"sol" meaning in Latin

See sol in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [ˈsoːɫ] [Classical-Latin], [ˈsɔl] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: Certainly inherited from the Proto-Indo-European word for "sun," which might have had a form like *sóh₂wl̥ (see there for alternative reconstructions). The development of the Latin form and the exact reconstruction of the PIE word is disputed. The only attested cognate within the Italic branch is Oscan 𐌔𐌖𐌋𐌄𐌉𐌔 (suleis) (genitive singular), which may represent underlying *sōl or *sūl. In the former case, the term would be identical to the Latin word and would then support reconstructing the vowel *ō at the Proto-Italic stage. Poccetti 2016, following a suggestion by V. Martzlof, indicates that both words could be derived from Proto-Italic *swōl, from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂wōl. If, however, the Oscan form is taken as *sūl, then it may reflect Proto-Indo-European *sh₂ul and the Latin /ō/ would presumably reflect an independent development. De Vaan and Sihler have both proposed theories regarding the origin of this Latin word and the reconstruction of the PIE term, though they did so prior to the discovery of the Oscan evidence: * According to De Vaan, perhaps inherited from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ul ~ *sh₂wéns. However, per De Vaan, such a PIE term is expected to yield Latin **saul and a zero-grade sequence **sh₂ul should have produced **sūl. To remedy this issue, Frederick Kortlandt and Robert Beekes have suggested that the unusual vocalism is the result of a particular development conditioned by the -l. * Sihler suggests that a pre-form of the shape *suh₂el yielded Proto-Italic *suwal, whence Old Latin *suwol and later *suol, which perhaps then contracted to sōl. Sihler compares this development to the shift of *swo- to so- as in soror. Etymology templates: {{etymon|la|:inh|ine-pro:*sóh₂wl̥|id=sun}} [Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "sol", "lang" : "la" }" data-id="sun" data-lang="la" data-title="sol" id="Latin:_sun">, {{unc|la|disputed}} disputed, {{cog|osc|𐌔𐌖𐌋𐌄𐌉𐌔|qq=genitive singular}} Oscan 𐌔𐌖𐌋𐌄𐌉𐌔 (suleis) (genitive singular), {{m+|itc-pro||*swōl}} Proto-Italic *swōl, {{m+|ine-pro||*sh₂wōl}} Proto-Indo-European *sh₂wōl, {{m+|ine-pro||*sh₂ul}} Proto-Indo-European *sh₂ul, {{ic|/ō/}} /ō/, {{yesno|1|i|I}} i, {{glossary|inherited}} inherited, {{inh|la|ine-pro|*sóh₂wl̥|*séh₂ul ~ *sh₂wéns||g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ul ~ *sh₂wéns, {{inh+|la|ine-pro|*sóh₂wl̥|*séh₂ul ~ *sh₂wéns|nocap=1}} inherited from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ul ~ *sh₂wéns, {{inh|la|itc-pro||*suwal}} Proto-Italic *suwal, {{inh|la|itc-ola||*suwol}} Old Latin *suwol Head templates: {{la-noun|sōl<3>|g=m}} sōl m (genitive sōlis); third declension Inflection templates: {{la-ndecl|sōl<3>}} Forms: sōl [canonical, masculine], sōlis [genitive], no-table-tags [table-tags], sōl [nominative, singular], sōlēs [nominative, plural], sōlis [genitive, singular], sōlum [genitive, plural], sōlī [dative, singular], sōlibus [dative, plural], sōlem [accusative, singular], sōlēs [accusative, plural], sōle [ablative, singular], sōlibus [ablative, plural], sōl [singular, vocative], sōlēs [plural, vocative], Sōl [alternative], [alternative]
  1. (astronomy, often capitalized) the Sun Tags: capitalized, declension-3, often
    Sense id: en-sol-la-noun-wVYw7w10 Categories (other): Astronomy, Pages using etymon with no ID, Latin entries with incorrect language header, Latin masculine nouns in the third declension, Astronomy, Celestial bodies, Light sources, Nature, Stars Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 11 4 2 2 2 2 6 17 23 8 9 6 9 Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 30 23 32 7 8 Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the third declension: 23 16 17 17 27 Disambiguation of Astronomy: 65 33 1 0 1 Disambiguation of Celestial bodies: 55 21 13 6 5 Disambiguation of Light sources: 57 13 14 7 9 Disambiguation of Nature: 71 10 10 0 8 Disambiguation of Stars: 52 17 9 9 13 Topics: astronomy, natural-sciences
  2. (astronomy) a sun Tags: declension-3
    Sense id: en-sol-la-noun-g3Ey37NS Categories (other): Astronomy, Latin entries with incorrect language header, Latin masculine nouns in the third declension Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 30 23 32 7 8 Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the third declension: 23 16 17 17 27 Topics: astronomy, natural-sciences
  3. (alchemy, chemistry) gold Tags: declension-3
    Sense id: en-sol-la-noun-JNfwPY3D Categories (other): Alchemy, Chemistry, Latin entries with incorrect language header, Latin masculine nouns in the third declension Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 30 23 32 7 8 Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the third declension: 23 16 17 17 27 Topics: alchemy, chemistry, natural-sciences, physical-sciences, pseudoscience
  4. (figurative, in the plural) days, period of one's life Tags: declension-3, figuratively, in-plural
    Sense id: en-sol-la-noun-oVIu0bPN Categories (other): Latin masculine nouns in the third declension Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the third declension: 23 16 17 17 27
  5. (mythology) See Sōl. Tags: declension-3
