"menca" meaning in Latvian

See menca in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [mǣntsa] Audio: lv-riga-menca.ogg
Etymology: From Proto-Baltic *menkyā-, from Proto-Indo-European *menk- (“to knead, to crush”) (> “to weaken, to make small, low-valued”); the full en remained in Kurzeme dialects (compare, from the same stem, mīksts (“soft”), mīcīt (“to knead”), where en > ī), from which it spread to other dialects. The semantic development suggests that this fish was seen as unimportant or low-valued. Cognates include Lithuanian ménkė, dialectal menkia; the same stem is also found in Lithuanian meñkas (“minor, small, unimportant, weak”). Etymology templates: {{uder|lv|bat-pro|*menkyā-}} Proto-Baltic *menkyā-, {{uder|lv|ine-pro|*menk-||to knead, to crush}} Proto-Indo-European *menk- (“to knead, to crush”), {{cog|lt|ménkė}} Lithuanian ménkė, {{cog|lt|meñkas||minor, small, unimportant, weak}} Lithuanian meñkas (“minor, small, unimportant, weak”) Head templates: {{head|lv|noun|g=f|g2=|head=|sort=}} menca f, {{lv-noun|f|4th}} menca f (4th declension) Inflection templates: {{lv-decl-noun|menc|a|4th}}, {{lv-decl-noun-4|menc|a|4=|5=|6=|7=|8=|drop-v=|keep-s=|x=0}}, {{lv-decl-noun-table|menca|mencas|mencu|mencas|mencas|mencu|mencai|mencām|mencu|mencām|mencā|mencās|menca|mencas|16=|type=4th declension|x=0}} Forms: declension-4 [table-tags], menca [nominative, singular], mencas [nominative, plural], mencas [genitive, singular], mencu [genitive, plural], mencai [dative, singular], mencām [dative, plural], mencu [accusative, singular], mencas [accusative, plural], mencu [instrumental, singular], mencām [instrumental, plural], mencā [locative, singular], mencās [locative, plural], menca [singular, vocative], mencas [plural, vocative]
  1. cod, codfish (sea fish, family Gadidae) Tags: declension-4, feminine Categories (lifeform): Fish
    Sense id: en-menca-lv-noun-9jpY~2py Categories (other): Latvian entries with incorrect language header, Latvian etymologies from LEV, Latvian undefined derivations, Latvian words with level intonation, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries

