See protervus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"word": "proterviō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "protervo"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "protervo"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "protervo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Unclear"
},
"expansion": "Unclear",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prōterō",
"3": "vus"
},
"expansion": "prōterō + -vus",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unclear. Based on manuscript variants starting with propt-, it has been proposed to derive from an original *pro-petes-wo- (from the root of petō) with a change of /sw/ to /rw/ as in Minerva. Donatus interpreted it as a derivative of prōterō + -vus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "proterva",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "protervum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "protervior",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "protervus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "proterva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "protervum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "protervī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "protervae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "proterva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "protervī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "protervae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "protervī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "protervōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "protervārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "protervōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "protervō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "protervae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "protervō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "protervīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "protervum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "protervam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "protervum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "protervōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "protervās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "proterva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "protervō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "protervā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "protervō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "protervīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "proterve",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "proterva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "protervum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "protervī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "protervae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "proterva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "proptervus",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "protervos",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "protervus",
"comp": "protervior"
},
"expansion": "protervus (feminine proterva, neuter protervum, comparative protervior); first/second-declension adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "protervus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "73 12 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -vus",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "72 13 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms where prefixed pro- is short",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "100 0 0",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"violent, vehement"
],
"id": "en-protervus-la-adj-ee2aii35",
"links": [
[
"violent",
"violent"
],
[
"vehement",
"vehement"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"reckless, wanton, shameless, impudent"
],
"id": "en-protervus-la-adj-tjvxZcva",
"links": [
[
"reckless",
"reckless"
],
[
"wanton",
"wanton"
],
[
"shameless",
"shameless"
],
[
"impudent",
"impudent"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"audacious"
],
"id": "en-protervus-la-adj-V6U~Xy1y",
"links": [
[
"audacious",
"audacious"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[prɔˈtɛr.wʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[proˈtɛr.vus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "protervus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin adjectives",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin first and second declension adjectives",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin terms suffixed with -vus",
"Latin terms where prefixed pro- is short",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "proterviō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "protervo"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "protervo"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "protervo"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Unclear"
},
"expansion": "Unclear",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "prōterō",
"3": "vus"
},
"expansion": "prōterō + -vus",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unclear. Based on manuscript variants starting with propt-, it has been proposed to derive from an original *pro-petes-wo- (from the root of petō) with a change of /sw/ to /rw/ as in Minerva. Donatus interpreted it as a derivative of prōterō + -vus.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "proterva",
"tags": [
"feminine"
]
},
{
"form": "protervum",
"tags": [
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "protervior",
"tags": [
"comparative"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-adecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "protervus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "proterva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "protervum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "protervī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "protervae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "proterva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "protervī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "protervae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "protervī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "protervōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "protervārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "protervōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "protervō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "protervae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "protervō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "protervīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "protervum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "protervam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "protervum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "protervōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "protervās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "proterva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "protervō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "protervā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "protervō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "protervīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"feminine",
"masculine",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "proterve",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "proterva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "protervum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "protervī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "protervae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "proterva",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "proptervus",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
},
{
"form": "protervos",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "protervus",
"comp": "protervior"
},
"expansion": "protervus (feminine proterva, neuter protervum, comparative protervior); first/second-declension adjective",
"name": "la-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "protervus"
},
"name": "la-adecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"violent, vehement"
],
"links": [
[
"violent",
"violent"
],
[
"vehement",
"vehement"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"reckless, wanton, shameless, impudent"
],
"links": [
[
"reckless",
"reckless"
],
[
"wanton",
"wanton"
],
[
"shameless",
"shameless"
],
[
"impudent",
"impudent"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"audacious"
],
"links": [
[
"audacious",
"audacious"
]
],
"tags": [
"adjective",
"declension-1",
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[prɔˈtɛr.wʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[proˈtɛr.vus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "protervus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for protervus meaning in Latin (5.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.