See lutra in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for lutra meaning in Latin (17.7kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "utra",
"3": "lutra",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "utra, lutra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Campania: utra, lutra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "utra",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "utra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Molise: utra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "otra",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "otra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Apulia: otra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "utra<g:f>",
"3": "otra<g:f>",
"4": "utro<g:m>",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "utra f, otra f, utro m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Basilicata: utra f, otra f, utro m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "lutra",
"3": "utra"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: lutra, utra",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: lutra, utra (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "ludra"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: ludra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: ludra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "lodre"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: lodre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: lodre"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "ludra"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: ludra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: ludra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "ludra"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: ludra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: ludra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "ludra"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: ludra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: ludra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "lodra"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: lodra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: lodra"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "leurre"
},
"expansion": "Old French: leurre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: leurre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"alt": "*luttra",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *luttra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *luttra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "lutre",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old French: lutre m\nFrench: loutre f (see there for further descendants)\nWalloon: lote",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: lutre m\nFrench: loutre f (see there for further descendants)\nWalloon: lote"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "lutra"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: lutra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: lutra"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"alt": "*luntr(i)a",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *luntr(i)a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *luntr(i)a:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "co",
"2": "lontra"
},
"expansion": "Corsican: lontra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Corsican: lontra"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "lontra"
},
"expansion": "Italian: lontra",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: lontra (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "lontra<g:f>",
"3": "ontria<g:f>",
"4": "lontro<g:m>",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "lontra f, ontria f, lontro m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tuscan: lontra f, ontria f, lontro m"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "ondra",
"3": "londra",
"4": "ondria",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "ondra, londra, ondria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Italian: ondra, londra, ondria"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "londra"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: londra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: londra"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "lontra"
},
"expansion": "Ladin: lontra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ladin: lontra"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "londra"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: londra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: londra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "lontra",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Galician: lontra, londra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: lontra, londra"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "lontra"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: lontra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: lontra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "lundër",
"alts": "1",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: lundër, lëndër",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: lundër, lëndër"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"alt": "*lutria, *nutria, *utria",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *lutria, *nutria, *utria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *lutria, *nutria, *utria"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "nùtria"
},
"expansion": "nùtria",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Salerno: nùtria"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "utre"
},
"expansion": "utre",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Basilicata: utre"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "ùtria"
},
"expansion": "ùtria",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "lùtria"
},
"expansion": "lùtria",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Calabrian: ùtria, lùtria"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "lùdria",
"3": "lùria"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: lùdria, lùria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: lùdria, lùria"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "lùdria",
"3": "lòira"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: lùdria, lòira",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: lùdria, lòira"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "lùdria"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: lùdria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: lùdria"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "loirre"
},
"expansion": "Old French: loirre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: loirre"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "loira",
"3": "aloira",
"4": "ludria",
"5": "lueira",
"6": "nuria",
"7": "noira"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: loira, aloira, ludria, lueira, nuria, noira",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: loira, aloira, ludria, lueira, nuria, noira"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "lúria"
},
"expansion": "lúria",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Ribagorçan: lúria"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "llúdria",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: llúdria, llúdriga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: llúdria, llúdriga"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "loira"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: loira",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: loira"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-gas",
"2": "luèira"
},
"expansion": "Gascon: luèira",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "lèira"
},
"expansion": "lèira",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Gascon: luèira, lèira"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prv",
"2": "luria"
},
"expansion": "Provençal: luria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Provençal: luria"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "llóndriga",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: llóndriga, llóndrigu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: llóndriga, llóndrigu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"alt": "*nitria, *itria, *litria",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *nitria, *itria, *litria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *nitria, *itria, *litria"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it"
