See ir in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ir meaning in Latvian (12.5kB)
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*irā"
},
"expansion": "*irā",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "irād"
},
"expansion": "irād",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "iraid"
},
"expansion": "iraid",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "irāg"
},
"expansion": "irāg",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "yrà"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian yrà",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*esti"
},
"expansion": "*esti",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "єстъ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic єстъ (estŭ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "есть"
},
"expansion": "Russian есть (jestʹ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "ẽsti"
},
"expansion": "ẽsti",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "ast"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian ast",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*esti"
},
"expansion": "*esti",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xsv",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Sudovian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xsv",
"2": "irm",
"3": "",
"4": "I am"
},
"expansion": "irm (“I am”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bat-pro",
"2": "*irā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic *irā",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "aurè",
"3": "",
"4": "look!"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian aurè (“look!”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ir",
"3": "",
"4": "both... and..."
},
"expansion": "ir (“both... and...”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-r"
},
"expansion": "*-r",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Baltic *irā (cf. dialectal, archaic forms irād, iraid, irāg, and also Lithuanian yrà, which existed alongside *esti (cf. Old Church Slavonic єстъ (estŭ), Russian есть (jestʹ), Lithuanian dialectal ẽsti, Old Prussian ast), initially with basically existential (“there is”) meaning, but later on extending to all copular meanings, thus replacing *esti. In Sudovian, also the first person form irm (“I am”) is derived from this stem. The origin of Proto-Baltic *irā is, however, unclear. Various sources have been proposed: an older interjection (cf. Lithuanian aurè (“look!”)), the particle and conjunction ir (“both... and...”), a noun with the meaning “existence,” “reality,” “thing,” or even (more recently) the Proto-Indo-European secondary third-person verbal ending *-r with a later -ā-extension.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "ir",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 38 11 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 28 20 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with level intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"is; third-person singular present indicative of būt"
],
"id": "en-ir-lv-verb-8yT7fSc2",
"links": [
[
"he",
"he"
],
[
"she",
"she"
],
[
"it",
"it"
],
[
"is",
"is"
],
[
"būt",
"būt#Latvian"
]
],
"qualifier": "he; she; it; he; she; it",
"raw_glosses": [
"(he, she, it) is; third-person singular present indicative of būt"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 38 11 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 28 20 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with level intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"are; third-person plural present indicative of būt"
],
"id": "en-ir-lv-verb-Sr3Nk3kK",
"links": [
[
"they",
"they"
],
[
"are",
"are"
],
[
"būt",
"būt#Latvian"
]
],
"qualifier": "they",
"raw_glosses": [
"(they) are; third-person plural present indicative of būt"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 38 11 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 28 20 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with level intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"let (him, her, it) be; third-person singular imperative of būt"
],
"id": "en-ir-lv-verb-iodyU8Mz",
"links": [
[
"lai",
"lai#Latvian"
],
[
"let",
"let"
],
[
"him",
"him"
],
[
"her",
"her"
],
[
"it",
"it"
],
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"būt",
"būt#Latvian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with the particle lai) let (him, her, it) be; third-person singular imperative of būt"
],
"tags": [
"with-lai"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "38 38 11 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 28 20 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with level intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"let them be; third-person plural imperative of būt"
],
"id": "en-ir-lv-verb-0V7XzsuS",
"links": [
[
"lai",
"lai#Latvian"
],
[
"let",
"let"
],
[
"them",
"them"
],
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"būt",
"būt#Latvian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with the particle lai) let them be; third-person plural imperative of būt"
],
"tags": [
"with-lai"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ir]"
}
],
"word": "ir"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*ir"
},
"expansion": "*ir",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₂r̥"
},
"expansion": "*h₂r̥",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂er-",
"4": "",
"5": "so, then; question particle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- (“so, then; question particle”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ar",
"3": "",
"4": "with"
},
"expansion": "Latvian ar (“with”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ir"
},
"expansion": "ir",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "ir",
"3": "ir̃",
"4": "and"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian ir̃ (“and”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "ir",
"3": "",
"4": "also"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian ir (“also”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "er",
"3": "",
"4": "(along) with"
},
"expansion": "er (“(along) with”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἄρα",
"3": "ἄρα, ἄρ', ῥά",
"4": "so, then, therefore"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἄρα, ἄρ', ῥά (ára, ár', rhá, “so, then, therefore”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Baltic *ir, from the reduced grade *h₂r̥ of Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- (“so, then; question particle”) (whence also Latvian ar (“with”); see there for more). The original meaning “and” (compare Lithuanian cognate) is found in 16th- and 17th-century texts, but from the 18th century on ir was no longer used in this sense. Cognates include Lithuanian ir̃ (“and”), Old Prussian ir (“also”), er (“(along) with”), Ancient Greek ἄρα, ἄρ', ῥά (ára, ár', rhá, “so, then, therefore”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "ir",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "31 8 9 22 20 5 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "29 8 8 22 22 5 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "one wanted both to laugh and to cry",
"text": "gribējas ir smieties, ir raudāt",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "both the young and the old came",
"text": "nāca ir jaunie, ir vecie",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "at that time, both the father and the mother had died",
"text": "tolaik ir tēvs, ir māte bija miruši",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "that was a brave, fun (lit. interesting) and pretty girl, who knew how to be both cheerful and serious",
"text": "tā bija droša, interesanta un glīta meitene, kas prata būt ir jautra, ir nopietna",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the night is like the night (= as usual): the moon shines and also in the distance silent lightning flashes",
"text": "nakts kā jau nakts: ir mēness spīd, ir tālē rūsa plaiksnī",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"additive conjunction used to join several similar sentence elements, indicating their similar nature: both ... and ..., ... and also ..., ... as well as ..."