    Sense id: en-sol-la-noun-vWkuC7Pr Categories (other): Latin masculine nouns in the third declension Disambiguation of Latin masculine nouns in the third declension: 23 16 17 17 27 Topics: human-sciences, mysticism, mythology, philosophy, sciences
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: sōlāris, sōlārium, *sōliculum [vulgar]

Alternative forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sōlāris"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "word": "sōlārium"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
      "tags": [
        "vulgar"
      ],
      "word": "*sōliculum"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ine-pro:*sóh₂wl̥",
        "id": "sun"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"sol\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"sun\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"sol\" id=\"Latin:_sun\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "disputed"
      },
      "expansion": "disputed",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osc",
        "2": "𐌔𐌖𐌋𐌄𐌉𐌔",
        "qq": "genitive singular"
      },
      "expansion": "Oscan 𐌔𐌖𐌋𐌄𐌉𐌔 (suleis) (genitive singular)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*swōl"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *swōl",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*sh₂wōl"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sh₂wōl",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*sh₂ul"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sh₂ul",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "/ō/"
      },
      "expansion": "/ō/",
      "name": "ic"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "i",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*sóh₂wl̥",
        "4": "*séh₂ul ~ *sh₂wéns",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ul ~ *sh₂wéns",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*sóh₂wl̥",
        "4": "*séh₂ul ~ *sh₂wéns",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "inherited from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ul ~ *sh₂wéns",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*suwal"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *suwal",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-ola",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*suwol"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Latin *suwol",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Certainly inherited from the Proto-Indo-European word for \"sun,\" which might have had a form like *sóh₂wl̥ (see there for alternative reconstructions). The development of the Latin form and the exact reconstruction of the PIE word is disputed.\nThe only attested cognate within the Italic branch is Oscan 𐌔𐌖𐌋𐌄𐌉𐌔 (suleis) (genitive singular), which may represent underlying *sōl or *sūl. In the former case, the term would be identical to the Latin word and would then support reconstructing the vowel *ō at the Proto-Italic stage. Poccetti 2016, following a suggestion by V. Martzlof, indicates that both words could be derived from Proto-Italic *swōl, from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂wōl. If, however, the Oscan form is taken as *sūl, then it may reflect Proto-Indo-European *sh₂ul and the Latin /ō/ would presumably reflect an independent development.\nDe Vaan and Sihler have both proposed theories regarding the origin of this Latin word and the reconstruction of the PIE term, though they did so prior to the discovery of the Oscan evidence:\n* According to De Vaan, perhaps inherited from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ul ~ *sh₂wéns. However, per De Vaan, such a PIE term is expected to yield Latin **saul and a zero-grade sequence **sh₂ul should have produced **sūl. To remedy this issue, Frederick Kortlandt and Robert Beekes have suggested that the unusual vocalism is the result of a particular development conditioned by the -l.\n* Sihler suggests that a pre-form of the shape *suh₂el yielded Proto-Italic *suwal, whence Old Latin *suwol and later *suol, which perhaps then contracted to sōl. Sihler compares this development to the shift of *swo- to so- as in soror.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sōl",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōlis",
      "links": [
        [
          "sōlis",
          "solis"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōl",
      "links": [
        [
          "sōl",
          "sol#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōlēs",
      "links": [
        [
          "sōlēs",
          "soles#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōlis",
      "links": [
        [
          "sōlis",
          "solis#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōlum",
      "links": [
        [
          "sōlum",
          "solum#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōlī",
      "links": [
        [
          "sōlī",
          "soli#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōlibus",
      "links": [
        [
          "sōlibus",
          "solibus#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōlem",
      "links": [
        [
          "sōlem",
          "solem#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōlēs",
      "links": [
        [
          "sōlēs",
          "soles#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōle",
      "links": [
        [
          "sōle",
          "sole#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōlibus",
      "links": [
