See scaena in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "postscaenium"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "escena"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "scena",
"word": "сцена"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Szene"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "scena"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "scena"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "şano"
}
],
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"lang_code": "ckb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "şano",
"word": "شانۆ"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "şano"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "scena"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "scene"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"lang_code": "ht",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"inherited"
],
"word": "sèn"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "scène"
},
{
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "sen",
"word": "سِن"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "scenă"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "scen"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "scène"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "scène"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "scene"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cena"
},
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "сцена"
},
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "scena"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "escena"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "grc:σκηνή",
"id": "stage",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃-der.\nAncient Greek σκηνή (skēnḗ)bor.\nLatin scaena\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*(s)ḱeh₃-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"σκηνή\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"scaena\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"stage\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"scaena\" id=\"Latin:_stage\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grc",
"3": "σκηνή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σκηνή (skēnḗ)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃-der.\nAncient Greek σκηνή (skēnḗ)bor.\nLatin scaena\nFrom Ancient Greek σκηνή (skēnḗ). Seemingly with a hypercorrective /ae̯/ < /eː/ in reaction to an opposite trend (cf. haedus, saeta > ēdus, sēta).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "scaenae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "scaena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scaenae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "scaenae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scaenārum",
"links": [
[
"scaenārum",
"scaenarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "scaenae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scaenīs",
"links": [
[
"scaenīs",
"scaenis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "scaenam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scaenās",
"links": [
[
"scaenās",
"scaenas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "scaenā",
"links": [
[
"scaenā",
"scaena#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scaenīs",
"links": [
[
"scaenīs",
"scaenis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "scaena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "scaenae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "scēna",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scaena<1>"
},
"expansion": "scaena f (genitive scaenae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scaena<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 17 18 17 19 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "… or [like] Agamemnon’s [son] Orestes, tormented onstage [by his dead] mother [who is] armed with torches and black snakes, ….\n(A poetic plural reference to theatrical performances of the tragedy.)",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.471–472",
"text": "[...] aut Agamemnonius scēnīs agitātus Orestēs\narmātam facibus mātrem et serpentibus ātrīs [...].",
"translation": "… or [like] Agamemnon’s [son] Orestes, tormented onstage [by his dead] mother [who is] armed with torches and black snakes, ….\n(A poetic plural reference to theatrical performances of the tragedy.)",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Obscaenum ‘foul’ is said from scaena ‘stage’; this word Accius writes scena, like the Greeks.",
"ref": "116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, De lingua Latina 7.96",
"text": "“Obscaenum” dictum ab “scaena”; eam, ut Graeci, Accius scribit “scena”.",
"translation": "Obscaenum ‘foul’ is said from scaena ‘stage’; this word Accius writes scena, like the Greeks.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stage"
],
"id": "en-scaena-la-noun-x~9tzZTX",
"links": [
[
"stage",
"stage"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 17 18 17 19 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"scene"
],
"id": "en-scaena-la-noun-T0j3IHzr",
"links": [
[
"scene",
"scene"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 17 18 17 19 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "24 2 64 3 5 2",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Theater",
"orig": "la:Theater",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"theatre"
],
"id": "en-scaena-la-noun-0Fw05yNS",
"links": [
[
"theatre",
"theatre"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 17 18 17 19 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Further on [there is] a backdrop with waving woods above; a dark forest overhanging and trembling with shade.",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 1.164–165",
"roman": "dēsuper; horrentīque ātrum nemus imminet umbrā.",
"text": "[...] tum silvīs scēna coruscīs",
"translation": "Further on [there is] a backdrop with waving woods above; a dark forest overhanging and trembling with shade.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"natural scenery, background, backdrop"
],
"id": "en-scaena-la-noun-pMThfCcQ",
"links": [
[
"scenery",
"scenery"
],
[
"background",
"background"
],
[
"backdrop",
"backdrop"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred) natural scenery, background, backdrop"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 4 5 15 70 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 5 5 80 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 2 20 73 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 17 18 17 19 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 5 11 75 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 1 2 5 89 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 2 2 5 88 2",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 4 5 14 71 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 3 4 10 76 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"publicity, the public eye"
],
"id": "en-scaena-la-noun-aQNF1itX",
"links": [
[
"publicity",
"publicity"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 17 18 17 19 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 0 2 1 3 94",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Death",
