See rosa in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Emilian",
"lang_code": "egl",
"word": "róśa"
},
{
"lang": "Ligurian",
"lang_code": "lij",
"word": "rêuza"
},
{
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "ròsa"
},
{
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "rösa"
},
{
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "ròs"
},
{
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "roeusa"
},
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"word": "reusa"
}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Italic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Corsican",
"lang_code": "co",
"word": "rosa"
},
{
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "dlm",
"word": "ruosa"
},
{
"lang": "Istriot",
"lang_code": "ist",
"word": "roza"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "rosa"
},
{
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"lang_code": "nap",
"word": "rosa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Maltese",
"lang_code": "mt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "roża"
}
],
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "rosa"
}
],
"lang": "Italo-Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "rosa"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "ròsa"
}
],
"lang": "Old Occitan",
"lang_code": "pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "rose"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "rosa"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"raw_tags": [
"Vallader"
],
"tags": [
"Puter"
],
"word": "rösa"
}
],
"lang": "Rhaeto-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "rosa"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "arrosa"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "ròxa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aragonese",
"lang_code": "an",
"word": "rosa"
},
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "rosa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "rosa"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "rosa"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "rosa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "rosa"
},
{
"lang": "Ladino",
"lang_code": "lad",
"word": "roza"
},
{
"lang": "Ladino",
"lang_code": "lad",
"word": "רוזה"
}
],
"lang": "Old Spanish",
"lang_code": "osp",
"raw_tags": [
"semi-learned borrowing",
"semi-learned"
],
"word": "rosa"
}
],
"lang": "West Iberian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "arrosa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"word": "roz"
},
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"word": "ros"
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "rhos"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*rros"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "rose"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "rose"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rose"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "rose"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "rose"
},
{
"lang": "Picard",
"lang_code": "pcd",
"word": "rose"
},
{
"lang": "Walloon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"word": "rôze"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "rós"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "rose"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "ròs"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rós"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rose"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"sense": "pink",
"word": "rosa"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*rōsā"
},
{
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rózsa"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rosa"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "roză"
},
{
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "roža",
"word": "рожа"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "roza",
"word": "роза"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "roze"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Föhr-Amrum",
"lang_code": "frr",
"word": "ruus"
},
{
"lang": "Mooring",
"lang_code": "frr",
"word": "rous"
},
{
"lang": "Sylt",
"lang_code": "frr",
"word": "Ruus"
}
],
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rôze"
},
{
"lang": "Ladino",
"lang_code": "lad",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "roz"
},
{
"lang": "Lingala",
"lang_code": "ln",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "roze"
},
{
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rožė"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "roza",
"word": "роза"
},
{
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ros"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"lang_code": "se",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ruvsu"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "róż"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "roza",
"word": "роза"
},
{
"lang": "Veps",
"lang_code": "vep",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "roza"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "róza",
"word": "ро́за"
},
{
"lang": "Rwanda-Rundi",
"lang_code": "rw",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "iroza"
},
{
"lang": "Samogitian",
"lang_code": "sgs",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ruožė"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rołza"
},
{
"lang": "Tongan",
"lang_code": "to",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lose"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "roza",
"word": "роза"
},
{
"lang": "Veps",
"lang_code": "vep",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ruza"
},
{
"lang": "Voro",
"lang_code": "vor",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "roosa"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*Hwerdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "grc:ῥόδον<id:rose><unc:1>",
"id": "rose"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"rose\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"flower\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Iranian\", \"term\" : \"*wardah\", \"lang\" : \"ira-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ῥόδον\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"rosa\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"rose\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"rosa\" id=\"Latin:_rose\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "derived"
},
"expansion": "derived",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ῥόδον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "mysterious"
},
