See draugs in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for draugs meaning in Latvian (7.8kB)
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "draudzība"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "draudzīgs"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "draudzīgums"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*draugás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *draugás",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrewgʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to be other, to be second"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to be other, to be second”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "hostis"
},
"expansion": "Latin hostis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "hospes"
},
"expansion": "hospes",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "draugs"
},
"expansion": "Latvian draugs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "draugs vīrs",
"t": "another man"
},
"expansion": "draugs vīrs (“another man”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "drauga bērns",
"t": "stepchild"
},
"expansion": "drauga bērns (“stepchild”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *draugás, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to be other, to be second”). From the meaning “other, second,” two main meanings evolved: “friend” and “enemy, evil” (cf. the evolution of Latin hostis from “stranger” to “enemy” and hospes from “stranger” to “host”). In the Baltic and Slavic languages, only the “friend” meaning eventually survived. The older meaning of “other, second” for Latvian draugs is still sporadically attested in folk songs (draugs vīrs (“another man”); cf. also dialectal drauga bērns (“stepchild”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "draudzene",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "declension-1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1st declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "draugs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draugi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "draugu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draugus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drauga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draugu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "draugam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draugiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "draugu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draugiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "draugā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draugos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "draugs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "draugi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "draugs m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "1st",
"fem": "draudzene"
},
"expansion": "draugs m (1st declension, feminine form: draudzene)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "draug",
"2": "s",
"3": "1st",
"extrawidth": "-60",
"keep-s": "1"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "draug",
"2": "s",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "1",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-1"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "draugs",
"10": "draugiem",
"11": "draugā",
"12": "draugos",
"13": "draugs",
"14": "draugi",
"2": "draugi",
"3": "draugu",
"4": "draugus",
"5": "drauga",
"6": "draugu",
"7": "draugam",
"8": "draugiem",
"9": "draugu",
"type": "1st declension",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "draudzēties"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "58 19 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian words with falling intonation",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "childhood, school friend",
"text": "bernības, skolas draugs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "close friend",
"text": "tuvs draugs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "sincere friends",
"text": "sirsnīgi draugi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to be in a circle of friends",
"text": "būt draugu pulkā",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to be frends (lit. in friends) (with someone)",
"text": "būt draugos",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "husband (lit. married friend)",
"text": "laulātais draugs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "husband (lit. life friend; poetic)",
"text": "dzīves, mūža draugs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "friend of the house (someone who visits frequently)",
"text": "mājas draugs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "for happiness a friend is necessary, with whom there would be a lot in common: dreams and joys, opinions and concerns",
"text": "laimei vajadzīgs draugs, ar ko būtu daudz kā kopīga: gan sapņi un prieks, gan uzskati un rūpes",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Ints and Zints live in the same house, study in the same class in the same school, and sit in the same bench; both call themselves friends and keep together like two thistles",
"text": "Ints un Zints dzīvo vienā mājā, mācās vienā skolā, vienā klasē un sēž vienā solā; abi saucas par draugiem un turas kopā kā divi dadži",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"friend (a person with whom one has a friendship)"
],
"id": "en-draugs-lv-noun-IB2CjWSd",
"links": [
[
"friend",
"friend"
],
[
"person",
"person#English"
],
[
"friendship",
"friendship#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "26 64 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 47 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "four-legged friend",
"text": "četrkājainais draugs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the boy and the dog were inseparable friends",
"text": "zēns ar suni bija nešķirami draugi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the two cats were friends",
"text": "abi kaķi bija draugi",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"friend (an animal with whom one has friendly relations; an animal which behaves in a friendly way towards people or other animals)"
],
"id": "en-draugs-lv-noun-vFxuOd4S",
"links": [
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"friend",
"friend"
],
[
"animal",
"animal#English"
],
[
"friendly",
"friendly#English"
],
[
"relation",
"relation#English"
],
[
"behave",
"behave#English"
],
[
"way",
"way#English"
],
[
"people",
"people#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of animals) friend (an animal with whom one has friendly relations; an animal which behaves in a friendly way towards people or other animals)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of animals"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a friend, lover of nature",
"text": "dabas draugs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "music lovers",
"text": "mūzikas draugi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "book lovers",
"text": "grāmatu draugi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "cinema lovers club",
"text": "kino draugu klubs",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"friend, admirer, lover (of something)"
],
"id": "en-draugs-lv-noun-aKtBcJwM",
"links": [
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"friend",
"friend"
],
[
"admirer",
"admirer"
],
[
"lover",
"lover"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of people) friend, admirer, lover (of something)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of people"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[drà͜ʊks̪]"
},
{
"audio": "lv-riga-draugs.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/Lv-riga-draugs.ogg/Lv-riga-draugs.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Lv-riga-draugs.ogg"
}
],
"word": "draugs"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
"Latvian etymologies from LEV",
"Latvian first declension nouns",
"Latvian lemmas",
"Latvian masculine nouns",