"orig": "la:Death",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"euphemism for death with dēcēdo"
],
"id": "en-scaena-la-noun-SrZaEoMM",
"links": [
[
"dēcēdo",
"decedo#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈskae̯.na]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈʃɛː.na]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "scaena"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with etymology trees",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms borrowed from Ancient Greek",
"Latin terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *(s)ḱeh₃-",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"la:Death",
"la:Theater"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "postscaenium"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "escena"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "scena",
"word": "сцена"
}
],
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Szene"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "scena"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "scena"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Northern Kurdish",
"lang_code": "kmr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "şano"
}
],
"lang": "Central Kurdish",
"lang_code": "ckb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "şano",
"word": "شانۆ"
}
],
"lang": "Turkish",
"lang_code": "tr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "şano"
}
],
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "scena"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "scene"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Haitian Creole",
"lang_code": "ht",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"inherited"
],
"word": "sèn"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "scène"
},
{
"lang": "Iranian Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "sen",
"word": "سِن"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "scenă"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "scen"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "scène"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "scène"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "scene"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cena"
},
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "сцена"
},
{
"lang": "Serbo-Croatian",
"lang_code": "sh",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "scena"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "escena"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "grc:σκηνή",
"id": "stage",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃-der.\nAncient Greek σκηνή (skēnḗ)bor.\nLatin scaena\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*(s)ḱeh₃-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"σκηνή\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"scaena\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"stage\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"scaena\" id=\"Latin:_stage\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grc",
"3": "σκηνή"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek σκηνή (skēnḗ)",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *(s)ḱeh₃-der.\nAncient Greek σκηνή (skēnḗ)bor.\nLatin scaena\nFrom Ancient Greek σκηνή (skēnḗ). Seemingly with a hypercorrective /ae̯/ < /eː/ in reaction to an opposite trend (cf. haedus, saeta > ēdus, sēta).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "scaenae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "scaena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scaenae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "scaenae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scaenārum",
"links": [
[
"scaenārum",
"scaenarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "scaenae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scaenīs",
"links": [
[
"scaenīs",
"scaenis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "scaenam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scaenās",
"links": [
[
"scaenās",
"scaenas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "scaenā",
"links": [
[
"scaenā",
"scaena#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "scaenīs",
"links": [
[
"scaenīs",
"scaenis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "scaena",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "scaenae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "scēna",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scaena<1>"
},
"expansion": "scaena f (genitive scaenae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scaena<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "… or [like] Agamemnon’s [son] Orestes, tormented onstage [by his dead] mother [who is] armed with torches and black snakes, ….\n(A poetic plural reference to theatrical performances of the tragedy.)",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 4.471–472",
"text": "[...] aut Agamemnonius scēnīs agitātus Orestēs\narmātam facibus mātrem et serpentibus ātrīs [...].",
"translation": "… or [like] Agamemnon’s [son] Orestes, tormented onstage [by his dead] mother [who is] armed with torches and black snakes, ….\n(A poetic plural reference to theatrical performances of the tragedy.)",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Obscaenum ‘foul’ is said from scaena ‘stage’; this word Accius writes scena, like the Greeks.",
"ref": "116 BCE – 27 BCE, Marcus Terentius Varro, De lingua Latina 7.96",
"text": "“Obscaenum” dictum ab “scaena”; eam, ut Graeci, Accius scribit “scena”.",
"translation": "Obscaenum ‘foul’ is said from scaena ‘stage’; this word Accius writes scena, like the Greeks.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stage"
],
"links": [
[
"stage",
"stage"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"scene"
],
"links": [
[
"scene",
"scene"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"theatre"
],
"links": [
[
"theatre",
"theatre"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Further on [there is] a backdrop with waving woods above; a dark forest overhanging and trembling with shade.",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 1.164–165",
"roman": "dēsuper; horrentīque ātrum nemus imminet umbrā.",
"text": "[...] tum silvīs scēna coruscīs",
"translation": "Further on [there is] a backdrop with waving woods above; a dark forest overhanging and trembling with shade.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"natural scenery, background, backdrop"
],
"links": [
[
"scenery",
"scenery"
],
[
"background",
"background"
],
[
"backdrop",
"backdrop"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred) natural scenery, background, backdrop"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"publicity, the public eye"
],
"links": [
[
"publicity",
"publicity"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"euphemism for death with dēcēdo"
],
"links": [
[
"dēcēdo",
"decedo#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈskae̯.na]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈʃɛː.na]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "scaena"
}
Download raw JSONL data for scaena meaning in Latin (8.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.