],
"id": "en-ir-lv-conj-lv:and",
"links": [
[
"additive",
"additive#English"
],
[
"conjunction",
"conjunction#English"
],
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"join",
"join#English"
],
[
"several",
"several#English"
],
[
"similar",
"similar#English"
],
[
"sentence",
"sentence#English"
],
[
"element",
"element#English"
],
[
"indicating",
"indicate#English"
],
[
"nature",
"nature#English"
],
[
"both",
"both"
],
[
"and",
"and"
],
[
"also",
"also"
],
[
"as well as",
"as well as"
]
],
"senseid": [
"lv:and"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kā ... tā ..."
},
{
"word": "gan ... gan ..."
}
]
}
],
"word": "ir"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*ir"
},
"expansion": "*ir",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₂r̥"
},
"expansion": "*h₂r̥",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂er-",
"4": "",
"5": "so, then; question particle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- (“so, then; question particle”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ar",
"3": "",
"4": "with"
},
"expansion": "Latvian ar (“with”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ir"
},
"expansion": "ir",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "ir",
"3": "ir̃",
"4": "and"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian ir̃ (“and”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "ir",
"3": "",
"4": "also"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian ir (“also”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "er",
"3": "",
"4": "(along) with"
},
"expansion": "er (“(along) with”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἄρα",
"3": "ἄρα, ἄρ', ῥά",
"4": "so, then, therefore"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἄρα, ἄρ', ῥά (ára, ár', rhá, “so, then, therefore”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Baltic *ir, from the reduced grade *h₂r̥ of Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- (“so, then; question particle”) (whence also Latvian ar (“with”); see there for more). The original meaning “and” (compare Lithuanian cognate) is found in 16th- and 17th-century texts, but from the 18th century on ir was no longer used in this sense. Cognates include Lithuanian ir̃ (“and”), Old Prussian ir (“also”), er (“(along) with”), Ancient Greek ἄρα, ἄρ', ῥά (ára, ár', rhá, “so, then, therefore”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "ir",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Ludis jumped into a big mud puddle and there also he stayed, looking ahead at the cart",
"text": "Ludis nolēca lielā dubļu pančkā un tur ir palika, ratiem pakaļ skatīdamies",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Dūdums pateica: “man vēl laika diezgan”, un pārliecināt viņu par piegādes normu nodošanu pirms termiņa tā ir neizdevās — Dūdums said: “I still have enough time,” and also, so it was impossible to convince him about the rules for delivery before the deadline"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to mark connection and emphasis, reinforcement; syn. arī"
],
"id": "en-ir-lv-particle-kIR2Ak5q",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"mark",
"mark#English"
],
[
"connection",
"connection#English"
],
[
"emphasis",
"emphasis#English"
],
[
"reinforcement",
"reinforcement#English"
],
[
"arī",
"arī#Latvian"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "that doesn't even come to his mind",
"text": "tas viņam ir prātā nenāk",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "really sleeping at night in the bushes, he appeared rarely in the city",
"text": "krūmos ir pa naktīm guļot, pilsētā viņš parādoties reti",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to mark emphasis, to reinforce; syn. pat: really, even"
],
"id": "en-ir-lv-particle-4TM~Lg2A",
"links": [
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"mark",
"mark#English"
],
[
"emphasis",
"emphasis#English"
],
[
"reinforce",
"reinforce#English"
],
[
"pat",
"pat#Latvian"
],
[
"really",
"really"
],
[
"even",
"even"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "arī"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "pat"
}
],
"word": "ir"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latvian conjunctions",
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian non-lemma forms",
"Latvian particles",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latvian verb forms",
"Latvian words with level intonation"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*irā"
},
"expansion": "*irā",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "irād"
},
"expansion": "irād",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "iraid"
},
"expansion": "iraid",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "irāg"
},
"expansion": "irāg",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "yrà"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian yrà",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*esti"
},
"expansion": "*esti",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "єстъ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic єстъ (estŭ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "есть"
},
"expansion": "Russian есть (jestʹ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "ẽsti"
},
"expansion": "ẽsti",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "ast"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian ast",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*esti"
},
"expansion": "*esti",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xsv",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Sudovian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xsv",
"2": "irm",
"3": "",
"4": "I am"
},
"expansion": "irm (“I am”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bat-pro",
"2": "*irā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic *irā",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "aurè",
"3": "",
"4": "look!"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian aurè (“look!”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ir",
"3": "",
"4": "both... and..."