        [
          "sōlibus",
          "solibus#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōl",
      "links": [
        [
          "sōl",
          "sol#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōlēs",
      "links": [
        [
          "sōlēs",
          "soles#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Sōl",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "☉",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sōl<3>",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "sōl m (genitive sōlis); third declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sōl<3>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Astronomy",
          "orig": "la:Astronomy",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "11 4 2 2 2 2 6 17 23 8 9 6 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 23 32 7 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 16 17 17 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "65 33 1 0 1",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Astronomy",
          "orig": "la:Astronomy",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "55 21 13 6 5",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Celestial bodies",
          "orig": "la:Celestial bodies",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "57 13 14 7 9",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Light sources",
          "orig": "la:Light sources",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "71 10 10 0 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Nature",
          "orig": "la:Nature",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 17 9 9 13",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Stars",
          "orig": "la:Stars",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the Sun"
      ],
      "id": "en-sol-la-noun-wVYw7w10",
      "links": [
        [
          "astronomy",
          "astronomy"
        ],
        [
          "capitalized",
          "capitalisation"
        ],
        [
          "Sun",
          "Sun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(astronomy, often capitalized) the Sun"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "capitalized",
        "declension-3",
        "often"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "astronomy",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Astronomy",
          "orig": "la:Astronomy",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 23 32 7 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 16 17 17 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a sun"
      ],
      "id": "en-sol-la-noun-g3Ey37NS",
      "links": [
        [
          "astronomy",
          "astronomy"
        ],
        [
          "sun",
          "sun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(astronomy) a sun"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "astronomy",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Alchemy",
          "orig": "la:Alchemy",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Chemistry",
          "orig": "la:Chemistry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 23 32 7 8",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "23 16 17 17 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "gold"
      ],
      "id": "en-sol-la-noun-JNfwPY3D",
      "links": [
        [
          "alchemy",
          "alchemy"
        ],
        [
          "chemistry",
          "chemistry"
        ],
        [
          "gold",
          "gold"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(alchemy, chemistry) gold"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "alchemy",
        "chemistry",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "pseudoscience"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "23 16 17 17 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Suns can set and rise again / but once this brief light ends / there is endless night for us to sleep.",
          "ref": "c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 5.4–6",
          "text": "Soles occidere et redire possunt / nobis cum semel occidit brevis lux / nox est perpetua una dormienda",
          "translation": "Suns can set and rise again / but once this brief light ends / there is endless night for us to sleep.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "Once shined for you beautiful suns / when you went where the girl led you / loved by us like no other [girl].",
          "ref": "c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 8.3–5",
          "text": "Fulsere quondam candidi tibi soles / cum ventitabas quo puella ducebat / amata nobis quantum amabitur nulla.",
          "translation": "Once shined for you beautiful suns / when you went where the girl led you / loved by us like no other [girl].",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "days, period of one's life"
      ],
      "id": "en-sol-la-noun-oVIu0bPN",
      "links": [
        [
          "day",
          "day"
        ],
        [
          "period",
          "period"
        ],
        [
          "life",
          "life"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative, in the plural) days, period of one's life"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "figuratively",
        "in-plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "23 16 17 17 27",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "See Sōl."
