See cūka in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{ "derived": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0", "word": "cūkgaļa" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0", "word": "cūkas gaļa" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "lv", "2": "bat-pro", "3": "-" }, "expansion": "Proto-Baltic", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "lv", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*kew-" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kew-", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "lv", "2": "-" }, "expansion": "Latvian", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "lt", "2": "Šiauliaĩ" }, "expansion": "Lithuanian Šiauliaĩ", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "lv", "2": "sla" }, "expansion": "Slavic", "name": "bor" }, { "args": { "1": "ru", "2": "су́ка" }, "expansion": "Russian су́ка (súka)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "ru", "2": "чух" }, "expansion": "Russian чух (čux)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "be", "2": "-" }, "expansion": "Belarusian", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "uk", "2": "ацю", "3": "ацю!" }, "expansion": "Ukrainian ацю! (acju!)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "pl", "2": "a ciu", "3": "a ciu!" }, "expansion": "Polish a ciu!", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "lv", "2": "-" }, "expansion": "Latvian", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "lt", "2": "čiùk-čiùk", "3": "čiùk-čiùk!" }, "expansion": "Lithuanian čiùk-čiùk!", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "lt", "2": "-" }, "expansion": "Lithuanian", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "ru", "2": "-" }, "expansion": "Russian", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Proto-Baltic *kyaw-, *kyū-, from a palatalized version (perhaps by onomatopoeia, by imitating this animal's sound) of Proto-Indo-European *kew-, *kū- (“to howl, to shout; cf. kaukt “to howl””). A parallel, non-palatalized version is probably reflected in placenames like Kūkas, perhaps originally a region with many wild boars. An even further palatalized version (where *ky > *ḱ > *š > Latvian s) may have given rise to placenames like Sauka, or, with a different suffix, to placenames in -saule like Jaunsaule, perhaps even to Lithuanian Šiauliaĩ. A different (minoritary) theory derives čūka from an earlier *sūka, borrowed from Slavic (cf. Russian су́ка (súka)); another (minoritary) viewpoint connects cūka to imitative words used to call pigs, like Russian чух (čux)!, чух-чух (čux-čux)!, Belarusian, Ukrainian ацю! (acju!), Polish a ciu!, Latvian čuk-čuk!, Lithuanian čiùk-čiùk!, čiū́k-čiū́k! Cognates include Lithuanian dialectal čiūkà, kūkà, also čiūkùtis, kūkùtis (“piglet”), Russian dialectal чу́ха (čúxa), чухна́ (čuxná, “pig”).", "forms": [ { "form": "declension-4", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "lv-decl-noun", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "4th declension", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "cūka", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "cūkas", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "cūku", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "cūkas", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "cūkas", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "cūku", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "cūkai", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "cūkām", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "cūku", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "singular" ] }, { "form": "cūkām", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "plural" ] }, { "form": "cūkā", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "locative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "cūkās", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "locative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "cūka", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "cūkas", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "vocative" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "lv", "2": "noun", "g": "f", "g2": "", "head": "", "sort": "" }, "expansion": "cūka f", "name": "head" }, { "args": { "1": "f", "2": "4th" }, "expansion": "cūka f (4th declension)", "name": "lv-noun" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cūk", "2": "a", "3": "4th", "extrawidth": "-60" }, "name": "lv-decl-noun" }, { "args": { "1": "cūk", "2": "a", "4": "", "5": "", "6": "", "7": "", "8": "", "drop-v": "", "keep-s": "", "x": "-60" }, "name": "lv-decl-noun-4" }, { "args": { "1": "cūka", "10": "cūkām", "11": "cūkā", "12": "cūkās", "13": "cūka", "14": "cūkas", "16": "", "2": "cūkas", "3": "cūku", "4": "cūkas", "5": "cūkas", "6": "cūku", "7": "cūkai", "8": "cūkām", "9": "cūku", "type": "4th