"expansion": "mysterious",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "osc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Oscan",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ira-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably derived from a variant of Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon), but some of the details remain mysterious. Possibly via another Italic language like Oscan, or alternatively via the Aeolic version of ῥοδέᾱ (rhodéā, “rose-bush”) which would have been *ῥοζά (*rhozá).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rosae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rosa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rosae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rosae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rosārum",
"links": [
[
"rosārum",
"rosarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rosae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rosīs",
"links": [
[
"rosīs",
"rosis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rosam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rosās",
"links": [
[
"rosās",
"rosas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rosā",
"links": [
[
"rosā",
"rosa#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rosīs",
"links": [
[
"rosīs",
"rosis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rosa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rosae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rosa<1>"
},
"expansion": "rosa f (genitive rosae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rosa<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rosāceus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rosāns"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rosārium"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rosārius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rosētum"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "roseus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "rosulentus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "41 5 5 15 15 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "42 31 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "74 7 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages linking to anchors not found in Appendix:Glossary",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 1 1 3 3 3 4 1 2 2 2 4 19 20 1 4 16 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 4 4 20 20 21",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Flowers",
"orig": "la:Flowers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It's good too to blend a taste of pounded oak-apples / and dry rose leaves […]",
"ref": "c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Vergilius, Georgicon 4.267",
"text": "Proderit et tunsum gallae admiscere saporem / arentesque rosas […]",
"translation": "It's good too to blend a taste of pounded oak-apples / and dry rose leaves […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Farther on, there are roses too along the path, and the cool shade is pleasantly alternated with sunshine. Having passed through these manifold winding alleys, the path resumes a straight course, and at the same time divides into several tracks, separated by box hedges.\nEven roses grow there, and the warmth of the sun is delightful as a change from the cool of the shade. When you come to the end of these various winding alleys, the boundary again runs straight, or should I say boundaries, for there are a number of paths with box shrubs between them.",
"ref": "61 CE – c. 112 CE, Plinius Minor, Epistulae 5",
"text": "Inde etiam rosas effert, umbrarumque frigus non ingrato sole distinguit. Finito vario illo multiplicique curvamine recto limiti redditur nec huic uni, nam viae plures intercedentibus buxis dividuntur.",
"translation": "Farther on, there are roses too along the path, and the cool shade is pleasantly alternated with sunshine. Having passed through these manifold winding alleys, the path resumes a straight course, and at the same time divides into several tracks, separated by box hedges.\nEven roses grow there, and the warmth of the sun is delightful as a change from the cool of the shade. When you come to the end of these various winding alleys, the boundary again runs straight, or should I say boundaries, for there are a number of paths with box shrubs between them.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rose (plant of the genus Rosa or its flower)"
],
"id": "en-rosa-la-noun-KVIzFI8t",
"links": [
[
"rose",
"rose"
],
[
"Rosa",
"Rosa#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"english": "my rose",
"text": "mea rosa",
"translation": "my rose",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dear, rose, sweetheart, love (word of endearment)"
],
"id": "en-rosa-la-noun-sxmCnKRH",
"links": [
[
"dear",
"dear"
],
[
"rose",
"rose"
],
[
"sweetheart",
"sweetheart"
],
[
"love",
"love"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense) dear, rose, sweetheart, love (word of endearment)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈrɔ.sa]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrɔː.s̬a]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrɔ.saː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrɔː.s̬a]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "rosa"
}
{
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*Hwerdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "grc:ῥόδον<id:rose><unc:1>",
"id": "rose"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"rose\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"flower\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Iranian\", \"term\" : \"*wardah\", \"lang\" : \"ira-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ῥόδον\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"rosa\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"rose\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"rosa\" id=\"Latin:_rose\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "derived"
},
"expansion": "derived",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ῥόδον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "mysterious"
},
"expansion": "mysterious",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "osc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Oscan",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ira-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably derived from a variant of Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon), but some of the details remain mysterious. Possibly via another Italic language like Oscan, or alternatively via the Aeolic version of ῥοδέᾱ (rhodéā, “rose-bush”) which would have been *ῥοζά (*rhozá).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rosā",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "noun form",
"head": "rosā"
},
"expansion": "rosā",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Forms linking to themselves",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rosa"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ablative singular of rosa"
],
"id": "en-rosa-la-noun-f4DGfBAQ",
"links": [
[
"rosa",