      ],
      "id": "en-sol-la-noun-vWkuC7Pr",
      "links": [
        [
          "mythology",
          "mythology"
        ],
        [
          "Sōl",
          "Sol#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(mythology) See Sōl."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "mysticism",
        "mythology",
        "philosophy",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈsoːɫ]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈsɔl]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sol"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 1-syllable words",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin masculine nouns",
    "Latin masculine nouns in the third declension",
    "Latin nouns",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *sóh₂wl̥",
    "Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Latin third declension nouns",
    "Pages using etymon with no ID",
    "Pages with 47 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "la:Astronomy",
    "la:Celestial bodies",
    "la:Light sources",
    "la:Nature",
    "la:Stars"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "sōlāris"
    },
    {
      "word": "sōlārium"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "vulgar"
      ],
      "word": "*sōliculum"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": ":inh",
        "3": "ine-pro:*sóh₂wl̥",
        "id": "sun"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"sol\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"sun\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"sol\" id=\"Latin:_sun\">",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "disputed"
      },
      "expansion": "disputed",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "osc",
        "2": "𐌔𐌖𐌋𐌄𐌉𐌔",
        "qq": "genitive singular"
      },
      "expansion": "Oscan 𐌔𐌖𐌋𐌄𐌉𐌔 (suleis) (genitive singular)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*swōl"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *swōl",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*sh₂wōl"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sh₂wōl",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*sh₂ul"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sh₂ul",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "/ō/"
      },
      "expansion": "/ō/",
      "name": "ic"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1",
        "2": "i",
        "3": "I"
      },
      "expansion": "i",
      "name": "yesno"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "inherited"
      },
      "expansion": "inherited",
      "name": "glossary"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*sóh₂wl̥",
        "4": "*séh₂ul ~ *sh₂wéns",
        "5": "",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "",
        "pos": "",
        "sc": "",
        "sort": "",
        "tr": "",
        "ts": ""
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ul ~ *sh₂wéns",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*sóh₂wl̥",
        "4": "*séh₂ul ~ *sh₂wéns",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "inherited from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ul ~ *sh₂wéns",
      "name": "inh+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*suwal"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *suwal",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "itc-ola",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*suwol"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Latin *suwol",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Certainly inherited from the Proto-Indo-European word for \"sun,\" which might have had a form like *sóh₂wl̥ (see there for alternative reconstructions). The development of the Latin form and the exact reconstruction of the PIE word is disputed.\nThe only attested cognate within the Italic branch is Oscan 𐌔𐌖𐌋𐌄𐌉𐌔 (suleis) (genitive singular), which may represent underlying *sōl or *sūl. In the former case, the term would be identical to the Latin word and would then support reconstructing the vowel *ō at the Proto-Italic stage. Poccetti 2016, following a suggestion by V. Martzlof, indicates that both words could be derived from Proto-Italic *swōl, from Proto-Indo-European *sh₂wōl. If, however, the Oscan form is taken as *sūl, then it may reflect Proto-Indo-European *sh₂ul and the Latin /ō/ would presumably reflect an independent development.\nDe Vaan and Sihler have both proposed theories regarding the origin of this Latin word and the reconstruction of the PIE term, though they did so prior to the discovery of the Oscan evidence:\n* According to De Vaan, perhaps inherited from Proto-Indo-European *séh₂ul ~ *sh₂wéns. However, per De Vaan, such a PIE term is expected to yield Latin **saul and a zero-grade sequence **sh₂ul should have produced **sūl. To remedy this issue, Frederick Kortlandt and Robert Beekes have suggested that the unusual vocalism is the result of a particular development conditioned by the -l.\n* Sihler suggests that a pre-form of the shape *suh₂el yielded Proto-Italic *suwal, whence Old Latin *suwol and later *suol, which perhaps then contracted to sōl. Sihler compares this development to the shift of *swo- to so- as in soror.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sōl",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "masculine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōlis",
      "links": [
        [
          "sōlis",
          "solis"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōl",
      "links": [
        [
          "sōl",
          "sol#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōlēs",