Inflected forms

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bat-pro",
        "3": "*menkyā-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Baltic *menkyā-",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*menk-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to knead, to crush"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *menk- (“to knead, to crush”)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "ménkė"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian ménkė",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "meñkas",
        "3": "",
        "4": "minor, small, unimportant, weak"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian meñkas (“minor, small, unimportant, weak”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Baltic *menkyā-, from Proto-Indo-European *menk- (“to knead, to crush”) (> “to weaken, to make small, low-valued”); the full en remained in Kurzeme dialects (compare, from the same stem, mīksts (“soft”), mīcīt (“to knead”), where en > ī), from which it spread to other dialects. The semantic development suggests that this fish was seen as unimportant or low-valued. Cognates include Lithuanian ménkė, dialectal menkia; the same stem is also found in Lithuanian meñkas (“minor, small, unimportant, weak”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "declension-4",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lv-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "4th declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "menca",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mencas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mencas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mencu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mencai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mencām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mencu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mencas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mencu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mencām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mencā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mencās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "menca",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mencas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "menca f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "4th"
      },
      "expansion": "menca f (4th declension)",
      "name": "lv-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "menc",
        "2": "a",
        "3": "4th"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "menc",
        "2": "a",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "drop-v": "",
        "keep-s": "",
        "x": "0"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-4"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "menca",
        "10": "mencām",
        "11": "mencā",
        "12": "mencās",
        "13": "menca",
        "14": "mencas",
        "16": "",
        "2": "mencas",
        "3": "mencu",
        "4": "mencas",
        "5": "mencas",
        "6": "mencu",
        "7": "mencai",
        "8": "mencām",
        "9": "mencu",
        "type": "4th declension",
        "x": "0"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian undefined derivations",
          "parents": [
            "Undefined derivations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian words with level intonation",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "lifeform",
          "langcode": "lv",
          "name": "Fish",
          "orig": "lv:Fish",
          "parents": [
            "Vertebrates",
            "Chordates",
            "Animals",
            "Lifeforms",
            "All topics",
            "Life",
            "Fundamental",
            "Nature"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Atlantic cod",
          "text": "Atlantijas menca",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "cod species (plural)",
          "text": "mencu sugas",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "cod fishing",
          "text": "mencu zveja",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "cod filet",
          "text": "mencu fileja",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "smoked cod",
          "text": "kūpināta menca",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "codfish in oil",
          "text": "menca eļļā",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cod, codfish (sea fish, family Gadidae)"
      ],
      "id": "en-menca-lv-noun-9jpY~2py",
      "links": [
        [
          "cod",
          "cod"
        ],
        [
          "codfish",
          "codfish"
        ],
        [
          "Gadidae",
          "Gadidae#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-4",
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[mǣntsa]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "lv-riga-menca.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/Lv-riga-menca.ogg/Lv-riga-menca.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Lv-riga-menca.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "menca"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bat-pro",
        "3": "*menkyā-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Baltic *menkyā-",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*menk-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to knead, to crush"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *menk- (“to knead, to crush”)",
      "name": "uder"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "ménkė"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian ménkė",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "meñkas",
        "3": "",
        "4": "minor, small, unimportant, weak"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian meñkas (“minor, small, unimportant, weak”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Baltic *menkyā-, from Proto-Indo-European *menk- (“to knead, to crush”) (> “to weaken, to make small, low-valued”); the full en remained in Kurzeme dialects (compare, from the same stem, mīksts (“soft”), mīcīt (“to knead”), where en > ī), from which it spread to other dialects. The semantic development suggests that this fish was seen as unimportant or low-valued. Cognates include Lithuanian ménkė, dialectal menkia; the same stem is also found in Lithuanian meñkas (“minor, small, unimportant, weak”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "declension-4",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lv-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "4th declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "menca",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mencas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mencas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mencu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mencai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mencām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mencu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mencas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mencu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mencām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mencā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mencās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "menca",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mencas",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "menca f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "4th"
      },
      "expansion": "menca f (4th declension)",
      "name": "lv-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "menc",
        "2": "a",
        "3": "4th"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "menc",
        "2": "a",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "drop-v": "",
        "keep-s": "",
        "x": "0"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-4"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "menca",
        "10": "mencām",
        "11": "mencā",
        "12": "mencās",
        "13": "menca",
        "14": "mencas",
        "16": "",
        "2": "mencas",
        "3": "mencu",
        "4": "mencas",
        "5": "mencas",
        "6": "mencu",
        "7": "mencai",
        "8": "mencām",
        "9": "mencu",
        "type": "4th declension",
        "x": "0"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
        "Latvian feminine nouns",
        "Latvian fourth declension nouns",
        "Latvian lemmas",
        "Latvian nouns",
        "Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic",
        "Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Latvian terms with usage examples",
        "Latvian undefined derivations",
        "Latvian words with level intonation",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "lv:Fish"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Atlantic cod",
          "text": "Atlantijas menca",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "cod species (plural)",
          "text": "mencu sugas",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "cod fishing",
          "text": "mencu zveja",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "cod filet",
          "text": "mencu fileja",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "smoked cod",
          "text": "kūpināta menca",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "codfish in oil",
          "text": "menca eļļā",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cod, codfish (sea fish, family Gadidae)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cod",
          "cod"
        ],
        [
          "codfish",
          "codfish"
        ],
        [
          "Gadidae",
          "Gadidae#Translingual"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-4",
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[mǣntsa]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "lv-riga-menca.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/5/5d/Lv-riga-menca.ogg/Lv-riga-menca.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/5/5d/Lv-riga-menca.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "word": "menca"
}

Download raw JSONL data for menca meaning in Latvian (4.6kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latvian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (ca09fec and c40eb85). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.