"bura" meaning in Latvian

See bura in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Etymology: Cognate to Lithuanian bùrė (“sail”). Ultimately perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bew-, *bʰew- (“to swell”) (whence also bozt) with a suffix -rā- whence Proto-Baltic *burā- whence the Latvian term with the initial meaning of “that which inflates”. It is possible that the Lithuanian term is a borrowing from Latvian (Nieminen, Fraenkel). Of the same origin are the dialectal terms būra, būris (“crowd”), compare Lithuanian būrỹs (“crowd”), Sanskrit भूरि (bhū́ri, “plentiful; numerous”). [The usual meaning of būris (“cage”) is unrelated, this is a borrowing from Middle Low German.] A different opinion (Pokorny, Endzelīns) is that this term is to be linked with Ancient Greek φᾶρος (phâros), later form φάρος (pháros, “fabric, canvas”) from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to weave”) or, according to a different opinion (Mikola, Nieminen, Fraenkel), the term is borrowed from Livonian pūŗaz (< *purri), compare Finnish purje (“id.”) However, no forms with p- have been recorded in Latvian dialects. This term was introduced in the literary language (from some dialect) during the 1870s by K. Valdemārs, before that the typical term for a sail was zēģele, from Middle Dutch zegel or Middle Low German segel (“sail”). Karulis assumes that bura must have been a Curonian word noting similarities with the Kursenieki (Latvian language enclaves around the Curonian Lagoon, former East Prussia) terms bur(-a) and burpils “crooked or hollowed out piece of wood for sprinkling sails with water”, where -pils from pilt “to bail (i.e., scoop water)”. Etymology templates: {{cog|lt|bùrė|t=sail}} Lithuanian bùrė (“sail”), {{inh|lv|ine-pro|*bew-}} Proto-Indo-European *bew-, {{m|ine-pro|*bʰew-|t=to swell}} *bʰew- (“to swell”), {{m|lv|bozt}} bozt, {{inh|lv|bat-pro|*burā-}} Proto-Baltic *burā-, {{m|lv|būra, būris||crowd}} būra, būris (“crowd”), {{cog|lt|būrỹs|t=crowd}} Lithuanian būrỹs (“crowd”), {{cog|sa|भूरि|t=plentiful; numerous|tr=bhū́ri}} Sanskrit भूरि (bhū́ri, “plentiful; numerous”), {{m|lv|būris||cage}} būris (“cage”), {{cog|grc|φᾶρος}} Ancient Greek φᾶρος (phâros), {{m|grc|φάρος|t=fabric, canvas}} φάρος (pháros, “fabric, canvas”), {{inh|lv|ine-pro|*bʰer-|t=to weave}} Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to weave”), {{bor|lv|liv|pūŗaz}} Livonian pūŗaz, {{m|urj-fin-pro|*purri}} *purri, {{cog|fi|purje|t=id.}} Finnish purje (“id.”), {{m|lv|zēģele}} zēģele, {{m|dum|zegel}} zegel, {{m|gml|segel|t=sail}} segel (“sail”) Head templates: {{head|lv|noun|g=f|g2=|head=|sort=}} bura f, {{lv-noun|f|4th}} bura f (4th declension) Inflection templates: {{lv-decl-noun|bur|a|4th|extrawidth=-60}}, {{lv-decl-noun-4|bur|a|4=|5=|6=|7=|8=|drop-v=|keep-s=|x=-60}}, {{lv-decl-noun-table|bura|buras|buru|buras|buras|buru|burai|burām|buru|burām|burā|burās|bura|buras|16=|type=4th declension|x=-60}} Forms: declension-4 [table-tags], bura [nominative, singular], buras [nominative, plural], buru [accusative, singular], buras [accusative, plural], buras [genitive, singular], buru [genitive, plural], burai [dative, singular], burām [dative, plural], buru [instrumental, singular], burām [instrumental, plural], burā [locative, singular], burās [locative, plural], bura [singular, vocative], buras [plural, vocative]
  1. sail Tags: declension-4, feminine
    Sense id: en-bura-lv-noun-0DUKYGTe Categories (other): Latvian entries with incorrect language header, Latvian etymologies from LEV, Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations

Download JSON data for bura meaning in Latvian (6.3kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "bùrė",
        "t": "sail"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian bùrė (“sail”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bew-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bew-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*bʰew-",
        "t": "to swell"
      },
      "expansion": "*bʰew- (“to swell”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bozt"
      },
      "expansion": "bozt",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bat-pro",
        "3": "*burā-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Baltic *burā-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "būra, būris",
        "3": "",
        "4": "crowd"
      },
      "expansion": "būra, būris (“crowd”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "būrỹs",
        "t": "crowd"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian būrỹs (“crowd”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "भूरि",
        "t": "plentiful; numerous",
        "tr": "bhū́ri"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit भूरि (bhū́ri, “plentiful; numerous”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "būris",
        "3": "",
        "4": "cage"
      },
      "expansion": "būris (“cage”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "φᾶρος"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek φᾶρος (phâros)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "φάρος",
        "t": "fabric, canvas"
      },
      "expansion": "φάρος (pháros, “fabric, canvas”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰer-",
        "t": "to weave"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to weave”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "liv",
        "3": "pūŗaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Livonian pūŗaz",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "*purri"
      },
      "expansion": "*purri",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "purje",
        "t": "id."