},
"expansion": "Italian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "itria",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "itria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Umbria: itria"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "nedra",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "nedra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sabine: nedra"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "letra",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "letra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Lazio: letra"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "itria",
"3": "nitra",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "itria, nitra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Abruzzo: itria, nitra"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "itria",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "itria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Basilicata: itria"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "jitria",
"3": "litra",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "jitria, litra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Apulia: jitria, litra"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "itria"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: itria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: itria"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "itria",
"3": "litria",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "itria, litria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Calabrian: itria, litria"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "לוּטְרָה",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "lútra"
},
"expansion": "→ Hebrew: לוּטְרָה (lútra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hebrew: לוּטְרָה (lútra)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*udr-eh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *udr-eh₂",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-dr-"
},
"expansion": "*-dr-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "-tr-"
},
"expansion": "-tr-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "taeter"
},
"expansion": "taeter",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vitrum"
},
"expansion": "vitrum",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "uter",
"id": "wineskin"
},
"expansion": "uter",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*udrós",
"lit": "of water",
"t": "sea animal, otter"
},
"expansion": "*udrós (“sea animal, otter”, literally “of water”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "उद्र",
"t": "otter",
"tr": "udrá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit उद्र (udrá, “otter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὕδρος",
"t": "sea snake"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὕδρος (húdros, “sea snake”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*utraz",
"t": "otter"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *utraz (“otter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*vỳdra",
"t": "otter"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *vỳdra (“otter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "l-"
},
"expansion": "l-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lavō",
"t": "to wash"
},
"expansion": "lavō (“to wash”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lūdō",
"t": "to play"
},
"expansion": "lūdō (“to play”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lupus",
"t": "wolf"
},
"expansion": "lupus (“wolf”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lutum",
"t": "mud, dirt"
},
"expansion": "lutum (“mud, dirt”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "-y-"
},
"expansion": "-y-",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *udr-eh₂, the feminine noun of *udrós (“sea animal, otter”, literally “of water”). The l- was likely introduced by analogy of some other word, such as lavō (“to wash”), lūdō (“to play”), lupus (“wolf”) or lutum (“mud, dirt”). See § descendants notes for information on the Varro for with -y- and the medieval forms.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lutrae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lutra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lutrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lutrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lutrārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lutrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lutrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lutram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lutrās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lutrā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lutrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lutra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lutrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lutra<1>"
},
"expansion": "lutra f (genitive lutrae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lutra<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "lifeform",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Mustelids",
"orig": "la:Mustelids",
"parents": [
"Carnivores",
"Mammals",
"Vertebrates",
"Chordates",
"Animals",
"Lifeforms",
"All topics",
"Life",
"Fundamental",
"Nature"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "medieval",
"word": "lutrārius"
},
{
"english": "medieval",
"word": "lutrīnus"
},
{
"word": "The initial consonant oscillates from l-"
},
{
"word": "*n- to *∅-"
},
{
"word": "a very common oscillation in Romance"
},
{
"english": "otter",
"roman": "énudris",
"word": "as l- and n- are easily rebracketable as the definite and indefinite article respectively. The n- was most likely introduced by influence of the Ancient Greek cognate ἔνυδρις. The absence of any initial consonant"
},
{
"word": "found solely in Italo-Romance"
},
{
"word": "could be analisable as crossing with an unattested pre-classical Latin form"
},
{
"word": "of the pre-Roman Italic substrate"
},
{
"alt": "see etymology",
"word": "as the l- is unetymological in Latin"
},
{
"word": "The form *luntra gets its nasal likely by metathesis and dissimilation of the initial *n- explained above"
},
{
"word": "presumably through a form *nuntra"
},
{
"word": "The first vowel is in many Italo-Romance lects fronted to *-i-"
},
{
"roman": "énudris",
"word": "again most likely under the influence of the Ancient Greek ἔνυδρις. The form lytra"
},
{
"word": "attested already in Varro"
},
{
"word": "might reflect this"
},
{
"word": "The ending in many lects"
},
{
"word": "and as already attested in Medieval Latin"
},
{
"word": "is altered to *-ia"
},
{
"word": "again under the influence of Ancient Greek ἔνυδρις"
},
{
"roman": "énudris, -ios",
"word": "-ιος"
},
{
"english": "otter",
"word": "The Gallo-Romance form *luttra retains its voiceless "
},
{
"english": "otter",
"word": "t"
},
{
"english": "otter",
"word": " under the influence of its Frankish cognate *ot(t)r. Spanish and Aragonese forms also irregularly retain a voiceless "
},
{
"english": "otter",
"word": ""
},
{
"word": "though this is generally explained as influence of Mozarabic"
},
{
"word": "of some southern Italian lect"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Pontic beavers cut off their same parts in urgent danger, on account of which they are known to be hunted; doctors call this castor. Other times, the animal with an awesome bite fells trees near rivers as if with iron, they don't let go of their bites when a part of a human is caught until the bones crack broken. These have a fish's tail, the rest of the appearance is of an otter. Both aquatic, the hair of both softer than fluff.",
"ref": "c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 8.109",
"text": "Eāsdem partēs sibi ipsī Ponticī amputant fibrī perīculō urgente, ob hoc sē petī gnārī; castoreum id vocant medicī. Aliās animal horrendī morsūs arborēs iuxtā flūmina ut ferrō caedit, hominis parte conprehēnsā nōn ante quam frācta concrepuerint ossa morsūs resolvit. Cauda piscium hīs, cētera speciēs lutrae. Utrumque aquāticum, utrīque mollior plūmā pilus."