declension", "x": "-60" }, "name": "lv-decl-noun-table" } ], "lang": "Latvian", "lang_code": "lv", "pos": "noun", "related": [ { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0", "word": "kuilis" }, { "_dis1": "0 0 0 0", "word": "sivēns" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "49 5 37 10", "kind": "other", "name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "54 8 33 5", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with 1 entry", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "62 6 28 4", "kind": "other", "name": "Pages with entries", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "41 4 14 41", "kind": "topical", "langcode": "lv", "name": "Card games", "orig": "lv:Card games", "parents": [ "Games", "Recreation", "Human activity", "Human behaviour", "Human", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "57 15 24 5", "kind": "lifeform", "langcode": "lv", "name": "Pigs", "orig": "lv:Pigs", "parents": [ "Even-toed ungulates", "Livestock", "Mammals", "Agriculture", "Animals", "Vertebrates", "Applied sciences", "Lifeforms", "Chordates", "Sciences", "All topics", "Life", "Fundamental", "Nature" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "english": "domestic pig", "text": "mājas cūka", "type": "example" }, { "english": "breeding pig", "text": "vaislas cūka", "type": "example" }, { "english": "wild boar (lit. forest pig)", "text": "meža cūka", "type": "example" }, { "english": "the pig is squeaking, squealing", "text": "cūka kviec, rukšķ", "type": "example" }, { "english": "pig pen, pigsty", "text": "cūku kūts, aizgalds", "type": "example" }, { "english": "pig breed", "text": "cūku šķirnes", "type": "example" }, { "english": "lard (lit. pig fat)", "text": "cūku tauki", "type": "example" }, { "english": "to fatten a pig", "text": "nobarot cūku", "type": "example" }, { "english": "to slaughter a pig", "text": "kaut cūku", "type": "example" }, { "english": "pig meat (= pork)", "text": "cūkas gaļa, cūkgaļa", "type": "example" }, { "english": "the pig greeted him with small squeals", "text": "cūka viņu sagaidīja sīkiem rukšķiem", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "pig (esp. Sus scrofa domesticus)" ], "id": "en-cūka-lv-noun--nfnSBVg", "links": [ [ "pig", "pig" ], [ "Sus scrofa domesticus", "Wikispecies:Sus scrofa domesticus" ] ], "tags": [ "declension-4", "feminine" ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "19 53 26 2", "kind": "lifeform", "langcode": "lv", "name": "Female animals", "orig": "lv:Female animals", "parents": [ "Animals", "Female", "Lifeforms", "Gender", "All topics", "Life", "Biology", "Psychology", "Sociology", "Fundamental", "Nature", "Sciences", "Social sciences", "Society" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "english": "the sow with the piglets", "text": "cūka ar sivēniem", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "female pig, sow" ], "id": "en-cūka-lv-noun-Q78avA5f", "links": [ [ "pig", "pig" ], [ "sow", "sow" ] ], "tags": [ "declension-4", "feminine" ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "37 5 49 9", "kind": "other", "name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "19 16 56 8", "kind": "other", "name": "Latvian words with level intonation", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "41 4 14 41", "kind": "topical", "langcode": "lv", "name": "Card games", "orig": "lv:Card games", "parents": [ "Games", "Recreation", "Human activity", "Human behaviour", "Human", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "25 0 74 2", "kind": "topical", "langcode": "lv", "name": "People", "orig": "lv:People", "parents": [ "Human", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "english": "he was called a pig in the presence of people he knew", "text": "viņu nosauca pazīstamu cilvēku klātbūtnē par cūku", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "pig (a dirty, unhygienic person; also, a villainous man; colloquially also an unattractive female)" ], "id": "en-cūka-lv-noun-KL637g7A", "links": [ [ "pig", "pig" ], [ "dirty", "dirty#English" ], [ "unhygienic", "unhygienic#English" ], [ "person", "person#English" ], [ "villainous", "villainous#English" ], [ "man", "man#English" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(figuratively) pig (a dirty, unhygienic person; also, a villainous man; colloquially also an unattractive female)" ], "tags": [ "declension-4", "feminine", "figuratively" ] }, { "categories": [ { "_dis": "41 4 14 41", "kind": "topical", "langcode": "lv", "name": "Card games", "orig": "lv:Card games", "parents": [ "Games", "Recreation", "Human activity", "Human behaviour", "Human", "All topics", "Fundamental" ], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "examples": [ { "english": "“pigs,” or “fools,” is a card game whose objective it is to get rid of all the cards in one's hands", "text": "“cūkas” jeb “duraki” ir kāršu spēle, kuras mērķis ir atbrīvoties no rokās esošajām kārtīm", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "the name of a certain card game" ], "id": "en-cūka-lv-noun-voJ9mS33", "links": [ [ "name", "name" ], [ "certain", "certain" ], [ "card", "card" ], [ "game", "game" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(only plural) the name of a certain card game" ], "tags": [ "declension-4", "feminine", "plural" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "[tsuːːka]" }, { "audio": "lv-riga-cūka.