"rosa#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"form-of",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈrɔ.sa]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrɔː.s̬a]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrɔ.saː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrɔː.s̬a]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "rosa"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nl": "1"
},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rōsa",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "participle form",
"head": "rōsa"
},
"expansion": "rōsa",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rōsus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rōsus:",
"nominative/vocative feminine singular"
],
"id": "en-rosa-la-verb-CGVrPuci",
"links": [
[
"rōsus",
"rosus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"form-of",
"nominative",
"participle",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rōsus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rōsus:",
"nominative/accusative/vocative neuter plural"
],
"id": "en-rosa-la-verb-mt-zm9~H",
"links": [
[
"rōsus",
"rosus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"participle",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈroː.sa]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrɔː.s̬a]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈroː.saː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrɔː.s̬a]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "rosa"
}
{
"etymology_number": "2",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nl": "1"
},
"expansion": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "See the etymology of the corresponding lemma form.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rōsā",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "participle form",
"head": "rōsā"
},
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"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "21 2 10 20 20 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rōsus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ablative feminine singular of rōsus"
],
"id": "en-rosa-la-verb-PI5r5fwv",
"links": [
[
"rōsus",
"rosus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"form-of",
"participle",
"singular"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈroː.sa]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrɔː.s̬a]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈroː.saː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrɔː.s̬a]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "rosa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin noun forms",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin participle forms",
"Latin terms borrowed from Ancient Greek",
"Latin terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Latin terms derived from Oscan",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *Hwerdʰ-",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages linking to anchors not found in Appendix:Glossary",
"Pages with 39 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"la:Flowers"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Emilian",
"lang_code": "egl",
"word": "róśa"
},
{
"lang": "Ligurian",
"lang_code": "lij",
"word": "rêuza"
},
{
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "ròsa"
},
{
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "rösa"
},
{
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "ròs"
},
{
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "roeusa"
},
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"word": "reusa"
}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Italic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Corsican",
"lang_code": "co",
"word": "rosa"
},
{
"lang": "Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "dlm",
"word": "ruosa"
},
{
"lang": "Istriot",
"lang_code": "ist",
"word": "roza"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "rosa"
},
{
"lang": "Neapolitan",
"lang_code": "nap",
"word": "rosa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Maltese",
"lang_code": "mt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "roża"
}
],
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "rosa"
}
],
"lang": "Italo-Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "rosa"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "ròsa"
}
],
"lang": "Old Occitan",
"lang_code": "pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "rose"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "rosa"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"raw_tags": [
"Vallader"
],
"tags": [
"Puter"
],
"word": "rösa"
}
],
"lang": "Rhaeto-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "rosa"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "arrosa"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "ròxa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aragonese",
"lang_code": "an",
"word": "rosa"
},
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "rosa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "rosa"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "rosa"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "rosa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "rosa"
},
{
"lang": "Ladino",
"lang_code": "lad",
"word": "roza"
},
{
"lang": "Ladino",
"lang_code": "lad",
"word": "רוזה"
}
],
"lang": "Old Spanish",
"lang_code": "osp",
"raw_tags": [
"semi-learned borrowing",
"semi-learned"
],
"word": "rosa"
}
],
"lang": "West Iberian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Basque",
"lang_code": "eu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "arrosa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Breton",
"lang_code": "br",
"word": "roz"
},
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"word": "ros"
},
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "rhos"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*rros"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "rose"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "rose"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rose"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "rose"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "rose"
},
{
"lang": "Picard",
"lang_code": "pcd",
"word": "rose"
},
{
"lang": "Walloon",
"lang_code": "wa",
"word": "rôze"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "rós"
},
{
"lang": "Manx",
"lang_code": "gv",
"word": "rose"
},
{
"lang": "Scottish Gaelic",
"lang_code": "gd",
"word": "ròs"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Irish",
"lang_code": "mga",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rós"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rose"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"sense": "pink",
"word": "rosa"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*rōsā"
},
{
"lang": "Hungarian",
"lang_code": "hu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rózsa"
