iesējām",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "we became acquainted, or, better said, we ran into each other last year, late October, at the end of the rainy days",
"text": "mēs iepazināmies vai, pareizāk sakot, sastapāmies pērn, oktobra beigās, lietainas dienas nogalē",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "he lived like a bird at the end of a branch: this year here, in Mežmaļi, last year in Likstas, god knows where next year",
"text": "viņš dzīvo kā putns zara galā: šogad te, Mežmaļos, pērn Likstās, nezin kur nākošu gadu",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"last year"
],
"links": [
[
"last",
"last"
],
[
"year",
"year"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[pǣːɾn]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "archaic form",
"word": "pērni"
}
],
"word": "pērn"
}
Download raw JSONL data for pērn meaning in Latvian (5.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latvian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.