See squalus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "escualu"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "esqual"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "squale"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "escalo"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "escallo"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "squalo"
},
{
"lang": "Ligurian",
"lang_code": "lij",
"word": "squæo"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "esqualo"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "escalo"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "escalho"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "escalheiro"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "scal"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "squagl"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "escualo"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*(s)kʷálos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)kʷálos"
],
[
"sheatfish",
"sheatfish"
],
[
"ἄσπαλος",
"ἄσπαλος#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀",
"𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀#Avestan"
],
[
"kalis",
"kalis#Old_Prussian"
],
[
"hwæl",
"hwæl#Old_English"
],
[
"whale",
"whale#English"
],
[
"squāma",
"squama#Latin"
],
[
"squālus",
"squalus#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "shark"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kʷálos",
"t": "sheatfish"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷálos (“sheatfish”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἄσπαλος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἄσπαλος (áspalos)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀",
"t": "kind of fish"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀 (kara, “kind of fish”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "kalis"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian kalis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hwæl",
"3": "",
"4": "whale"
},
"expansion": "Old English hwæl (“whale”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "squāma",
"t": "scale"
},
"expansion": "Latin squāma (“scale”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain.\n* Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷálos (“sheatfish”), cognate with Ancient Greek ἄσπαλος (áspalos), Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀 (kara, “kind of fish”), Old Prussian kalis, and Old English hwæl (“whale”); more information at whale.\n* De Vaan suggests that it might be related to Latin squāma (“scale”). De Vaan proposes that the term came to refer to a species of fish based on its scales. If this theory is accepted, the term must be pronounced as squālus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "squalī",
"links": [
[
"squalī",
"squali"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "squalus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squalī",
"links": [
[
"squalī",
"squali#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squalī",
"links": [
[
"squalī",
"squali#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squalōrum",
"links": [
[
"squalōrum",
"squalorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squalō",
"links": [
[
"squalō",
"squalo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squalīs",
"links": [
[
"squalīs",
"squalis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squalum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squalōs",
"links": [
[
"squalōs",
"squalos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squalō",
"links": [
[
"squalō",
"squalo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squalīs",
"links": [
[
"squalīs",
"squalis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "squalī",
"links": [
[
"squalī",
"squali#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "squatus",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "squalus<2>"
},
"expansion": "squalus m (genitive squalī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "squalus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "2 98",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 99",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 99",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Fish",
"orig": "la:Fish",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "23 CE – 79 CE, Plinius Maior, Historia Naturalis 9.42",
"text": "planorum piscium alterum est genus, quod pro spina cartilaginem habet, ut raiae, pastinacae, squatinae, torpedo et quos bovis, lamiae, aquilae, ranae nominibus graeci appellant. quo in numero sunt squali quoque, quamvis non plani. haec graece in universum σελάχη appellavit aristoteles primus hoc nomine iis inposito. nos distinguere non possumus, nisi si cartilaginea appellare libeat. omnia autem carnivora sunt talia et supina vescuntur, ut in delphinis diximus, et cum ceteri pisces ova pariant, hoc genus solum, ut ea quae cete appellant, animal parit, excepta quam ranam vocant.",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a kind of large sea fish, thought to be a shark"
],
"id": "en-squalus-la-noun-oZLz~UpV",
"links": [
[
"sea fish",
"sea fish"
],
[
"shark",
"shark"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈskʷa.ɫʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈskʷaː.lus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈskʷaː.ɫʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈskʷaː.lus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "squalus"
}
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"squāma",
"squama#Latin"
],
[
"cālīgō",
"caligo#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "squalor"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly related to squāma (“scale”), of unknown origin. In the sense of dirty, unkempt, this word has traditionally been associated with the cognates listed at cālīgō (“darkness, mist”), although these associations are tenuous.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "squālus",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "squālus",
"links": [
[
"squālus",
"squalus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squāla",
"links": [
[
"squāla",
"squala#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālum",
"links": [
[
"squālum",
"squalum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālī",
"links": [
[
"squālī",
"squali#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squālae",
"links": [
[
"squālae",
