See toppus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
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"2": ":bor",
"3": "frk:*topp<t:summit, top>",
"text": "+",
"title": "*toppus",
"tree": "1"
},
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"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *tuppaz\nFrankish *toppbor.\nLatin *toppus\nBorrowed from Frankish *topp (“summit, top”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "toppum",
"tags": [
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{
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},
{
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"tags": [
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{
"form": "/ˈtoppos/",
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"tags": [
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "/ˈtoppi/",
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"tags": [
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "/ˈtoppu/",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"singular"
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},
{
"form": "/ˈtoppos/",
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}
],
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{
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"2": "PIWR"
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"expansion": "(Proto-Italo-Western-Romance)",
"name": "tlb"
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],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Latin/toppus",
"pos": "noun",
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"name": "Latin entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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{
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"name": "Latin entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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{
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"parents": [],
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{
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"parents": [],
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{
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"parents": [],
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{
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{
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"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Italo-Western-Romance",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
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],
"glosses": [
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],
"id": "en-toppus-la-noun-O9OFZz-K",
"links": [
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],
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"tags": [
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"declension-2",
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{
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{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "frk:*topp<t:summit, top>",
"text": "+",
"title": "*toppus",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *tuppaz\nFrankish *toppbor.\nLatin *toppus\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"summit, top\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"top\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Germanic\", \"term\" : \"*tuppaz\", \"lang\" : \"gem-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Frankish\", \"term\" : \"*topp\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"frk\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"*toppus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"*toppus\">\nBorrowed from Frankish *topp (“summit, top”).",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Germanic *tuppaz\nFrankish *toppbor.\nLatin *toppus\nBorrowed from Frankish *topp (“summit, top”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "toppum",
"tags": [
"oblique"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
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"tags": [
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{
"form": "/ˈtoppos/",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "/ˈtoppi/",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "/ˈtoppu/",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
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"singular"
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},
{
"form": "/ˈtoppos/",
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"plural"
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}
],
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"name": "la-noun"
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{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "PIWR"
},
"expansion": "(Proto-Italo-Western-Romance)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Latin/toppus",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with etymology texts",
"Latin entries with etymology trees",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms borrowed from Frankish",
"Latin terms derived from Frankish",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Germanic",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Proto-Italo-Western-Romance"
],
"glosses": [
"summit, top"
],
"links": [
[
"summit",
"summit"
],
[
"top",
"top"
]
],
"tags": [
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"declension-2",
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtoppos/"
}
],
"word": "toppus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for toppus meaning in Latin (14.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-09 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.