"inde" meaning in Latvian

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "indēt"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "indīgs"
    }
  ],
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        "2": "-"
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      "expansion": "Lithuanian",
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    {
      "args": {
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        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
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        "2": "ie-"
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      "expansion": "Latvian ie-",
      "name": "cog"
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      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Gift"
      },
      "expansion": "German Gift",
      "name": "cog"
    },
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        "1": "lt",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "inde",
        "3": "",
        "4": "end; death"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch inde (“end; death”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "A 20th-century neologism, introduced in the Scientific Terminology Dictionary (Riga, 1922) to replace a previous Germanism, ģifts. The word was coined by shortening the (old-fashioned, dialectal) word indeve (“illness, disease; bad disposition; evil spirit; poison”), which J. Endzelīns considered either an old Curonian term or a borrowing from Lithuanian (cf. Lithuanian dialectal indėvė (“poison; evil, evil spirit”)), perhaps formed from a prefix *in- (Latvian ie-) and the verb dot (“to give”) or dēt (“to lay (eggs); orig. to put”). The meaning evolution would be similar to that of German Gift: from “something given, put (in)” to “poison.” Another possibility, suggested by the “evil spirit” meaning of the Lithuanian cognate (also attested in older Latvian sources as a name for the devil), is that indeve might come from *in- (“negative”) + dievs, i.e. “no-god” > “evil, evil spirit” (cf. similarly formed nedievs). It is also possible that two similar words, meaning “disease” and “evil spirit,” became homophonous and merged as indeve. It has also been suggested that Middle Dutch inde (“end; death”), inden (“to end life, to die”) could also have influenced indeve, given the strong presence of Dutch sailors and craftsmen in the times of the old Duchy of Courland (1561-1726).",
  "forms": [
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      "source": "declension",
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        "inflection-template"
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    },
    {
      "form": "5th declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "inde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "indes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "indi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "indes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "indes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "inžu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "indei",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "indēm",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "indi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "indēm",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "indē",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "indēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "inde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "indes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
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      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "inde f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "5th"
      },
      "expansion": "inde f (5th declension)",
      "name": "lv-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "in",
        "2": "e",
        "3": "5th",
        "4": "",
        "5": "d",
        "6": "ž"
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        "1": "in",
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        "8": "",
        "drop-v": "",
        "keep-s": "",
        "x": "0"
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    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "inde",
        "10": "indēm",
        "11": "indē",
        "12": "indēs",
        "13": "inde",
        "14": "indes",
        "2": "indes",
        "3": "indi",
        "4": "indes",
        "5": "indes",
        "6": "inžu",
        "7": "indei",
        "8": "indēm",
        "9": "indi",
        "type": "5th declension",
        "x": "0"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "11 11 0 20 24 3 6 5 2 6 7 3 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 8 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 8 0 26 32 3 4 3 2 4 5 3 3",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "93 7",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "86 14",
          "kind": "other",
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          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "67 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian words with level intonation",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "83 17",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "lv",
          "name": "Poisons",
          "orig": "lv:Poisons",
          "parents": [
            "Matter",
            "Chemistry",
            "Nature",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "bee venom",
          "text": "bišu inde",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "snake venom",
          "text": "čūsku inde",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "poison concentration",
          "text": "indes koncentrācija",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "snake venom teeth",
          "text": "čūsku indes zobi",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "venom glands",
          "text": "indes dziedzeri",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to prepare poison",
          "text": "sagatavot indi",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to neutralize poison",
          "text": "neitralizēt indi",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "a very effective poison is well known to modern science: potassium cyanide",
          "text": "mūsdienu zinātnei labi zināma ļoti iedarbīga inde: kālija cianīds",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "the tobacco leaf contains nicotine, which is a strong poison for the heart",
          "text": "tabakas lapas satur nikotīnu, kas ir stipra sirds inde",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "poison, venom (substance with deleterious or even fatal effects on living organisms)"
      ],
      "id": "en-inde-lv-noun-QevQAOKn",
      "links": [
        [
          "poison",
          "poison"
        ],
        [
          "venom",
          "venom"
        ],
        [
          "substance",
          "substance#English"
        ],
        [
          "deleterious",
          "deleterious#English"
        ],
        [
          "even",
          "even#English"
        ],
        [
          "fatal",
          "fatal#English"
        ],
        [
          "effect",
          "effect#English"
        ],
        [
          "living",
          "living#English"
        ],
        [
          "organism",
          "organism#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-5",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "he did not counterargue... but he added doubt and drops of the poison of unbelief in every conversation",
          "text": "viņš nestrīdas pretim... bet šaubu un neticības indi pa kādam pilienam iepilina katrā sarunā",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "poison (something with bad effects on people)"
      ],
      "id": "en-inde-lv-noun-kl18--E8",
      "links": [
        [
          "poison",
          "poison"
        ],
        [
          "bad",
          "bad#English"
        ],
        [
          "effect",
          "effect#English"
        ],
        [
          "people",
          "people#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) poison (something with bad effects on people)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-5",
        "feminine",
