See koks in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "augļu koks"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "citronkoks"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "koksne"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "*kuok-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic *kuok-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kewk-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kewk-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kúoka",
"3": "",
"4": "stick with thick end, pounder, pestle"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kúoka (“stick with thick end, pounder, pestle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "кука",
"3": "",
"4": "spike, peg, wedge, hook, handle"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian кука (kuka, “spike, peg, wedge, hook, handle”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Baltic *kuok-, from Proto-Indo-European *kewk-, from the stem *kew- (“to bend, to be bent”).\nMeaning at first “bent wood, branch, stick,” it soon became “wood, tree.” It competed with mežs (< *medis), the original term for “wood, tree,” which soon acquired the meaning of “forest.” The original “branch, stick” meaning of koks can still be occasionally found (see below).\nCognates include Lithuanian kúoka (“stick with thick end, pounder, pestle”), kúokas (“stick with thick end; thick end of a stick; tuber; mace, club”), kukà (“stick”), Bulgarian кука (kuka, “spike, peg, wedge, hook, handle”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "koks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kokam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kokiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kokus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kokiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kokā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kokos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "koki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "koks m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "1st"
},
"expansion": "koks m (1st declension)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kok",
"2": "s",
"3": "1st",
"extrawidth": "-60",
"keep-s": "1"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kok",
"2": "s",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "1",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-1"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "koks",
"10": "kokiem",
"11": "kokā",
"12": "kokos",
"13": "koks",
"14": "koki",
"2": "koki",
"3": "koku",
"4": "kokus",
"5": "koka",
"6": "koku",
"7": "kokam",
"8": "kokiem",
"9": "koku",
"type": "1st declension",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 31 16 26 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with falling intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "fruit trees",
"text": "augļu koki",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "tree foliage",
"text": "koku lapotne",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "clump of trees",
"text": "koku puduris",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "mixed tree forest",
"text": "jauktu koku mežs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the trees rustle in the wind",
"text": "koki šalc vējā",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "withered tree",
"text": "nokaltis koks",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "naked, bald (= leafless) tree",
"text": "kails koks",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "green tree (i.e., with leaves)",
"text": "zaļš koks",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "mossy tree",
"text": "apsūnojis koks",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "centenarian tree",
"text": "simtgadīgs koks",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "deciduous (lit. leaf) tree",
"text": "lapu koks",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "connifer (lit. needle 'tree)",
"text": "skuju koks",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to saw, to axe trees",
"text": "zāģēt, cirst kokus",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "tree worms",
"text": "koku tārpi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "alone as a tree (= very lonely)",
"text": "viens kā koks",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tree (perennial plant with woody stem or trunk, foliage, and roots)"
],
"id": "en-koks-lv-noun-WfEwRjh5",
"links": [
[
"tree",
"tree"
],
[
"perennial",
"perennial#English"
],
[
"plant",
"plant#English"
],
[
"woody",
"woody#English"
],
[
"stem",
"stem#English"
],
[
"trunk",
"trunk#English"
],
[
"foliage",
"foliage#English"
],
[
"root",
"root#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 51 7 17 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 43 6 19 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "18 31 16 26 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with falling intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 38 15 12 7",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "Plants",
"orig": "lv:Plants",
"parents": [
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 51 9 7 4",
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "lv",
"name": "Trees",
"orig": "lv:Trees",
"parents": [
"Plants",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Inta's father at that time already worked at timber floating (log driving) on the river",
"text": "Intas tēvs jau toreiz strādāja uz upes pie koku pludināšanas",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the blacksmith began to bring timber, wood to the forge",
"text": "kalējs sāka vest kokus smēdei",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "timber corral (an enclosure for floating timber on a watercourse)",
"text": "koku dārzs",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"timber (felled trees seen as a substance)"
],
"id": "en-koks-lv-noun-ycvIMF8C",
"links": [
[
"timber",
"timber"
],
[
"felled",
"felled#English"
],
[
"tree",
"tree#English"
],
[
"see",
"see#English"
],
[
"substance",
"substance#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 31 16 26 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with falling intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the ditch flooded, two logs (were) taken to the little bridge",
"text": "grāvis uzplūdis, tiltiņam divi koki iznesti",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"logs, boards, planks"
],
"id": "en-koks-lv-noun-CxTAJAXi",
"links": [
[
"log",
"log"
],
[
"board",
"board"
],
[
"plank",
"plank"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "18 31 16 26 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with falling intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "wooden building",
"text": "koka ēka",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "wooden spoon",
"text": "koka karote",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "wooden shoes",
"text": "koka tupeles",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "wooden toys",
"text": "koka rotaļlietas",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "old-fashioned wooden bed",
"text": "vecmodīga koka gulta",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wood (timber seen as material for making things)"
],
"id": "en-koks-lv-noun-3hSUN-jF",
"links": [
[
"wood",
"wood"
],
[
"timber",
"timber#English"
],
[
"seen",
"seen#English"
],
[
"material",
"material#English"
],
[
"making",
"make#English"
],
[
"thing",
"thing#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I look at some stick: (my) left arm is free, I could drive the shackals away",
"text": "skatos pēc kāda koka; kreisā roka man brīva, varētu šakāļus aizdzīt",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "for this reason he took the sticks (= he was given corporal physical punishment)",
"text": "viņš saņēmis par to kokus",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"club, stick, rod (e.g., for hitting)"
],
"id": "en-koks-lv-noun-GvojPpe-",
"links": [
[
"club",
"club"
],
[
"stick",
"stick"
],
[
"rod",
"rod"
],
[
"e.g.",
"e.g.#English"
],
[
"hit",
"hit#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kùoks]"
},
{