"squalae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squāla",
"links": [
[
"squāla",
"squala#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squālī",
"links": [
[
"squālī",
"squali#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālae",
"links": [
[
"squālae",
"squalae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālī",
"links": [
[
"squālī",
"squali#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālōrum",
"links": [
[
"squālōrum",
"squalorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squālārum",
"links": [
[
"squālārum",
"squalarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squālōrum",
"links": [
[
"squālōrum",
"squalorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squālō",
"links": [
[
"squālō",
"squalo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālae",
"links": [
[
"squālae",
"squalae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālō",
"links": [
[
"squālō",
"squalo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālīs",
"links": [
[
"squālīs",
"squalis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squālum",
"links": [
[
"squālum",
"squalum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālam",
"links": [
[
"squālam",
"squalam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālum",
"links": [
[
"squālum",
"squalum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālōs",
"links": [
[
"squālōs",
"squalos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squālās",
"links": [
[
"squālās",
"squalas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squāla",
"links": [
[
"squāla",
"squala#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squālō",
"links": [
[
"squālō",
"squalo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālā",
"links": [
[
"squālā",
"squala#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālō",
"links": [
[
"squālō",
"squalo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālīs",
"links": [
[
"squālīs",
"squalis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squāle",
"links": [
[
"squāle",
"squale#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "squāla",
"links": [
[
"squāla",
"squala#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "squālum",
"links": [
[
"squālum",
"squalum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "squālī",
"links": [
[
"squālī",
"squali#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "squālae",
"links": [
[
"squālae",
"squalae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "squāla",
"links": [
[
"squāla",
"squala#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "adjective",
"head": "squālus"
},
"expansion": "squālus",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "squālus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "squālor"
},
{
"word": "squāleō"
},
{
"word": "squālidus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"unkempt, dirty"
],
"id": "en-squalus-la-adj-Uz0palxx",
"links": [
[
"unkempt",
"unkempt"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈskʷaː.ɫʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈskʷaː.lus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "squalus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin adjectives",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Fish"
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "escualu"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "esqual"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "squale"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "escalo"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "escallo"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "squalo"
},
{
"lang": "Ligurian",
"lang_code": "lij",
"word": "squæo"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "esqualo"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "escalo"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "escalho"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "escalheiro"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "scal"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "squagl"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "escualo"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*(s)kʷálos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)kʷálos"
],
[
"sheatfish",
"sheatfish"
],
[
"ἄσπαλος",
"ἄσπαλος#Ancient_Greek"
],
[
"𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀",
"𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀#Avestan"
],
[
"kalis",
"kalis#Old_Prussian"
],
[
"hwæl",
"hwæl#Old_English"
],
[
"whale",
"whale#English"
],
[
"squāma",
"squama#Latin"
],
[
"squālus",
"squalus#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "shark"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)kʷálos",
"t": "sheatfish"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷálos (“sheatfish”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ἄσπαλος"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ἄσπαλος (áspalos)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀",
"t": "kind of fish"
},
"expansion": "Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀 (kara, “kind of fish”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "prg",
"2": "kalis"
},
"expansion": "Old Prussian kalis",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hwæl",
"3": "",
"4": "whale"
},
"expansion": "Old English hwæl (“whale”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "squāma",
"t": "scale"
},
"expansion": "Latin squāma (“scale”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain.\n* Perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *(s)kʷálos (“sheatfish”), cognate with Ancient Greek ἄσπαλος (áspalos), Avestan 𐬐𐬀𐬭𐬀 (kara, “kind of fish”), Old Prussian kalis, and Old English hwæl (“whale”); more information at whale.\n* De Vaan suggests that it might be related to Latin squāma (“scale”). De Vaan proposes that the term came to refer to a species of fish based on its scales. If this theory is accepted, the term must be pronounced as squālus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "squalī",
"links": [
[
"squalī",
"squali"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "squalus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squalī",
"links": [
[
"squalī",
"squali#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squalī",
"links": [
[
"squalī",
"squali#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squalōrum",
"links": [
[
"squalōrum",
"squalorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squalō",
"links": [
[
"squalō",