}
],
"glosses": [
"an otter"
],
"id": "en-lutra-la-noun-c~ALBufr",
"links": [
[
"otter",
"otter"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
],
"word": "lytra"
},
{
"word": "*lutria"
},
{
"word": "*luntra"
},
{
"word": "*nutria"
},
{
"word": "*luttra"
},
{
"word": "luter"
},
{
"word": "lutrea"
},
{
"word": "lutreus"
},
{
"word": "lutrius"
},
{
"word": "lutrum"
},
{
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin"
],
"word": "lutrus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlu.tra/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɫ̪ʊt̪rä]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlu.tra/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈluːt̪rä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "lutra"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "medieval",
"word": "lutrārius"
},
{
"english": "medieval",
"word": "lutrīnus"
},
{
"word": "The initial consonant oscillates from l-"
},
{
"word": "*n- to *∅-"
},
{
"word": "a very common oscillation in Romance"
},
{
"english": "otter",
"roman": "énudris",
"word": "as l- and n- are easily rebracketable as the definite and indefinite article respectively. The n- was most likely introduced by influence of the Ancient Greek cognate ἔνυδρις. The absence of any initial consonant"
},
{
"word": "found solely in Italo-Romance"
},
{
"word": "could be analisable as crossing with an unattested pre-classical Latin form"
},
{
"word": "of the pre-Roman Italic substrate"
},
{
"alt": "see etymology",
"word": "as the l- is unetymological in Latin"
},
{
"word": "The form *luntra gets its nasal likely by metathesis and dissimilation of the initial *n- explained above"
},
{
"word": "presumably through a form *nuntra"
},
{
"word": "The first vowel is in many Italo-Romance lects fronted to *-i-"
},
{
"roman": "énudris",
"word": "again most likely under the influence of the Ancient Greek ἔνυδρις. The form lytra"
},
{
"word": "attested already in Varro"
},
{
"word": "might reflect this"
},
{
"word": "The ending in many lects"
},
{
"word": "and as already attested in Medieval Latin"
},
{
"word": "is altered to *-ia"
},
{
"word": "again under the influence of Ancient Greek ἔνυδρις"
},
{
"roman": "énudris, -ios",
"word": "-ιος"
},
{
"english": "otter",
"word": "The Gallo-Romance form *luttra retains its voiceless "
},
{
"english": "otter",
"word": "t"
},
{
"english": "otter",
"word": " under the influence of its Frankish cognate *ot(t)r. Spanish and Aragonese forms also irregularly retain a voiceless "
},
{
"english": "otter",
"word": ""
},
{
"word": "though this is generally explained as influence of Mozarabic"
},
{
"word": "of some southern Italian lect"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "utra",
"3": "lutra",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "utra, lutra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Campania: utra, lutra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "utra",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "utra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Molise: utra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "otra",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "otra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Apulia: otra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "utra<g:f>",
"3": "otra<g:f>",
"4": "utro<g:m>",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "utra f, otra f, utro m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Basilicata: utra f, otra f, utro m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "lutra",
"3": "utra"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: lutra, utra",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: lutra, utra (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "ludra"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: ludra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: ludra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fur",
"2": "lodre"
},
"expansion": "Friulian: lodre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Friulian: lodre"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lmo",
"2": "ludra"
},
"expansion": "Lombard: ludra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lombard: ludra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "ludra"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: ludra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: ludra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "ludra"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: ludra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: ludra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "lodra"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: lodra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: lodra"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "leurre"
},
"expansion": "Old French: leurre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: leurre"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"alt": "*luttra",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *luttra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *luttra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "lutre",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old French: lutre m\nFrench: loutre f (see there for further descendants)\nWalloon: lote",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: lutre m\nFrench: loutre f (see there for further descendants)\nWalloon: lote"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "rm",
"2": "lutra"
},
"expansion": "Romansch: lutra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Romansch: lutra"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"alt": "*luntr(i)a",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *luntr(i)a",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *luntr(i)a:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "co",
"2": "lontra"
},
"expansion": "Corsican: lontra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Corsican: lontra"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "lontra"
},
"expansion": "Italian: lontra",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: lontra (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "lontra<g:f>",
"3": "ontria<g:f>",
"4": "lontro<g:m>",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "lontra f, ontria f, lontro m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tuscan: lontra f, ontria f, lontro m"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "ondra",