"audio": "lv-riga-koks.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/Lv-riga-koks.ogg/Lv-riga-koks.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Lv-riga-koks.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"lv:koks"
],
"word": "koks"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"Latvian first declension nouns",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian masculine nouns",
"Latvian nouns",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latvian terms inherited from Proto-Baltic",
"Latvian words with falling intonation",
"Pages with 10 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"lv:Plants",
"lv:Trees",
"sv:Recreational drugs"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "augļu koks"
},
{
"word": "citronkoks"
},
{
"word": "koksne"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "*kuok-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic *kuok-",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*kewk-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kewk-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kúoka",
"3": "",
"4": "stick with thick end, pounder, pestle"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian kúoka (“stick with thick end, pounder, pestle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "кука",
"3": "",
"4": "spike, peg, wedge, hook, handle"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian кука (kuka, “spike, peg, wedge, hook, handle”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Baltic *kuok-, from Proto-Indo-European *kewk-, from the stem *kew- (“to bend, to be bent”).\nMeaning at first “bent wood, branch, stick,” it soon became “wood, tree.” It competed with mežs (< *medis), the original term for “wood, tree,” which soon acquired the meaning of “forest.” The original “branch, stick” meaning of koks can still be occasionally found (see below).\nCognates include Lithuanian kúoka (“stick with thick end, pounder, pestle”), kúokas (“stick with thick end; thick end of a stick; tuber; mace, club”), kukà (“stick”), Bulgarian кука (kuka, “spike, peg, wedge, hook, handle”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "koks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koka",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "koku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kokam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kokiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kokus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koku",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kokiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kokā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kokos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "koks",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "koki",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "koks m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "1st"
},
"expansion": "koks m (1st declension)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kok",
"2": "s",
"3": "1st",
"extrawidth": "-60",
"keep-s": "1"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "kok",
"2": "s",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "1",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-1"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "koks",
"10": "kokiem",
"11": "kokā",
"12": "kokos",
"13": "koks",
"14": "koki",
"2": "koki",
"3": "koku",
"4": "kokus",
"5": "koka",
"6": "koku",
"7": "kokam",
"8": "kokiem",
"9": "koku",
"type": "1st declension",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "fruit trees",
"text": "augļu koki",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "tree foliage",
"text": "koku lapotne",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "clump of trees",
"text": "koku puduris",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "mixed tree forest",
"text": "jauktu koku mežs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the trees rustle in the wind",
"text": "koki šalc vējā",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "withered tree",
"text": "nokaltis koks",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "naked, bald (= leafless) tree",
"text": "kails koks",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "green tree (i.e., with leaves)",
"text": "zaļš koks",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "mossy tree",
"text": "apsūnojis koks",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "centenarian tree",
"text": "simtgadīgs koks",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "deciduous (lit. leaf) tree",
"text": "lapu koks",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "connifer (lit. needle 'tree)",
"text": "skuju koks",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to saw, to axe trees",
"text": "zāģēt, cirst kokus",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "tree worms",
"text": "koku tārpi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "alone as a tree (= very lonely)",
"text": "viens kā koks",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tree (perennial plant with woody stem or trunk, foliage, and roots)"
],
"links": [
[
"tree",
"tree"
],
[
"perennial",
"perennial#English"
],
[
"plant",
"plant#English"
],
[
"woody",
"woody#English"
],
[
"stem",
"stem#English"
],
[
"trunk",
"trunk#English"
],
[
"foliage",
"foliage#English"
],
[
"root",
"root#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Inta's father at that time already worked at timber floating (log driving) on the river",
"text": "Intas tēvs jau toreiz strādāja uz upes pie koku pludināšanas",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the blacksmith began to bring timber, wood to the forge",
"text": "kalējs sāka vest kokus smēdei",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "timber corral (an enclosure for floating timber on a watercourse)",
"text": "koku dārzs",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"timber (felled trees seen as a substance)"
],
"links": [
[
"timber",
"timber"
],
[
"felled",
"felled#English"
],
[
"tree",
"tree#English"
],
[
"see",
"see#English"
],
[
"substance",
"substance#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "the ditch flooded, two logs (were) taken to the little bridge",
"text": "grāvis uzplūdis, tiltiņam divi koki iznesti",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"logs, boards, planks"
],
"links": [
[
"log",
"log"
],
[
"board",
"board"
],
[
"plank",
"plank"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "wooden building",
"text": "koka ēka",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "wooden spoon",
"text": "koka karote",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "wooden shoes",
"text": "koka tupeles",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "wooden toys",
"text": "koka rotaļlietas",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "old-fashioned wooden bed",
"text": "vecmodīga koka gulta",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wood (timber seen as material for making things)"
],
"links": [
[
"wood",
"wood"
],
[
"timber",
"timber#English"
],
[
"seen",
"seen#English"
],
[
"material",
"material#English"
],
[
"making",
"make#English"
],
[
"thing",
"thing#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "I look at some stick: (my) left arm is free, I could drive the shackals away",
"text": "skatos pēc kāda koka; kreisā roka man brīva, varētu šakāļus aizdzīt",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "for this reason he took the sticks (= he was given corporal physical punishment)",
"text": "viņš saņēmis par to kokus",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"club, stick, rod (e.g., for hitting)"
],
"links": [
[
"club",
"club"
],
[
"stick",
"stick"
],
[
"rod",
"rod"
],
[
"e.g.",
"e.g.#English"
],
[
"hit",
"hit#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kùoks]"
},
{
"audio": "lv-riga-koks.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/3/37/Lv-riga-koks.ogg/Lv-riga-koks.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/37/Lv-riga-koks.ogg"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"lv:koks"
],
"word": "koks"
}
Download raw JSONL data for koks meaning in Latvian (8.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latvian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.