"squalo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squalīs",
"links": [
[
"squalīs",
"squalis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squalum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squalōs",
"links": [
[
"squalōs",
"squalos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squalō",
"links": [
[
"squalō",
"squalo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squalīs",
"links": [
[
"squalīs",
"squalis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squale",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "squalī",
"links": [
[
"squalī",
"squali#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "squatus",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "squalus<2>"
},
"expansion": "squalus m (genitive squalī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "squalus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Requests for translations of Latin quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"ref": "23 CE – 79 CE, Plinius Maior, Historia Naturalis 9.42",
"text": "planorum piscium alterum est genus, quod pro spina cartilaginem habet, ut raiae, pastinacae, squatinae, torpedo et quos bovis, lamiae, aquilae, ranae nominibus graeci appellant. quo in numero sunt squali quoque, quamvis non plani. haec graece in universum σελάχη appellavit aristoteles primus hoc nomine iis inposito. nos distinguere non possumus, nisi si cartilaginea appellare libeat. omnia autem carnivora sunt talia et supina vescuntur, ut in delphinis diximus, et cum ceteri pisces ova pariant, hoc genus solum, ut ea quae cete appellant, animal parit, excepta quam ranam vocant.",
"translation": "(please add an English translation of this quotation)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a kind of large sea fish, thought to be a shark"
],
"links": [
[
"sea fish",
"sea fish"
],
[
"shark",
"shark"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈskʷa.ɫʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈskʷaː.lus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈskʷaː.ɫʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈskʷaː.lus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "squalus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin adjectives",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Fish"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "squālor"
},
{
"word": "squāleō"
},
{
"word": "squālidus"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"squāma",
"squama#Latin"
],
[
"cālīgō",
"caligo#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "squalor"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly related to squāma (“scale”), of unknown origin. In the sense of dirty, unkempt, this word has traditionally been associated with the cognates listed at cālīgō (“darkness, mist”), although these associations are tenuous.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "squālus",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "squālus",
"links": [
[
"squālus",
"squalus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squāla",
"links": [
[
"squāla",
"squala#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālum",
"links": [
[
"squālum",
"squalum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālī",
"links": [
[
"squālī",
"squali#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squālae",
"links": [
[
"squālae",
"squalae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squāla",
"links": [
[
"squāla",
"squala#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squālī",
"links": [
[
"squālī",
"squali#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālae",
"links": [
[
"squālae",
"squalae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālī",
"links": [
[
"squālī",
"squali#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālōrum",
"links": [
[
"squālōrum",
"squalorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squālārum",
"links": [
[
"squālārum",
"squalarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squālōrum",
"links": [
[
"squālōrum",
"squalorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squālō",
"links": [
[
"squālō",
"squalo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālae",
"links": [
[
"squālae",
"squalae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālō",
"links": [
[
"squālō",
"squalo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālīs",
"links": [
[
"squālīs",
"squalis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squālum",
"links": [
[
"squālum",
"squalum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālam",
"links": [
[
"squālam",
"squalam#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālum",
"links": [
[
"squālum",
"squalum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālōs",
"links": [
[
"squālōs",
"squalos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squālās",
"links": [
[
"squālās",
"squalas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squāla",
"links": [
[
"squāla",
"squala#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squālō",
"links": [
[
"squālō",
"squalo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālā",
"links": [
[
"squālā",
"squala#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālō",
"links": [
[
"squālō",
"squalo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "squālīs",
"links": [
[
"squālīs",
"squalis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "squāle",
"links": [
[
"squāle",
"squale#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "squāla",
"links": [
[
"squāla",
"squala#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "squālum",
"links": [
[
"squālum",
"squalum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "squālī",
"links": [
[
"squālī",
"squali#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "squālae",
"links": [
[
"squālae",
"squalae#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "squāla",
"links": [
[
"squāla",
"squala#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "adjective",
"head": "squālus"
},
"expansion": "squālus",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "squālus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"unkempt, dirty"
],
"links": [
[
"unkempt",
"unkempt"
],
[
"dirty",
"dirty"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈskʷaː.ɫʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈskʷaː.lus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "squalus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for squalus meaning in Latin (11.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.