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/Lv-riga-c%C5%ABka.ogg/Lv-riga-c%C5%ABka.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Lv-riga-c%C5%ABka.ogg" } ], "wikipedia": [ "lv:Mājas cūka" ], "word": "cūka" }
{ "categories": [ "Latvian entries with incorrect language header", "Latvian etymologies from LEV", "Latvian feminine nouns", "Latvian fourth declension nouns", "Latvian lemmas", "Latvian nouns", "Latvian terms borrowed from Slavic languages", "Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic", "Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European", "Latvian terms derived from Slavic languages", "Latvian words with level intonation", "Pages with 1 entry", "Pages with entries", "lv:Card games", "lv:Female animals", "lv:People", "lv:Pigs" ], "derived": [ { "word": "cūkgaļa" }, { "word": "cūkas gaļa" } ], "etymology_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "lv", "2": "bat-pro", "3": "-" }, "expansion": "Proto-Baltic", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "lv", "2": "ine-pro", "3": "*kew-" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *kew-", "name": "der" }, { "args": { "1": "lv", "2": "-" }, "expansion": "Latvian", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "lt", "2": "Šiauliaĩ" }, "expansion": "Lithuanian Šiauliaĩ", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "lv", "2": "sla" }, "expansion": "Slavic", "name": "bor" }, { "args": { "1": "ru", "2": "су́ка" }, "expansion": "Russian су́ка (súka)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "ru", "2": "чух" }, "expansion": "Russian чух (čux)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "be", "2": "-" }, "expansion": "Belarusian", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "uk", "2": "ацю", "3": "ацю!" }, "expansion": "Ukrainian ацю! (acju!)", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "pl", "2": "a ciu", "3": "a ciu!" }, "expansion": "Polish a ciu!", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "lv", "2": "-" }, "expansion": "Latvian", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "lt", "2": "čiùk-čiùk", "3": "čiùk-čiùk!" }, "expansion": "Lithuanian čiùk-čiùk!", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "lt", "2": "-" }, "expansion": "Lithuanian", "name": "cog" }, { "args": { "1": "ru", "2": "-" }, "expansion": "Russian", "name": "cog" } ], "etymology_text": "From Proto-Baltic *kyaw-, *kyū-, from a palatalized version (perhaps by onomatopoeia, by imitating this animal's sound) of Proto-Indo-European *kew-, *kū- (“to howl, to shout; cf. kaukt “to howl””). A parallel, non-palatalized version is probably reflected in placenames like Kūkas, perhaps originally a region with many wild boars. An even further palatalized version (where *ky > *ḱ > *š > Latvian s) may have given rise to placenames like Sauka, or, with a different suffix, to placenames in -saule like Jaunsaule, perhaps even to Lithuanian Šiauliaĩ. A different (minoritary) theory derives čūka from an earlier *sūka, borrowed from Slavic (cf. Russian су́ка (súka)); another (minoritary) viewpoint connects cūka to imitative words used to call pigs, like Russian чух (čux)!, чух-чух (čux-čux)!, Belarusian, Ukrainian ацю! (acju!), Polish a ciu!, Latvian čuk-čuk!, Lithuanian čiùk-čiùk!, čiū́k-čiū́k! Cognates include Lithuanian dialectal čiūkà, kūkà, also čiūkùtis, kūkùtis (“piglet”), Russian dialectal чу́ха (čúxa), чухна́ (čuxná, “pig”).", "forms": [ { "form": "declension-4", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "lv-decl-noun", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "4th declension", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "class" ] }, { "form": "cūka", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "cūkas", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "cūku", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "cūkas", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "cūkas", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "cūku", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "cūkai", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "cūkām", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "cūku", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "singular" ] }, { "form": "cūkām", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "instrumental", "plural" ] }, { "form": "cūkā", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "locative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "cūkās", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "locative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "cūka", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "cūkas", "source": "declension", "tags": [ "plural", "vocative" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "lv", "2": "noun", "g": "f", "g2": "", "head": "", "sort": "" }, "expansion": "cūka f", "name": "head" }, { "args": { "1": "f", "2": "4th" }, "expansion": "cūka f (4th declension)", "name": "lv-noun" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cūk", "2": "a", "3": "4th", "extrawidth": "-60" }, "name": "lv-decl-noun" }, { "args": { "1": "cūk", "2": "a", "4": "", "5": "", "6": "", "7": "", "8": "", "drop-v": "", "keep-s": "", "x": "-60" }, "name": "lv-decl-noun-4" }, { "args": { "1": "cūka", "10": "cūkām", "11": "cūkā", "12": "cūkās", "13": "cūka", "14": "cūkas", "16": "", "2": "cūkas", "3": "cūku", "4": "cūkas", "5": "cūkas", "6": "cūku", "7": "cūkai", "8": "cūkām", "9": "cūku", "type": "4th declension", "x": "-60" }, "name": "lv-decl-noun-table" } ], "lang": "Latvian", "lang_code": "lv", "pos": "noun", "related": [ { "word": "kuilis" }, { "word": "sivēns" } ], "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Entries using missing taxonomic name (subspecies)", "Latvian terms with usage examples" ], "examples": [ { "english": "domestic pig", "text": "mājas cūka", "type": "example" }, { "english": "breeding pig", "text": "vaislas cūka", "type": "example" }, { "english": "wild boar (lit. forest pig)", "text": "meža cūka", "type": "example" }, { "english": "the pig is squeaking, squealing", "text": "cūka kviec, rukšķ", "type": "example" }, { "english": "pig pen, pigsty", "text": "cūku kūts, aizgalds", "type": "example" }, { "english": "pig breed", "text": "cūku šķirnes", "type": "example" }, { "english": "lard (lit. pig fat)", "text": "cūku tauki", "type": "example" }, { "english": "to fatten a pig", "text": "nobarot cūku", "type": "example" }, { "english": "to slaughter a pig", "text": "kaut cūku", "type": "example" }, { "english": "pig meat (= pork)", "text": "cūkas gaļa, cūkgaļa", "type": "example" }, { "english": "the pig greeted him with small squeals", "text": "cūka viņu sagaidīja sīkiem rukšķiem", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "pig (esp. Sus scrofa domesticus)" ], "links": [ [ "pig", "pig" ], [ "Sus scrofa domesticus", "Wikispecies:Sus scrofa domesticus" ] ], "tags": [ "declension-4", "feminine" ] }, { "categories": [ "Latvian terms with usage examples" ], "examples": [ { "english": "the sow with the piglets", "text": "cūka ar sivēniem", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "female pig, sow" ], "links": [ [ "pig", "pig" ], [ "sow", "sow" ] ], "tags": [ "declension-4", "feminine" ] }, { "categories": [ "Latvian terms with usage examples" ], "examples": [ { "english": "he was called a pig in the presence of people he knew", "text": "viņu nosauca pazīstamu cilvēku klātbūtnē par cūku", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "pig (a dirty, unhygienic person; also, a villainous man; colloquially also an unattractive female)" ], "links": [ [ "pig", "pig" ], [ "dirty", "dirty#English" ], [ "unhygienic", "unhygienic#English" ], [ "person", "person#English" ], [ "villainous", "villainous#English" ], [ "man", "man#English" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(figuratively) pig (a dirty, unhygienic person; also, a villainous man; colloquially also an unattractive female)" ], "tags": [ "declension-4", "feminine", "figuratively" ] }, { "categories": [ "Latvian terms with usage examples" ], "examples": [ { "english": "“pigs,” or “fools,” is a card game whose objective it is to get rid of all the cards in one's hands", "text": "“cūkas” jeb “duraki” ir kāršu spēle, kuras mērķis ir atbrīvoties no rokās esošajām kārtīm", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "the name of a certain card game" ], "links": [ [ "name", "name" ], [ "certain", "certain" ], [ "card", "card" ], [ "game", "game" ] ], "raw_glosses": [ "(only plural) the name of a certain card game" ], "tags": [ "declension-4", "feminine", "plural" ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "[tsuːːka]" }, { "audio": "lv-riga-cūka.ogg", "mp3_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/transcoded/9/90/Lv-riga-c%C5%ABka.ogg/Lv-riga-c%C5%ABka.ogg.mp3", "ogg_url": "https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/9/90/Lv-riga-c%C5%ABka.ogg" } ], "wikipedia": [ "lv:Mājas cūka" ], "word": "cūka" }
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latvian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.