        "figuratively"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[īndɛ]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "lv-riga-inde.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/Lv-riga-inde.ogg/Lv-riga-inde.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Lv-riga-inde.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "lv:inde"
  ],
  "word": "inde"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
    "Latvian feminine nouns",
    "Latvian fifth declension nouns",
    "Latvian lemmas",
    "Latvian noun forms",
    "Latvian nouns",
    "Latvian words with level intonation",
    "Pages with 8 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "lv:Poisons"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "indēt"
    },
    {
      "word": "indīgs"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian",
      "name": "cog"
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      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
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      "expansion": "Lithuanian",
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      "name": "cog"
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      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Gift"
      },
      "expansion": "German Gift",
      "name": "cog"
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "inde",
        "3": "",
        "4": "end; death"
      },
      "expansion": "Middle Dutch inde (“end; death”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "A 20th-century neologism, introduced in the Scientific Terminology Dictionary (Riga, 1922) to replace a previous Germanism, ģifts. The word was coined by shortening the (old-fashioned, dialectal) word indeve (“illness, disease; bad disposition; evil spirit; poison”), which J. Endzelīns considered either an old Curonian term or a borrowing from Lithuanian (cf. Lithuanian dialectal indėvė (“poison; evil, evil spirit”)), perhaps formed from a prefix *in- (Latvian ie-) and the verb dot (“to give”) or dēt (“to lay (eggs); orig. to put”). The meaning evolution would be similar to that of German Gift: from “something given, put (in)” to “poison.” Another possibility, suggested by the “evil spirit” meaning of the Lithuanian cognate (also attested in older Latvian sources as a name for the devil), is that indeve might come from *in- (“negative”) + dievs, i.e. “no-god” > “evil, evil spirit” (cf. similarly formed nedievs). It is also possible that two similar words, meaning “disease” and “evil spirit,” became homophonous and merged as indeve. It has also been suggested that Middle Dutch inde (“end; death”), inden (“to end life, to die”) could also have influenced indeve, given the strong presence of Dutch sailors and craftsmen in the times of the old Duchy of Courland (1561-1726).",
  "forms": [
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      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
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    },
    {
      "form": "lv-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "5th declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "inde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "indes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "indi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "indes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "indes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "inžu",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "indei",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "indēm",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "indi",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "indēm",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "indē",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "indēs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "inde",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "indes",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
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        "2": "noun",
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        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "inde f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "5th"
      },
      "expansion": "inde f (5th declension)",
      "name": "lv-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
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        "1": "in",
        "2": "e",
        "3": "5th",
        "4": "",
        "5": "d",
        "6": "ž"
      },
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    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "in",
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        "8": "",
        "drop-v": "",
        "keep-s": "",
        "x": "0"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-5"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "inde",
        "10": "indēm",
        "11": "indē",
        "12": "indēs",
        "13": "inde",
        "14": "indes",
        "2": "indes",
        "3": "indi",
        "4": "indes",
        "5": "indes",
        "6": "inžu",
        "7": "indei",
        "8": "indēm",
        "9": "indi",
        "type": "5th declension",
        "x": "0"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "bee venom",
          "text": "bišu inde",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "snake venom",
          "text": "čūsku inde",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "poison concentration",
          "text": "indes koncentrācija",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "snake venom teeth",
          "text": "čūsku indes zobi",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "venom glands",
          "text": "indes dziedzeri",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to prepare poison",
          "text": "sagatavot indi",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "to neutralize poison",
          "text": "neitralizēt indi",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "a very effective poison is well known to modern science: potassium cyanide",
          "text": "mūsdienu zinātnei labi zināma ļoti iedarbīga inde: kālija cianīds",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "the tobacco leaf contains nicotine, which is a strong poison for the heart",
          "text": "tabakas lapas satur nikotīnu, kas ir stipra sirds inde",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "poison, venom (substance with deleterious or even fatal effects on living organisms)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "poison",
          "poison"
        ],
        [
          "venom",
          "venom"
        ],
        [
          "substance",
          "substance#English"
        ],
        [
          "deleterious",
          "deleterious#English"
        ],
        [
          "even",
          "even#English"
        ],
        [
          "fatal",
          "fatal#English"
        ],
        [
          "effect",
          "effect#English"
        ],
        [
          "living",
          "living#English"
        ],
        [
          "organism",
          "organism#English"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-5",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "he did not counterargue... but he added doubt and drops of the poison of unbelief in every conversation",
          "text": "viņš nestrīdas pretim... bet šaubu un neticības indi pa kādam pilienam iepilina katrā sarunā",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "poison (something with bad effects on people)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "poison",
          "poison"
        ],
        [
          "bad",
          "bad#English"
        ],
        [
          "effect",
          "effect#English"
        ],
        [
          "people",
          "people#English"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figuratively) poison (something with bad effects on people)"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-5",
        "feminine",
        "figuratively"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[īndɛ]"
    },
    {
      "audio": "lv-riga-inde.ogg",
      "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/f/f1/Lv-riga-inde.ogg/Lv-riga-inde.ogg.mp3",
      "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/f/f1/Lv-riga-inde.ogg"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
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  ],
  "word": "inde"
}