See re- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "re-"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: re-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: re-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "re-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: re-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: re-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "re-",
"3": "ré-",
"4": "r-"
},
"expansion": "French: re-, ré-, r-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: re-, ré-, r-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "re-"
},
"expansion": "Galician: re-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: re-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "re-"
},
"expansion": "Interlingua: re-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Interlingua: re-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "re-",
"3": "ri-"
},
"expansion": "Italian: re-, ri-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: re-, ri-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "re-",
"3": "èr-"
},
"expansion": "Norman: re-, èr-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: re-, èr-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "re-"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: re-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: re-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pcd",
"2": "ar-"
},
"expansion": "Picard: ar-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Picard: ar-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "re-"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: re-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: re-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ră-",
"3": "re-"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: ră-, re-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: ră-, re-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "re-"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: re-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: re-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "inh",
"3": "itc-pro>*wre->again",
"id": "back"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*wre-",
"t": "again"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *wre- (“again”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wert-",
"t": "to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ure-",
"t": "back"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ure- (“back”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*rakъ",
"3": "",
"4": "crayfish, lobster"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *rakъ (“crayfish, lobster”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "rrë-",
"3": "",
"4": "back",
"pos": "preverb"
},
"expansion": "Albanian rrë- (“back”, preverb)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *wre- (“again”), which has a parallel in Umbrian re-, but its further etymology is uncertain (OED).\nWhile it carries a general sense of \"back\" or \"backwards\", its precise sense is not always clear, and its great productivity in classical Latin has the tendency to obscure its original meaning.\nWatkins proposes a metathesis of Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”), while de Vaan suggests Proto-Indo-European *ure- (“back”), which may be found in Proto-Slavic *rakъ (“crayfish, lobster”) (tentatively, in an original sense *“looking backwards”) and Albanian rrë- (“back”, preverb), unless the latter is borrowed from Latin.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "re-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"back, backwards"
],
"id": "en-re--la-prefix-P62J3eMl",
"links": [
[
"back",
"back"
],
[
"backwards",
"backwards"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "re- + glūtinō (“glue”) → reglūtinō (“unglue, separate”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "re- + neō (“spin, weave, entwine”) → reneō (“unspin, unravel”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "re- + gelō (“freeze, congeal”) → regelō (“thaw, unfreeze”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"un-, de-"
],
"id": "en-re--la-prefix-Ze45qlRE",
"links": [
[
"un-",
"un-"
],
[
"de-",
"de-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "3 0 97",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 0 97",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"again; prefix added to various words to indicate an action being done again, or like the other usages indicated above under English."
],
"id": "en-re--la-prefix-zSc8~d4X",
"links": [
[
"again",
"again"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "re-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin prefixes",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 24 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "re-"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: re-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: re-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "re-",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: re-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: re-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "re-",
"3": "ré-",
"4": "r-"
},
"expansion": "French: re-, ré-, r-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: re-, ré-, r-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "re-"
},
"expansion": "Galician: re-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: re-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ia",
"2": "re-"
},
"expansion": "Interlingua: re-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Interlingua: re-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "re-",
"3": "ri-"
},
"expansion": "Italian: re-, ri-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: re-, ri-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nrf",
"2": "re-",
"3": "èr-"
},
"expansion": "Norman: re-, èr-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norman: re-, èr-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "re-"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: re-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: re-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pcd",
"2": "ar-"
},
"expansion": "Picard: ar-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Picard: ar-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "re-"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: re-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: re-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "ră-",
"3": "re-"
},
"expansion": "Romanian: ră-, re-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romanian: ră-, re-"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "re-"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: re-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: re-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "inh",
"3": "itc-pro>*wre->again",
"id": "back"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*wre-",
"t": "again"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *wre- (“again”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wert-",
"t": "to turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ure-",
"t": "back"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ure- (“back”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*rakъ",
"3": "",
"4": "crayfish, lobster"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *rakъ (“crayfish, lobster”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "rrë-",
"3": "",
"4": "back",
"pos": "preverb"
},
"expansion": "Albanian rrë- (“back”, preverb)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *wre- (“again”), which has a parallel in Umbrian re-, but its further etymology is uncertain (OED).\nWhile it carries a general sense of \"back\" or \"backwards\", its precise sense is not always clear, and its great productivity in classical Latin has the tendency to obscure its original meaning.\nWatkins proposes a metathesis of Proto-Indo-European *wert- (“to turn”), while de Vaan suggests Proto-Indo-European *ure- (“back”), which may be found in Proto-Slavic *rakъ (“crayfish, lobster”) (tentatively, in an original sense *“looking backwards”) and Albanian rrë- (“back”, preverb), unless the latter is borrowed from Latin.",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "re-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"back, backwards"
],
"links": [
[
"back",
"back"
],
[
"backwards",
"backwards"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"examples": [
{
"text": "re- + glūtinō (“glue”) → reglūtinō (“unglue, separate”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "re- + neō (“spin, weave, entwine”) → reneō (“unspin, unravel”)",
"type": "example"
},
{
"text": "re- + gelō (“freeze, congeal”) → regelō (“thaw, unfreeze”)",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"un-, de-"
],
"links": [
[
"un-",
"un-"
],
[
"de-",
"de-"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"again; prefix added to various words to indicate an action being done again, or like the other usages indicated above under English."
],
"links": [
[
"again",
"again"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme"
]
}
],
"word": "re-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for re- meaning in Latin (4.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.