},
"expansion": "ir (“both... and...”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-r"
},
"expansion": "*-r",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Baltic *irā (cf. dialectal, archaic forms irād, iraid, irāg, and also Lithuanian yrà, which existed alongside *esti (cf. Old Church Slavonic єстъ (estŭ), Russian есть (jestʹ), Lithuanian dialectal ẽsti, Old Prussian ast), initially with basically existential (“there is”) meaning, but later on extending to all copular meanings, thus replacing *esti. In Sudovian, also the first person form irm (“I am”) is derived from this stem. The origin of Proto-Baltic *irā is, however, unclear. Various sources have been proposed: an older interjection (cf. Lithuanian aurè (“look!”)), the particle and conjunction ir (“both... and...”), a noun with the meaning “existence,” “reality,” “thing,” or even (more recently) the Proto-Indo-European secondary third-person verbal ending *-r with a later -ā-extension.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "verb form"
},
"expansion": "ir",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"is; third-person singular present indicative of būt"
],
"links": [
[
"he",
"he"
],
[
"she",
"she"
],
[
"it",
"it"
],
[
"is",
"is"
],
[
"būt",
"būt#Latvian"
]
],
"qualifier": "he; she; it; he; she; it",
"raw_glosses": [
"(he, she, it) is; third-person singular present indicative of būt"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"are; third-person plural present indicative of būt"
],
"links": [
[
"they",
"they"
],
[
"are",
"are"
],
[
"būt",
"būt#Latvian"
]
],
"qualifier": "they",
"raw_glosses": [
"(they) are; third-person plural present indicative of būt"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"let (him, her, it) be; third-person singular imperative of būt"
],
"links": [
[
"lai",
"lai#Latvian"
],
[
"let",
"let"
],
[
"him",
"him"
],
[
"her",
"her"
],
[
"it",
"it"
],
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"būt",
"būt#Latvian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with the particle lai) let (him, her, it) be; third-person singular imperative of būt"
],
"tags": [
"with-lai"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"let them be; third-person plural imperative of būt"
],
"links": [
[
"lai",
"lai#Latvian"
],
[
"let",
"let"
],
[
"them",
"them"
],
[
"be",
"be"
],
[
"būt",
"būt#Latvian"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(with the particle lai) let them be; third-person plural imperative of būt"
],
"tags": [
"with-lai"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ir]"
}
],
"word": "ir"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latvian conjunctions",
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian particles",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*ir"
},
"expansion": "*ir",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₂r̥"
},
"expansion": "*h₂r̥",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂er-",
"4": "",
"5": "so, then; question particle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- (“so, then; question particle”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ar",
"3": "",
"4": "with"
},
"expansion": "Latvian ar (“with”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ir"
},
"expansion": "ir",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "ir",
"3": "ir̃",
"4": "and"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian ir̃ (“and”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "ir",
"3": "",
"4": "also"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian ir (“also”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "er",
"3": "",
"4": "(along) with"
},
"expansion": "er (“(along) with”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἄρα",
"3": "ἄρα, ἄρ', ῥά",
"4": "so, then, therefore"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἄρα, ἄρ', ῥά (ára, ár', rhá, “so, then, therefore”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Baltic *ir, from the reduced grade *h₂r̥ of Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- (“so, then; question particle”) (whence also Latvian ar (“with”); see there for more). The original meaning “and” (compare Lithuanian cognate) is found in 16th- and 17th-century texts, but from the 18th century on ir was no longer used in this sense. Cognates include Lithuanian ir̃ (“and”), Old Prussian ir (“also”), er (“(along) with”), Ancient Greek ἄρα, ἄρ', ῥά (ára, ár', rhá, “so, then, therefore”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "conjunction"
},
"expansion": "ir",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "conj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "one wanted both to laugh and to cry",
"text": "gribējas ir smieties, ir raudāt",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "both the young and the old came",
"text": "nāca ir jaunie, ir vecie",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "at that time, both the father and the mother had died",
"text": "tolaik ir tēvs, ir māte bija miruši",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "that was a brave, fun (lit. interesting) and pretty girl, who knew how to be both cheerful and serious",
"text": "tā bija droša, interesanta un glīta meitene, kas prata būt ir jautra, ir nopietna",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the night is like the night (= as usual): the moon shines and also in the distance silent lightning flashes",
"text": "nakts kā jau nakts: ir mēness spīd, ir tālē rūsa plaiksnī",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"additive conjunction used to join several similar sentence elements, indicating their similar nature: both ... and ..., ... and also ..., ... as well as ..."