      "links": [
        [
          "sōlēs",
          "soles#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōlis",
      "links": [
        [
          "sōlis",
          "solis#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōlum",
      "links": [
        [
          "sōlum",
          "solum#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōlī",
      "links": [
        [
          "sōlī",
          "soli#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōlibus",
      "links": [
        [
          "sōlibus",
          "solibus#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōlem",
      "links": [
        [
          "sōlem",
          "solem#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōlēs",
      "links": [
        [
          "sōlēs",
          "soles#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōle",
      "links": [
        [
          "sōle",
          "sole#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōlibus",
      "links": [
        [
          "sōlibus",
          "solibus#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōl",
      "links": [
        [
          "sōl",
          "sol#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sōlēs",
      "links": [
        [
          "sōlēs",
          "soles#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "Sōl",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "☉",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sōl<3>",
        "g": "m"
      },
      "expansion": "sōl m (genitive sōlis); third declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sōl<3>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "la:Astronomy"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "the Sun"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "astronomy",
          "astronomy"
        ],
        [
          "capitalized",
          "capitalisation"
        ],
        [
          "Sun",
          "Sun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(astronomy, often capitalized) the Sun"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "capitalized",
        "declension-3",
        "often"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "astronomy",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "la:Astronomy"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "a sun"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "astronomy",
          "astronomy"
        ],
        [
          "sun",
          "sun"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(astronomy) a sun"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "astronomy",
        "natural-sciences"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "la:Alchemy",
        "la:Chemistry"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "gold"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "alchemy",
          "alchemy"
        ],
        [
          "chemistry",
          "chemistry"
        ],
        [
          "gold",
          "gold"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(alchemy, chemistry) gold"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "alchemy",
        "chemistry",
        "natural-sciences",
        "physical-sciences",
        "pseudoscience"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin terms with quotations"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "Suns can set and rise again / but once this brief light ends / there is endless night for us to sleep.",
          "ref": "c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 5.4–6",
          "text": "Soles occidere et redire possunt / nobis cum semel occidit brevis lux / nox est perpetua una dormienda",
          "translation": "Suns can set and rise again / but once this brief light ends / there is endless night for us to sleep.",
          "type": "quotation"
        },
        {
          "english": "Once shined for you beautiful suns / when you went where the girl led you / loved by us like no other [girl].",
          "ref": "c. 84 BCE – 54 BCE, Catullus, Carmina 8.3–5",
          "text": "Fulsere quondam candidi tibi soles / cum ventitabas quo puella ducebat / amata nobis quantum amabitur nulla.",
          "translation": "Once shined for you beautiful suns / when you went where the girl led you / loved by us like no other [girl].",
          "type": "quotation"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "days, period of one's life"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "day",
          "day"
        ],
        [
          "period",
          "period"
        ],
        [
          "life",
          "life"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(figurative, in the plural) days, period of one's life"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3",
        "figuratively",
        "in-plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "See Sōl."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "mythology",
          "mythology"
        ],
        [
          "Sōl",
          "Sol#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(mythology) See Sōl."
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-3"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "human-sciences",
        "mysticism",
        "mythology",
        "philosophy",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈsoːɫ]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈsɔl]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "sol"
}

Download raw JSONL data for sol meaning in Latin (8.6kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (e79dea5 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.