See troppus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "From feminine *truppa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "trope",
"3": "trupe"
},
"expansion": "Old French: trope, trupe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: trope, trupe"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "troupe"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: troupe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: troupe"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "troupe"
},
"expansion": "French: troupe",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "French: troupe (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Iberian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "tropa"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: tropa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: tropa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "tropa"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: tropa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: tropa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "atropar"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: atropar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: atropar"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "tropa"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: tropa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: tropa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "tropa"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: tropa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: tropa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "tropa"
},
"expansion": "Galician: tropa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: tropa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "tropa"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: tropa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: tropa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "truppa"
},
"expansion": "Italian: truppa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: truppa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "tropa"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: tropa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: tropa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "tropa"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: tropa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: tropa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "tropa"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: tropa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: tropa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "truppa"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: truppa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: truppa"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "From masculine *troppus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*troppus",
"der": "1",
"pos": "adv",
"t": "too (much)"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *troppus (“too (much)”, adverb)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *troppus (“too (much)”, adverb)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "trop"
},
"expansion": "Old French: trop, trope, tro\nMiddle French: trop\nFrench: trop\nNorman: trop\nPicard: trôp, (Athois)\nWalloon: trop (Forrières), trop (Liégeois)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: trop, trope, tro\nMiddle French: trop\nFrench: trop\nNorman: trop\nPicard: trôp, (Athois)\nWalloon: trop (Forrières), trop (Liégeois)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "trop",
"3": "tro"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: trop, tro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: trop, tro"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "tròp"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: tròp",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: tròp"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "troppu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: troppu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: troppu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*troppellus",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *troppellus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *troppellus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "tropel"
},
"expansion": "Old French: tropel\nMiddle French: troupel, troupeau\nFrench: troupeau\nPicard: troupiaû, troupiô (Athois)\nWalloon: troupia (Charleroi), tropê (Forrières)\n→ Middle English: tropel\n→ Old Galician-Portuguese: tropel\nGalician: tropel",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: tropel\nMiddle French: troupel, troupeau\nFrench: troupeau\nPicard: troupiaû, troupiô (Athois)\nWalloon: troupia (Charleroi), tropê (Forrières)\n→ Middle English: tropel\n→ Old Galician-Portuguese: tropel\nGalician: tropel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "tropel"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: tropel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: tropel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "tropell"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: tropell",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: tropell"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "tropèl"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: tropèl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: tropèl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "tropel"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: tropel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: tropel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "tropel"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: tropel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: tropel"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*þorp"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *þorp",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þurpą",
"t": "group, crowd, village"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurpą (“group, crowd, village”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þruppaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þruppaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "trabs"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of trabs",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Frankish *þorp, from Proto-Germanic *þurpą (“group, crowd, village”) or Proto-Germanic *þruppaz, *þrubą (“cluster”). Doublet of trabs.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "troppī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "troppus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "troppī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "troppī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "troppōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "troppō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "troppīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "troppum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "troppōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "troppō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "troppīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "troppe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "troppī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "troppus<2>"
},
"expansion": "troppus m (genitive troppī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "EML."
},
"expansion": "(Early Medieval Latin)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "troppus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Early Medieval Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Medieval Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"herd, flock"
],
"id": "en-troppus-la-noun--RMY3F1q",
"links": [
[
"herd",
"herd"
],
[
"flock",
"flock"
]
],
"tags": [
"Early",
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-2",
"masculine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtrop.pus/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪rɔpːʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtrop.pus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪rɔpːus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "troppus"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "From feminine *truppa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "trope",
"3": "trupe"
},
"expansion": "Old French: trope, trupe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: trope, trupe"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "troupe"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: troupe",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: troupe"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "troupe"
},
"expansion": "French: troupe",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "French: troupe (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Iberian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "tropa"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: tropa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: tropa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "tropa"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: tropa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: tropa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "atropar"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: atropar",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: atropar"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "tropa"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: tropa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: tropa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "tropa"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: tropa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: tropa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "tropa"
},
"expansion": "Galician: tropa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: tropa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "tropa"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: tropa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: tropa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "truppa"
},
"expansion": "Italian: truppa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: truppa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "tropa"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: tropa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: tropa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "tropa"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: tropa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: tropa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "tropa"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: tropa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: tropa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "truppa"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: truppa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: truppa"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "From masculine *troppus"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*troppus",
"der": "1",
"pos": "adv",
"t": "too (much)"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *troppus (“too (much)”, adverb)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *troppus (“too (much)”, adverb)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "trop"
},
"expansion": "Old French: trop, trope, tro\nMiddle French: trop\nFrench: trop\nNorman: trop\nPicard: trôp, (Athois)\nWalloon: trop (Forrières), trop (Liégeois)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: trop, trope, tro\nMiddle French: trop\nFrench: trop\nNorman: trop\nPicard: trôp, (Athois)\nWalloon: trop (Forrières), trop (Liégeois)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "trop",
"3": "tro"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: trop, tro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: trop, tro"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "tròp"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: tròp",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: tròp"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "troppu"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: troppu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: troppu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*troppellus",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *troppellus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *troppellus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "tropel"
},
"expansion": "Old French: tropel\nMiddle French: troupel, troupeau\nFrench: troupeau\nPicard: troupiaû, troupiô (Athois)\nWalloon: troupia (Charleroi), tropê (Forrières)\n→ Middle English: tropel\n→ Old Galician-Portuguese: tropel\nGalician: tropel",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: tropel\nMiddle French: troupel, troupeau\nFrench: troupeau\nPicard: troupiaû, troupiô (Athois)\nWalloon: troupia (Charleroi), tropê (Forrières)\n→ Middle English: tropel\n→ Old Galician-Portuguese: tropel\nGalician: tropel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "tropel"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan: tropel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan: tropel"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "tropell"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: tropell",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: tropell"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "tropèl"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: tropèl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: tropèl"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "tropel"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: tropel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: tropel"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "tropel"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: tropel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: tropel"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "frk",
"3": "*þorp"
},
"expansion": "Frankish *þorp",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þurpą",
"t": "group, crowd, village"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þurpą (“group, crowd, village”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "gem-pro",
"3": "*þruppaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *þruppaz",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "trabs"
},
"expansion": "Doublet of trabs",
"name": "dbt"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Borrowed from Frankish *þorp, from Proto-Germanic *þurpą (“group, crowd, village”) or Proto-Germanic *þruppaz, *þrubą (“cluster”). Doublet of trabs.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "troppī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "troppus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "troppī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "troppī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "troppōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "troppō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "troppīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "troppum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "troppōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "troppō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "troppīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "troppe",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "troppī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "troppus<2>"
},
"expansion": "troppus m (genitive troppī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "EML."
},
"expansion": "(Early Medieval Latin)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "troppus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Early Medieval Latin",
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin doublets",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin nouns with red links in their inflection tables",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms borrowed from Frankish",
"Latin terms derived from Frankish",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Medieval Latin",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"glosses": [
"herd, flock"
],
"links": [
[
"herd",
"herd"
],
[
"flock",
"flock"
]
],
"tags": [
"Early",
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-2",
"masculine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtrop.pus/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪rɔpːʊs̠]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈtrop.pus/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈt̪rɔpːus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "troppus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for troppus meaning in Latin (8.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (32c88e6 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.