See ruga in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "corrūgis"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "rūgō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "rūgōsus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "arugã"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: arugã",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: arugã"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "arruga"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: arruga",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "ruga",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "ruga",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "rua",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "rua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: arruga, ruga, rua"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ruga",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: ruga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: ruga"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "ruga",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: ruga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: ruga"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "rue"
},
"expansion": "Old French: rue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: rue"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "rue"
},
"expansion": "French: rue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: rue"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "rue"
},
"expansion": "Norman: rue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: rue"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "rua",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Galician-Portuguese: rua\nGalician: rúa\nPortuguese: rua",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Galician-Portuguese: rua\nGalician: rúa\nPortuguese: rua"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "rua"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: rua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: rua"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "rua"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish: rua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish: rua"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "rúa"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: rúa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: rúa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "rùa"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: rùa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: rùa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "ruga",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: ruga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: ruga"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "ruga",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: ruga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: ruga"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "ruga",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Venetan: ruga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Venetan: ruga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "rrugë",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: rrugë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: rrugë"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*rougā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *rougā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁roug-h₂-",
"t": "wrinkle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁roug-h₂- (“wrinkle”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *rougā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁roug-h₂- (“wrinkle”), related to *h₁rewg- (“to roar, belch”), where the sense development would be \"to belch\" → \"to undulate\" → \"to be rugged\" → \"crease, wrinkle\". Compare ructo (“I belch, bring up noisily”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rūga",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "rūgae",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rūga",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūgae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūgae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūgārum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūgae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūgīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūgam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūgās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūgā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūgīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūga",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rūgae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rūga<1>"
},
"expansion": "rūga f (genitive rūgae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rūga<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 35 35 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 14 30 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a crease in the face, wrinkle"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-ruga-la-noun-3vnJc1YY",
"links": [
[
"crease",
"crease"
],
[
"face",
"face"
],
[
"wrinkle",
"wrinkle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in the plural) a crease in the face, wrinkle"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"plural-normally"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 35 35 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a crease, fold, plait, wrinkle, corrugation of any kind"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-ruga-la-noun-Mk8sVYCx",
"links": [
[
"crease",
"crease"
],
[
"fold",
"fold"
],
[
"plait",
"plait"
],
[
"wrinkle",
"wrinkle"
],
[
"corrugation",
"corrugation"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense) a crease, fold, plait, wrinkle, corrugation of any kind"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "13 35 35 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a crease, fold, plait, wrinkle, corrugation of any kind",
"a female screw (nut (that fits on a bolt))"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-ruga-la-noun-F0HmiY~u",
"links": [
[
"crease",
"crease"
],
[
"fold",
"fold"
],
[
"plait",
"plait"
],
[
"wrinkle",
"wrinkle"
],
[
"corrugation",
"corrugation"
],
[
"female",
"female"
],
[
"screw",
"screw"
],
[
"nut",
"nut"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense) a crease, fold, plait, wrinkle, corrugation of any kind",
"a female screw (nut (that fits on a bolt))"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Early Medieval Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Medieval Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "13 35 35 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a street"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"id": "en-ruga-la-noun--PbKYK2c",
"links": [
[
"street",
"street"
],
[
"Joan Coromines",
"w:Joan Coromines"
],
[
"José A[ntonio] Pascual",
"w:José Antonio Pascual"
],
[
"Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico",
"w:Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Early Medieval Latin) a street"
],
"tags": [
"Early",
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-1"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈruː.ɡa/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈruːɡä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.ɡa/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈruːɡä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"de:Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik"
],
"word": "ruga"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Requests for quotations in Latin"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "corrūgis"
},
{
"tags": [
"verb"
],
"word": "rūgō"
},
{
"tags": [
"adjective"
],
"word": "rūgōsus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rup",
"2": "arugã"
},
"expansion": "Aromanian: arugã",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aromanian: arugã"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "arruga"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: arruga",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "ruga",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "ruga",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "rua",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "rua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: arruga, ruga, rua"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "ruga",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: ruga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: ruga"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "ruga",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: ruga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: ruga"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "rue"
},
"expansion": "Old French: rue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: rue"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "rue"
},
"expansion": "French: rue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: rue"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "rue"
},
"expansion": "Norman: rue",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: rue"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "rua",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Galician-Portuguese: rua\nGalician: rúa\nPortuguese: rua",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Galician-Portuguese: rua\nGalician: rúa\nPortuguese: rua"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "rua"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: rua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: rua"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "rua"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish: rua",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish: rua"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "rúa"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: rúa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: rúa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "rùa"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: rùa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: rùa"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "ruga",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Portuguese: ruga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Portuguese: ruga"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "ruga",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Spanish: ruga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Spanish: ruga"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "ruga",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Venetan: ruga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Venetan: ruga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "rrugë",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: rrugë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: rrugë"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*rougā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *rougā",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁roug-h₂-",
"t": "wrinkle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁roug-h₂- (“wrinkle”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *rougā, from Proto-Indo-European *h₁roug-h₂- (“wrinkle”), related to *h₁rewg- (“to roar, belch”), where the sense development would be \"to belch\" → \"to undulate\" → \"to be rugged\" → \"crease, wrinkle\". Compare ructo (“I belch, bring up noisily”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rūga",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "rūgae",
"head_nr": 1,
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rūga",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūgae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūgae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūgārum",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūgae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūgīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūgam",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūgās",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūgā",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rūgīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rūga",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rūgae",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rūga<1>"
},
"expansion": "rūga f (genitive rūgae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rūga<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a crease in the face, wrinkle"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"crease",
"crease"
],
[
"face",
"face"
],
[
"wrinkle",
"wrinkle"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(usually in the plural) a crease in the face, wrinkle"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"plural-normally"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses"
],
"glosses": [
"a crease, fold, plait, wrinkle, corrugation of any kind"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"crease",
"crease"
],
[
"fold",
"fold"
],
[
"plait",
"plait"
],
[
"wrinkle",
"wrinkle"
],
[
"corrugation",
"corrugation"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense) a crease, fold, plait, wrinkle, corrugation of any kind"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses"
],
"glosses": [
"a crease, fold, plait, wrinkle, corrugation of any kind",
"a female screw (nut (that fits on a bolt))"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"crease",
"crease"
],
[
"fold",
"fold"
],
[
"plait",
"plait"
],
[
"wrinkle",
"wrinkle"
],
[
"corrugation",
"corrugation"
],
[
"female",
"female"
],
[
"screw",
"screw"
],
[
"nut",
"nut"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense) a crease, fold, plait, wrinkle, corrugation of any kind",
"a female screw (nut (that fits on a bolt))"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Early Medieval Latin",
"Medieval Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"a street"
],
"head_nr": 1,
"links": [
[
"street",
"street"
],
[
"Joan Coromines",
"w:Joan Coromines"
],
[
"José A[ntonio] Pascual",
"w:José Antonio Pascual"
],
[
"Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico",
"w:Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Early Medieval Latin) a street"
],
"tags": [
"Early",
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-1"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈruː.ɡa/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈruːɡä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈru.ɡa/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈruːɡä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"de:Amsterdamer Beiträge zur älteren Germanistik"
],
"word": "ruga"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ruga meaning in Latin (7.4kB)
{
"called_from": "page/1713/20221215",
"msg": "later head without list of senses,template node #, ruga/Latin",
"path": [
"ruga"
],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "ruga",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.