},
{
"lang": "Luxembourgish",
"lang_code": "lb",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rosa"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "roză"
},
{
"lang": "Old Church Slavonic",
"lang_code": "cu",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "roža",
"word": "рожа"
},
{
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "roza",
"word": "роза"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "roze"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Föhr-Amrum",
"lang_code": "frr",
"word": "ruus"
},
{
"lang": "Mooring",
"lang_code": "frr",
"word": "rous"
},
{
"lang": "Sylt",
"lang_code": "frr",
"word": "Ruus"
}
],
"lang": "North Frisian",
"lang_code": "frr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
]
},
{
"lang": "West Frisian",
"lang_code": "fy",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rôze"
},
{
"lang": "Ladino",
"lang_code": "lad",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "roz"
},
{
"lang": "Lingala",
"lang_code": "ln",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "roze"
},
{
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rožė"
},
{
"lang": "Macedonian",
"lang_code": "mk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "roza",
"word": "роза"
},
{
"lang": "Malay",
"lang_code": "ms",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ros"
},
{
"lang": "Northern Sami",
"lang_code": "se",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ruvsu"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "róż"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Kyrgyz",
"lang_code": "ky",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "roza",
"word": "роза"
},
{
"lang": "Veps",
"lang_code": "vep",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "roza"
}
],
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "róza",
"word": "ро́за"
},
{
"lang": "Rwanda-Rundi",
"lang_code": "rw",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "iroza"
},
{
"lang": "Samogitian",
"lang_code": "sgs",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ruožė"
},
{
"lang": "Silesian",
"lang_code": "szl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rołza"
},
{
"lang": "Tongan",
"lang_code": "to",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "lose"
},
{
"lang": "Ukrainian",
"lang_code": "uk",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "roza",
"word": "роза"
},
{
"lang": "Veps",
"lang_code": "vep",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "ruza"
},
{
"lang": "Voro",
"lang_code": "vor",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "roosa"
}
],
"etymology_number": "1",
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*Hwerdʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":bor",
"3": "grc:ῥόδον<id:rose><unc:1>",
"id": "rose"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"rose\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"flower\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Iranian\", \"term\" : \"*wardah\", \"lang\" : \"ira-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ῥόδον\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"rosa\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"rose\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"rosa\" id=\"Latin:_rose\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "derived"
},
"expansion": "derived",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "grc",
"3": "ῥόδον"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "mysterious"
},
"expansion": "mysterious",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "osc",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Oscan",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ira-pro"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably derived from a variant of Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon), but some of the details remain mysterious. Possibly via another Italic language like Oscan, or alternatively via the Aeolic version of ῥοδέᾱ (rhodéā, “rose-bush”) which would have been *ῥοζά (*rhozá).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rosae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rosa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rosae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rosae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rosārum",
"links": [
[
"rosārum",
"rosarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rosae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rosīs",
"links": [
[
"rosīs",
"rosis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rosam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rosās",
"links": [
[
"rosās",
"rosas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rosā",
"links": [
[
"rosā",
"rosa#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rosīs",
"links": [
[
"rosīs",
"rosis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rosa",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rosae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rosa<1>"
},
"expansion": "rosa f (genitive rosae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rosa<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "rosāceus"
},
{
"word": "rosāns"
},
{
"word": "rosārium"
},
{
"word": "rosārius"
},
{
"word": "rosētum"
},
{
"word": "roseus"
},
{
"word": "rosulentus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "It's good too to blend a taste of pounded oak-apples / and dry rose leaves […]",
"ref": "c. 37 BCE – 30 BCE, Vergilius, Georgicon 4.267",
"text": "Proderit et tunsum gallae admiscere saporem / arentesque rosas […]",
"translation": "It's good too to blend a taste of pounded oak-apples / and dry rose leaves […]",
"type": "quotation"
},
{
"english": "Farther on, there are roses too along the path, and the cool shade is pleasantly alternated with sunshine. Having passed through these manifold winding alleys, the path resumes a straight course, and at the same time divides into several tracks, separated by box hedges.\nEven roses grow there, and the warmth of the sun is delightful as a change from the cool of the shade. When you come to the end of these various winding alleys, the boundary again runs straight, or should I say boundaries, for there are a number of paths with box shrubs between them.",
"ref": "61 CE – c. 112 CE, Plinius Minor, Epistulae 5",
"text": "Inde etiam rosas effert, umbrarumque frigus non ingrato sole distinguit. Finito vario illo multiplicique curvamine recto limiti redditur nec huic uni, nam viae plures intercedentibus buxis dividuntur.",
"translation": "Farther on, there are roses too along the path, and the cool shade is pleasantly alternated with sunshine. Having passed through these manifold winding alleys, the path resumes a straight course, and at the same time divides into several tracks, separated by box hedges.\nEven roses grow there, and the warmth of the sun is delightful as a change from the cool of the shade. When you come to the end of these various winding alleys, the boundary again runs straight, or should I say boundaries, for there are a number of paths with box shrubs between them.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rose (plant of the genus Rosa or its flower)"