      },
      "expansion": "Finnish purje (“id.”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "zēģele"
      },
      "expansion": "zēģele",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "zegel"
      },
      "expansion": "zegel",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "segel",
        "t": "sail"
      },
      "expansion": "segel (“sail”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Cognate to Lithuanian bùrė (“sail”). Ultimately perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bew-, *bʰew- (“to swell”) (whence also bozt) with a suffix -rā- whence Proto-Baltic *burā- whence the Latvian term with the initial meaning of “that which inflates”. It is possible that the Lithuanian term is a borrowing from Latvian (Nieminen, Fraenkel). Of the same origin are the dialectal terms būra, būris (“crowd”), compare Lithuanian būrỹs (“crowd”), Sanskrit भूरि (bhū́ri, “plentiful; numerous”). [The usual meaning of būris (“cage”) is unrelated, this is a borrowing from Middle Low German.]\nA different opinion (Pokorny, Endzelīns) is that this term is to be linked with Ancient Greek φᾶρος (phâros), later form φάρος (pháros, “fabric, canvas”) from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to weave”) or, according to a different opinion (Mikola, Nieminen, Fraenkel), the term is borrowed from Livonian pūŗaz (< *purri), compare Finnish purje (“id.”) However, no forms with p- have been recorded in Latvian dialects.\nThis term was introduced in the literary language (from some dialect) during the 1870s by K. Valdemārs, before that the typical term for a sail was zēģele, from Middle Dutch zegel or Middle Low German segel (“sail”). Karulis assumes that bura must have been a Curonian word noting similarities with the Kursenieki (Latvian language enclaves around the Curonian Lagoon, former East Prussia) terms bur(-a) and burpils “crooked or hollowed out piece of wood for sprinkling sails with water”, where -pils from pilt “to bail (i.e., scoop water)”.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "declension-4",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lv-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "4th declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bura",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buras",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buru",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buras",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buras",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buru",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "burai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "burām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buru",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "burām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "burā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "burās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bura",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buras",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "bura f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "4th"
      },
      "expansion": "bura f (4th declension)",
      "name": "lv-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bur",
        "2": "a",
        "3": "4th",
        "extrawidth": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bur",
        "2": "a",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "drop-v": "",
        "keep-s": "",
        "x": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-4"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bura",
        "10": "burām",
        "11": "burā",
        "12": "burās",
        "13": "bura",
        "14": "buras",
        "16": "",
        "2": "buras",
        "3": "buru",
        "4": "buras",
        "5": "buras",
        "6": "buru",
        "7": "burai",
        "8": "burām",
        "9": "buru",
        "type": "4th declension",
        "x": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sail"
      ],
      "id": "en-bura-lv-noun-0DUKYGTe",
      "links": [
        [
          "sail",
          "sail"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-4",
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "[bura]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bura"
}

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "bùrė",
        "t": "sail"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian bùrė (“sail”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bew-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bew-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*bʰew-",
        "t": "to swell"
      },
      "expansion": "*bʰew- (“to swell”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bozt"
      },
      "expansion": "bozt",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "bat-pro",
        "3": "*burā-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Baltic *burā-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "būra, būris",
        "3": "",
        "4": "crowd"
      },
      "expansion": "būra, būris (“crowd”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "būrỹs",
        "t": "crowd"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian būrỹs (“crowd”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "भूरि",
        "t": "plentiful; numerous",
        "tr": "bhū́ri"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit भूरि (bhū́ri, “plentiful; numerous”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "būris",
        "3": "",
        "4": "cage"
      },
      "expansion": "būris (“cage”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "φᾶρος"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek φᾶρος (phâros)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "φάρος",
        "t": "fabric, canvas"
      },
      "expansion": "φάρος (pháros, “fabric, canvas”)",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*bʰer-",
        "t": "to weave"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to weave”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "liv",
        "3": "pūŗaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Livonian pūŗaz",
      "name": "bor"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "urj-fin-pro",
        "2": "*purri"
      },
      "expansion": "*purri",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fi",
        "2": "purje",
        "t": "id."
