"marculus" meaning in Latin

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Galician",
      "lang_code": "gl",
      "raw_tags": [
        "inherited",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "macho"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "raw_tags": [
        "inherited",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "macho"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": ":der",
        "3": "ine-pro:*melh₂-<id:grind><unc:1>",
        "id": "hammer"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "Disputed"
      },
      "expansion": "Disputed",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*molH-ko-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *molH-ko-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*molH-ko-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *molH-ko-",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*molH-tlo-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *molH-tlo-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*marnati"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *marnati",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*mṛh₂-tlom"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mṛh₂-tlom",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Disputed. The term may be ultimately connected with the root *melh₂- (“to grind”).\n* This term has been explained as a diminutive to a noun formed from earlier Proto-Indo-European *molH-ko-. According to this theory, Proto-Indo-European *molH-ko- gave rise to a diminutive noun *malakelo-, which then transformed into *malkelo-, before then changing into *markelo- via the dissimilation or l to r. Alternatively, the term may have begun as *malalo-kelo- and then evolved into *mallokelo- before developing into *malkelo-.\n* Another theory maintains that the term originated from Proto-Indo-European *molH-tlo-, before undergoing a development *moltlo- > *molklo- > *morklo- > marculus. This explanation is favored by De Vaan, though it is criticized by Prósper, who considers the o-grade \"unjustified.\" Prósper further argues that the expected form outcome of this sequence would be *mulcrum. According to Prósper, the second l would be the expected target of dissimilation, such as in fulcrum. Moreover, Prósper suggests that the /o/ ought to be raised in this positing, nothing comparable forms such as pulsus and ultimus.\n* Prósper proposes a derivation from the root *merh₂-, whence also perhaps Proto-Celtic *marnati. According to Prósper, the term may have followed a development from Proto-Indo-European *mṛh₂-tlom > *marklo- > marculus.\nSee also malleus (“hammer, mallet”), with which it is related.\nDue to the -ulus being misanalysed as the diminutive suffix -ulus, marcus was later fabricated by analogy.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "marculī",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "marculus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "marculī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "marculī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "marculōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "marculō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "marculīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "marculum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "marculōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "marculō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "marculīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "marcule",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "marculī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "martulus",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "marculus<2>"
      },
      "expansion": "marculus m (genitive marculī); second declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "marculus<2>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "martellus"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "small hammer, (Old Latin, post-Augustan) hammer"
      ],
      "id": "en-marculus-la-noun-JbUgdL-C",
      "links": [
        [
          "hammer",
          "hammer"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈmar.kʊ.ɫʊs]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈmar.ku.lus]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "marculus"
}

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "martellus"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Galician",
      "lang_code": "gl",
      "raw_tags": [
        "inherited",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "macho"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "raw_tags": [
        "inherited",
        "uncertain"
      ],
      "word": "macho"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": ":der",
        "3": "ine-pro:*melh₂-<id:grind><unc:1>",
        "id": "hammer"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "etymon"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "Disputed"
      },
      "expansion": "Disputed",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*molH-ko-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *molH-ko-",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*molH-ko-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *molH-ko-",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*molH-tlo-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *molH-tlo-",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cel-pro",
        "2": "*marnati"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Celtic *marnati",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*mṛh₂-tlom"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *mṛh₂-tlom",
      "name": "inh"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Disputed. The term may be ultimately connected with the root *melh₂- (“to grind”).\n* This term has been explained as a diminutive to a noun formed from earlier Proto-Indo-European *molH-ko-. According to this theory, Proto-Indo-European *molH-ko- gave rise to a diminutive noun *malakelo-, which then transformed into *malkelo-, before then changing into *markelo- via the dissimilation or l to r. Alternatively, the term may have begun as *malalo-kelo- and then evolved into *mallokelo- before developing into *malkelo-.\n* Another theory maintains that the term originated from Proto-Indo-European *molH-tlo-, before undergoing a development *moltlo- > *molklo- > *morklo- > marculus. This explanation is favored by De Vaan, though it is criticized by Prósper, who considers the o-grade \"unjustified.\" Prósper further argues that the expected form outcome of this sequence would be *mulcrum. According to Prósper, the second l would be the expected target of dissimilation, such as in fulcrum. Moreover, Prósper suggests that the /o/ ought to be raised in this positing, nothing comparable forms such as pulsus and ultimus.\n* Prósper proposes a derivation from the root *merh₂-, whence also perhaps Proto-Celtic *marnati. According to Prósper, the term may have followed a development from Proto-Indo-European *mṛh₂-tlom > *marklo- > marculus.\nSee also malleus (“hammer, mallet”), with which it is related.\nDue to the -ulus being misanalysed as the diminutive suffix -ulus, marcus was later fabricated by analogy.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "marculī",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "marculus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "marculī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "marculī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "marculōrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "marculō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "marculīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "marculum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "marculōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "marculō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "marculīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "marcule",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "marculī",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "martulus",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "marculus<2>"
      },
      "expansion": "marculus m (genitive marculī); second declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "marculus<2>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin 3-syllable words",
        "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
        "Latin lemmas",
        "Latin masculine nouns",
        "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
        "Latin nouns",
        "Latin second declension nouns",
        "Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *melh₂-",
        "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
        "Old Latin lemmas",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "small hammer, (Old Latin, post-Augustan) hammer"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hammer",
          "hammer"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-2",
        "masculine"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈmar.kʊ.ɫʊs]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈmar.ku.lus]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "marculus"
}