],
"links": [
[
"rose",
"rose"
],
[
"Rosa",
"Rosa#Translingual"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with transferred senses",
"Latin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
4,
8
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
3,
7
]
],
"english": "my rose",
"text": "mea rosa",
"translation": "my rose",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"dear, rose, sweetheart, love (word of endearment)"
],
"links": [
[
"dear",
"dear"
],
[
"rose",
"rose"
],
[
"sweetheart",
"sweetheart"
],
[
"love",
"love"
]
],
"qualifier": "transferred sense",
"raw_glosses": [
"(transferred sense) dear, rose, sweetheart, love (word of endearment)"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈrɔ.sa]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrɔː.s̬a]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrɔ.saː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrɔː.s̬a]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "rosa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin noun forms",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin participle forms",
"Latin terms borrowed from Ancient Greek",
"Latin terms derived from Ancient Greek",
"Latin terms derived from Oscan",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Iranian",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *Hwerdʰ-",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages linking to anchors not found in Appendix:Glossary",
"Pages with 39 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"la:Flowers"
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"2": ":bor",
"3": "grc:ῥόδον<id:rose><unc:1>",
"id": "rose"
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"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"rose\", \"children\" : [ { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"der.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Derived from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"flower\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Iranian\", \"term\" : \"*wardah\", \"lang\" : \"ira-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Ancient Greek\", \"term\" : \"ῥόδον\", \"lang\" : \"grc\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"rosa\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"rose\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"rosa\" id=\"Latin:_rose\">",
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{
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"1": "la",
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"expansion": "",
"name": "dercat"
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"etymology_text": "Probably derived from a variant of Ancient Greek ῥόδον (rhódon), but some of the details remain mysterious. Possibly via another Italic language like Oscan, or alternatively via the Aeolic version of ῥοδέᾱ (rhodéā, “rose-bush”) which would have been *ῥοζά (*rhozá).",
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{
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"tags": [
"canonical"
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"args": {
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"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Forms linking to themselves"
],
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{
"word": "rosa"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ablative singular of rosa"
],
"links": [
[
"rosa",
"rosa#Latin"
]
],
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}
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{
"ipa": "[ˈrɔ.sa]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrɔː.s̬a]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrɔ.saː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrɔː.s̬a]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "rosa"
}
{
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{
"form": "rōsa",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"head": "rōsa"
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],
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"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
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{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rōsus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rōsus:",
"nominative/vocative feminine singular"
],
"links": [
[
"rōsus",
"rosus#Latin"
]
],
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"feminine",
"form-of",
"nominative",
"participle",
"singular",
"vocative"
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{
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{
"word": "rōsus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"inflection of rōsus:",
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],
"links": [
[
"rōsus",
"rosus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"accusative",
"form-of",
"neuter",
"nominative",
"participle",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈroː.sa]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrɔː.s̬a]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈroː.saː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrɔː.s̬a]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "rosa"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin non-lemma forms",
"Latin participle forms",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 39 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon",
"la:Flowers"
],
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"name": "ety"
}
],
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"forms": [
{
"form": "rōsā",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
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{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "participle form",
"head": "rōsā"
},
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"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"form_of": [
{
"word": "rōsus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"ablative feminine singular of rōsus"
],
"links": [
[
"rōsus",
"rosus#Latin"
]
],
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"form-of",
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]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈroː.sa]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrɔː.s̬a]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈroː.saː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrɔː.s̬a]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "rosa"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rosa meaning in Latin (18.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.