"Latvian nouns",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latvian terms inherited from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latvian terms with audio links",
"Latvian words with falling intonation"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "draudzība"
},
{
"word": "draudzīgs"
},
{
"word": "draudzīgums"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "*draugás"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *draugás",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrewgʰ-",
"4": "",
"5": "to be other, to be second"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to be other, to be second”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "hostis"
},
"expansion": "Latin hostis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "hospes"
},
"expansion": "hospes",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "draugs"
},
"expansion": "Latvian draugs",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "draugs vīrs",
"t": "another man"
},
"expansion": "draugs vīrs (“another man”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "drauga bērns",
"t": "stepchild"
},
"expansion": "drauga bērns (“stepchild”)",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Balto-Slavic *draugás, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰrewgʰ- (“to be other, to be second”). From the meaning “other, second,” two main meanings evolved: “friend” and “enemy, evil” (cf. the evolution of Latin hostis from “stranger” to “enemy” and hospes from “stranger” to “host”). In the Baltic and Slavic languages, only the “friend” meaning eventually survived. The older meaning of “other, second” for Latvian draugs is still sporadically attested in folk songs (draugs vīrs (“another man”); cf. also dialectal drauga bērns (“stepchild”)).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "draudzene",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "declension-1",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "lv-decl-noun",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "1st declension",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "draugs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draugi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "draugu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draugus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "drauga",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draugu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "draugam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draugiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "draugu",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draugiem",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "draugā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "draugos",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "draugs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "draugi",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "noun",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"head": "",
"sort": ""
},
"expansion": "draugs m",
"name": "head"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "m",
"2": "1st",
"fem": "draudzene"
},
"expansion": "draugs m (1st declension, feminine form: draudzene)",
"name": "lv-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "draug",
"2": "s",
"3": "1st",
"extrawidth": "-60",
"keep-s": "1"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "draug",
"2": "s",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"7": "",
"8": "",
"drop-v": "",
"keep-s": "1",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-1"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "draugs",
"10": "draugiem",
"11": "draugā",
"12": "draugos",
"13": "draugs",
"14": "draugi",
"2": "draugi",
"3": "draugu",
"4": "draugus",
"5": "drauga",
"6": "draugu",
"7": "draugam",
"8": "draugiem",
"9": "draugu",
"type": "1st declension",
"x": "-60"
},
"name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
}
],
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "draudzēties"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "childhood, school friend",
"text": "bernības, skolas draugs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "close friend",
"text": "tuvs draugs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "sincere friends",
"text": "sirsnīgi draugi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to be in a circle of friends",
"text": "būt draugu pulkā",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "to be frends (lit. in friends) (with someone)",
"text": "būt draugos",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "husband (lit. married friend)",
"text": "laulātais draugs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "husband (lit. life friend; poetic)",
"text": "dzīves, mūža draugs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "friend of the house (someone who visits frequently)",
"text": "mājas draugs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "for happiness a friend is necessary, with whom there would be a lot in common: dreams and joys, opinions and concerns",
"text": "laimei vajadzīgs draugs, ar ko būtu daudz kā kopīga: gan sapņi un prieks, gan uzskati un rūpes",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "Ints and Zints live in the same house, study in the same class in the same school, and sit in the same bench; both call themselves friends and keep together like two thistles",
"text": "Ints un Zints dzīvo vienā mājā, mācās vienā skolā, vienā klasē un sēž vienā solā; abi saucas par draugiem un turas kopā kā divi dadži",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"friend (a person with whom one has a friendship)"
],
"links": [
[
"friend",
"friend"
],
[
"person",
"person#English"
],
[
"friendship",
"friendship#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "four-legged friend",
"text": "četrkājainais draugs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the boy and the dog were inseparable friends",
"text": "zēns ar suni bija nešķirami draugi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "the two cats were friends",
"text": "abi kaķi bija draugi",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"friend (an animal with whom one has friendly relations; an animal which behaves in a friendly way towards people or other animals)"
],
"links": [
[
"animal",
"animal"
],
[
"friend",
"friend"
],
[
"animal",
"animal#English"
],
[
"friendly",
"friendly#English"
],
[
"relation",
"relation#English"
],
[
"behave",
"behave#English"
],
[
"way",
"way#English"
],
[
"people",
"people#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of animals) friend (an animal with whom one has friendly relations; an animal which behaves in a friendly way towards people or other animals)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of animals"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latvian terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "a friend, lover of nature",
"text": "dabas draugs",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "music lovers",
"text": "mūzikas draugi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "book lovers",
"text": "grāmatu draugi",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "cinema lovers club",
"text": "kino draugu klubs",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"friend, admirer, lover (of something)"
],
"links": [
[
"people",
"people"
],
[
"friend",
"friend"
],
[
"admirer",
"admirer"
],
[
"lover",
"lover"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(of people) friend, admirer, lover (of something)"
],
"raw_tags": [
"of people"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[drà͜ʊks̪]"
},
{
"audio": "lv-riga-draugs.ogg",
"mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/a/a8/Lv-riga-draugs.ogg/Lv-riga-draugs.ogg.mp3",
"ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a8/Lv-riga-draugs.ogg"
}
],
"word": "draugs"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latvian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.