],
"links": [
[
"additive",
"additive#English"
],
[
"conjunction",
"conjunction#English"
],
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"join",
"join#English"
],
[
"several",
"several#English"
],
[
"similar",
"similar#English"
],
[
"sentence",
"sentence#English"
],
[
"element",
"element#English"
],
[
"indicating",
"indicate#English"
],
[
"nature",
"nature#English"
],
[
"both",
"both"
],
[
"and",
"and"
],
[
"also",
"also"
],
[
"as well as",
"as well as"
]
],
"senseid": [
"lv:and"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "kā ... tā ..."
},
{
"word": "gan ... gan ..."
}
],
"word": "ir"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latvian conjunctions",
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian particles",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "bat-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Baltic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*ir"
},
"expansion": "*ir",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*h₂r̥"
},
"expansion": "*h₂r̥",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂er-",
"4": "",
"5": "so, then; question particle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- (“so, then; question particle”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ar",
"3": "",
"4": "with"
},
"expansion": "Latvian ar (“with”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ir"
},
"expansion": "ir",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "ir",
"3": "ir̃",
"4": "and"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian ir̃ (“and”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "ir",
"3": "",
"4": "also"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian ir (“also”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "er",
"3": "",
"4": "(along) with"
},
"expansion": "er (“(along) with”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἄρα",
"3": "ἄρα, ἄρ', ῥά",
"4": "so, then, therefore"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἄρα, ἄρ', ῥά (ára, ár', rhá, “so, then, therefore”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Baltic *ir, from the reduced grade *h₂r̥ of Proto-Indo-European *h₂er- (“so, then; question particle”) (whence also Latvian ar (“with”); see there for more). The original meaning “and” (compare Lithuanian cognate) is found in 16th- and 17th-century texts, but from the 18th century on ir was no longer used in this sense. Cognates include Lithuanian ir̃ (“and”), Old Prussian ir (“also”), er (“(along) with”), Ancient Greek ἄρα, ἄρ', ῥά (ára, ár', rhá, “so, then, therefore”).",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "particle"
},
"expansion": "ir",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Ludis jumped into a big mud puddle and there also he stayed, looking ahead at the cart",
"text": "Ludis nolēca lielā dubļu pančkā un tur ir palika, ratiem pakaļ skatīdamies",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "Dūdums pateica: “man vēl laika diezgan”, un pārliecināt viņu par piegādes normu nodošanu pirms termiņa tā ir neizdevās — Dūdums said: “I still have enough time,” and also, so it was impossible to convince him about the rules for delivery before the deadline"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to mark connection and emphasis, reinforcement; syn. arī"
],
"links": [
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"mark",
"mark#English"
],
[
"connection",
"connection#English"
],
[
"emphasis",
"emphasis#English"
],
[
"reinforcement",
"reinforcement#English"
],
[
"arī",
"arī#Latvian"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "that doesn't even come to his mind",
"text": "tas viņam ir prātā nenāk",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "really sleeping at night in the bushes, he appeared rarely in the city",
"text": "krūmos ir pa naktīm guļot, pilsētā viņš parādoties reti",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"used to mark emphasis, to reinforce; syn. pat: really, even"
],
"links": [
[
"use",
"use#English"
],
[
"mark",
"mark#English"
],
[
"emphasis",
"emphasis#English"
],
[
"reinforce",
"reinforce#English"
],
[
"pat",
"pat#Latvian"
],
[
"really",
"really"
],
[
"even",
"even"
]
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "arī"
},
{
"word": "pat"
}
],
"word": "ir"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latvian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e268c0e and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.