See rapum in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
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{
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},
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{
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}
],
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},
{
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},
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}
],
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},
{
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},
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},
{
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{
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},
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}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Italic",
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},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
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}
],
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"lang_code": "frm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rave"
}
],
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
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},
{
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"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"hapax"
],
"word": "reve"
}
],
"lang": "Northern",
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},
{
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{
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],
"word": "rap"
},
{
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{
"lang": "Gascon",
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},
{
"lang": "Gascon",
"lang_code": "oc-gas",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "rabon"
}
],
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "raba"
}
],
"lang": "Southern",
"lang_code": "sdh"
}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
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{
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},
{
"lang": "Asturian",
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},
{
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},
{
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"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "rabo"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "rabo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "rabo"
},
{
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{
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},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "rabo"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "rabo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "rrabo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ladino",
"lang_code": "lad",
"word": "ravo"
},
{
"lang": "Ladino",
"lang_code": "lad",
"word": "ראב׳ו"
},
{
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{
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],
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}
],
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},
{
"descendants": [
{
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"word": "ravo"
},
{
"lang": "Ladino",
"lang_code": "lad",
"word": "ראב׳ו"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
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"word": "rabo"
}
],
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"word": "rabo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Spanish",
"lang_code": "osp",
"word": "rrabo"
}
],
"lang": "Ibero-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
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"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "raba"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "arraba"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
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}
],
"lang": "Insular Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
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"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "rabassa"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la-vul",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*rāpācea"
},
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rrepë"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "raap"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "Raps"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rape"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
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"lang_code": "en",
"word": "rape"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rape"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*(s)rā́ps",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)rā́ps"
],
[
"*rāpom",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/rāpom"
],
[
"*rāpom",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/rāpom"
],
[
"*(s)rā́ps",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)rā́ps"
],
[
"Rübe",
"Rübe#German"
],
[
"ruoba",
"ruoba#Old_High_German"
],
[
"roeve",
"roeve#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"rope",
"rope#Lithuanian"
],
[
"репа",
"репа#Old_Church_Slavonic"
],
[
"ῥάφη",
"ῥάφη#Ancient_Greek"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "itc-pro:*rāpom<ety:inh<ine-pro:<alt:*(s)rāpóm><ety:af<*(s)rā́ps>>>>",
"title": "rāpum",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nsubstratebor.\nProto-Indo-European *(s)rā́ps\nProto-Indo-European *(s)rāpóm\nProto-Italic *rāpom\nLatin rāpum\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"lang_name\" : \"substrate\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"qfa-sub\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*(s)rā́ps\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*rāpom\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"rāpum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"rāpum\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*rāpom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *rāpom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)rā́ps"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)rā́ps",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nsubstratebor.\nProto-Indo-European *(s)rā́ps\nProto-Indo-European *(s)rāpóm\nProto-Italic *rāpom\nLatin rāpum\nFrom Proto-Italic *rāpom, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)rā́ps; see also German Rübe (“turnip, rape”), Old High German ruoba, Middle Dutch roeve, Lithuanian rope, Old Church Slavonic репа (repa), Ancient Greek ῥάφη (rháphē, “turnip”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rāpum",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "rāpī",
"links": [
[
"rāpī",
"rapi"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rāpum",
"links": [
[
"rāpum",
"rapum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rāpa",
"links": [
[
"rāpa",
"rapa#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rāpī",
"links": [
[
"rāpī",
"rapi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rāpōrum",
"links": [
[
"rāpōrum",
"raporum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rāpō",
"links": [
[
"rāpō",
"rapo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rāpīs",
"links": [
[
"rāpīs",
"rapis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rāpum",
"links": [
[
"rāpum",
"rapum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rāpa",
"links": [
[
"rāpa",
"rapa#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rāpō",
"links": [
[
"rāpō",
"rapo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rāpīs",
"links": [
[
"rāpīs",
"rapis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rāpum",
"links": [
[
"rāpum",
"rapum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rāpa",
"links": [
[
"rāpa",
"rapa#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rāpa",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rāpum<2>"
},
"expansion": "rāpum n (genitive rāpī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rāpum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 2 entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Brassicas",
"orig": "la:Brassicas",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Root vegetables",
"orig": "la:Root vegetables",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rāpistrum"
},
{
"word": "rāpulum"
}
],
"glosses": [
"turnip"
],
"id": "en-rapum-la-noun-YJqQIEFI",
"links": [
[
"turnip",
"turnip"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "turnip",