      },
      "expansion": "Finnish purje (“id.”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "zēģele"
      },
      "expansion": "zēģele",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "dum",
        "2": "zegel"
      },
      "expansion": "zegel",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gml",
        "2": "segel",
        "t": "sail"
      },
      "expansion": "segel (“sail”)",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Cognate to Lithuanian bùrė (“sail”). Ultimately perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *bew-, *bʰew- (“to swell”) (whence also bozt) with a suffix -rā- whence Proto-Baltic *burā- whence the Latvian term with the initial meaning of “that which inflates”. It is possible that the Lithuanian term is a borrowing from Latvian (Nieminen, Fraenkel). Of the same origin are the dialectal terms būra, būris (“crowd”), compare Lithuanian būrỹs (“crowd”), Sanskrit भूरि (bhū́ri, “plentiful; numerous”). [The usual meaning of būris (“cage”) is unrelated, this is a borrowing from Middle Low German.]\nA different opinion (Pokorny, Endzelīns) is that this term is to be linked with Ancient Greek φᾶρος (phâros), later form φάρος (pháros, “fabric, canvas”) from Proto-Indo-European *bʰer- (“to weave”) or, according to a different opinion (Mikola, Nieminen, Fraenkel), the term is borrowed from Livonian pūŗaz (< *purri), compare Finnish purje (“id.”) However, no forms with p- have been recorded in Latvian dialects.\nThis term was introduced in the literary language (from some dialect) during the 1870s by K. Valdemārs, before that the typical term for a sail was zēģele, from Middle Dutch zegel or Middle Low German segel (“sail”). Karulis assumes that bura must have been a Curonian word noting similarities with the Kursenieki (Latvian language enclaves around the Curonian Lagoon, former East Prussia) terms bur(-a) and burpils “crooked or hollowed out piece of wood for sprinkling sails with water”, where -pils from pilt “to bail (i.e., scoop water)”.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "declension-4",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lv-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "4th declension",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bura",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buras",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buru",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buras",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buras",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buru",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "burai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "burām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buru",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "burām",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "burā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "burās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "locative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "bura",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "buras",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lv",
        "2": "noun",
        "g": "f",
        "g2": "",
        "head": "",
        "sort": ""
      },
      "expansion": "bura f",
      "name": "head"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "f",
        "2": "4th"
      },
      "expansion": "bura f (4th declension)",
      "name": "lv-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bur",
        "2": "a",
        "3": "4th",
        "extrawidth": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bur",
        "2": "a",
        "4": "",
        "5": "",
        "6": "",
        "7": "",
        "8": "",
        "drop-v": "",
        "keep-s": "",
        "x": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-4"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "bura",
        "10": "burām",
        "11": "burā",
        "12": "burās",
        "13": "bura",
        "14": "buras",
        "16": "",
        "2": "buras",
        "3": "buru",
        "4": "buras",
        "5": "buras",
        "6": "buru",
        "7": "burai",
        "8": "burām",
        "9": "buru",
        "type": "4th declension",
        "x": "-60"
      },
      "name": "lv-decl-noun-table"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latvian",
  "lang_code": "lv",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latvian entries with incorrect language header",
        "Latvian etymologies from LEV",
        "Latvian feminine nouns",
        "Latvian fourth declension nouns",
        "Latvian lemmas",
        "Latvian nouns",
        "Latvian terms borrowed from Livonian",
        "Latvian terms derived from Livonian",
        "Latvian terms derived from Proto-Baltic",
        "Latvian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Latvian terms inherited from Proto-Baltic",
        "Latvian terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Latvian terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Requests for audio pronunciation in Latvian entries",
        "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sail"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sail",
          "sail"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-4",
        "feminine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "[bura]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "bura"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latvian dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.