"word": "nāpus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈraː.pũː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈraː.pum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "rapum"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "rāpistrum"
},
{
"word": "rāpulum"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "rapo"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "rapa"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "rapa"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "rava"
}
],
"lang": "Italo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "râf"
},
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "râv"
}
],
"lang": "Rhaeto-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Emilian",
"lang_code": "egl",
"word": "rava"
},
{
"lang": "Emilian",
"lang_code": "egl",
"word": "rèva"
},
{
"lang": "Ligurian",
"lang_code": "lij",
"word": "rava"
},
{
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "raa"
},
{
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "rava"
},
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"word": "rava"
},
{
"lang": "Romagnol",
"lang_code": "rgn",
"word": "rèva"
}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Italic",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "rave"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rave"
}
],
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"word": "râva"
},
{
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"hapax"
],
"word": "reve"
}
],
"lang": "Northern",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "rap"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gascon",
"lang_code": "oc-gas",
"word": "arraba"
},
{
"lang": "Gascon",
"lang_code": "oc-gas",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "rabon"
}
],
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "raba"
}
],
"lang": "Southern",
"lang_code": "sdh"
}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aragonese",
"lang_code": "an",
"word": "rabo"
},
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "rabu"
},
{
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{
"lang": "Fala",
"lang_code": "fax",
"word": "rabu"
},
{
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"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "rabo"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "rabo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "rabo"
},
{
"descendants": [
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"lang_code": "fax",
"word": "rabu"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "rabo"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "rabo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "rrabo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ladino",
"lang_code": "lad",
"word": "ravo"
},
{
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"lang_code": "lad",
"word": "ראב׳ו"
},
{
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"lang_code": "cbk",
"word": "rabo"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
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"word": "rabo"
}
],
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"lang_code": "osp",
"word": "rabo"
},
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"lang_code": "lad",
"word": "ravo"
},
{
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"word": "ראב׳ו"
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"word": "rabo"
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],
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}
],
"lang": "Old Spanish",
"lang_code": "osp",
"word": "rrabo"
}
],
"lang": "Ibero-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "raba"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "arraba"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "rava"
}
],
"lang": "Insular Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
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"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "rabassa"
}
],
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la-vul",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*rāpācea"
},
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rrepë"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"word": "raap"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "Raps"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Dutch",
"lang_code": "dum",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rape"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
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"lang_code": "en",
"word": "rape"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "rape"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*(s)rā́ps",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)rā́ps"
],
[
"*rāpom",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/rāpom"
],
[
"*rāpom",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/rāpom"
],
[
"*(s)rā́ps",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(s)rā́ps"
],
[
"Rübe",
"Rübe#German"
],
[
"ruoba",
"ruoba#Old_High_German"
],
[
"roeve",
"roeve#Middle_Dutch"
],
[
"rope",
"rope#Lithuanian"
],
[
"репа",
"репа#Old_Church_Slavonic"
],
[
"ῥάφη",
"ῥάφη#Ancient_Greek"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "itc-pro:*rāpom<ety:inh<ine-pro:<alt:*(s)rāpóm><ety:af<*(s)rā́ps>>>>",
"title": "rāpum",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nsubstratebor.\nProto-Indo-European *(s)rā́ps\nProto-Indo-European *(s)rāpóm\nProto-Italic *rāpom\nLatin rāpum\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"lang_name\" : \"substrate\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang\" : \"qfa-sub\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*(s)rā́ps\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*rāpom\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"rāpum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"rāpum\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*rāpom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *rāpom",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(s)rā́ps"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)rā́ps",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nsubstratebor.\nProto-Indo-European *(s)rā́ps\nProto-Indo-European *(s)rāpóm\nProto-Italic *rāpom\nLatin rāpum\nFrom Proto-Italic *rāpom, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)rā́ps; see also German Rübe (“turnip, rape”), Old High German ruoba, Middle Dutch roeve, Lithuanian rope, Old Church Slavonic репа (repa), Ancient Greek ῥάφη (rháphē, “turnip”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "rāpum",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "rāpī",
"links": [
[
"rāpī",
"rapi"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "rāpum",
"links": [
[
"rāpum",
"rapum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rāpa",
"links": [
[
"rāpa",
"rapa#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rāpī",
"links": [
[
"rāpī",
"rapi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rāpōrum",
"links": [
[
"rāpōrum",
"raporum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rāpō",
"links": [
[
"rāpō",
"rapo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rāpīs",
"links": [
[
"rāpīs",
"rapis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rāpum",
"links": [
[
"rāpum",
"rapum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rāpa",
"links": [
[
"rāpa",
"rapa#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rāpō",
"links": [
[
"rāpō",
"rapo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rāpīs",
"links": [
[
"rāpīs",
"rapis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rāpum",
"links": [
[
"rāpum",
"rapum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rāpa",
"links": [
[
"rāpa",
"rapa#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rāpa",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rāpum<2>"
},
"expansion": "rāpum n (genitive rāpī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rāpum<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with etymology trees",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from substrate languages",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *(s)rā́ps",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Pages with inline etymon for redlinks",
"la:Brassicas",
"la:Root vegetables"
],
"glosses": [
"turnip"
],
"links": [
[
"turnip",
"turnip"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈraː.pũː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈraː.pum]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "turnip",
"word": "nāpus"
}
],
"word": "rapum"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rapum meaning in Latin (9.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.