"3": "londra",
"4": "ondria",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "ondra, londra, ondria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Italian: ondra, londra, ondria"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "egl",
"2": "londra"
},
"expansion": "Emilian: londra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Emilian: londra"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lld",
"2": "lontra"
},
"expansion": "Ladin: lontra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ladin: lontra"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "londra"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: londra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: londra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "lontra",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Galician: lontra, londra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Galician: lontra, londra"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "lontra"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: lontra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: lontra"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "lundër",
"alts": "1",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Albanian: lundër, lëndër",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Albanian: lundër, lëndër"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"alt": "*lutria, *nutria, *utria",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *lutria, *nutria, *utria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *lutria, *nutria, *utria"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "nùtria"
},
"expansion": "nùtria",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Salerno: nùtria"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "utre"
},
"expansion": "utre",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Basilicata: utre"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "ùtria"
},
"expansion": "ùtria",
"name": "l"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "lùtria"
},
"expansion": "lùtria",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Calabrian: ùtria, lùtria"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Padanian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lij",
"2": "lùdria",
"3": "lùria"
},
"expansion": "Ligurian: lùdria, lùria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ligurian: lùdria, lùria"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pms",
"2": "lùdria",
"3": "lòira"
},
"expansion": "Piedmontese: lùdria, lòira",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Piedmontese: lùdria, lòira"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "vec",
"2": "lùdria"
},
"expansion": "Venetian: lùdria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Venetian: lùdria"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Northern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "loirre"
},
"expansion": "Old French: loirre",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: loirre"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Southern Gallo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "loira",
"3": "aloira",
"4": "ludria",
"5": "lueira",
"6": "nuria",
"7": "noira"
},
"expansion": "Aragonese: loira, aloira, ludria, lueira, nuria, noira",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Aragonese: loira, aloira, ludria, lueira, nuria, noira"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "an",
"2": "lúria"
},
"expansion": "lúria",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Ribagorçan: lúria"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "llúdria",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: llúdria, llúdriga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: llúdria, llúdriga"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "loira"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: loira",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: loira"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc-gas",
"2": "luèira"
},
"expansion": "Gascon: luèira",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "lèira"
},
"expansion": "lèira",
"name": "l"
}
],
"text": "Gascon: luèira, lèira"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "prv",
"2": "luria"
},
"expansion": "Provençal: luria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Provençal: luria"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Ibero-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ast",
"2": "llóndriga",
"alts": "1"
},
"expansion": "Asturian: llóndriga, llóndrigu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Asturian: llóndriga, llóndrigu"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"alt": "*nitria, *itria, *litria",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *nitria, *itria, *litria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Vulgar Latin: *nitria, *itria, *litria"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italo-Romance:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it"
},
"expansion": "Italian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "itria",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "itria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Umbria: itria"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "nedra",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "nedra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sabine: nedra"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "letra",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "letra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Lazio: letra"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap"
},
"expansion": "Neapolitan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Neapolitan:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "itria",
"3": "nitra",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "itria, nitra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Abruzzo: itria, nitra"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "itria",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "itria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Basilicata: itria"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nap",
"2": "jitria",
"3": "litra",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "jitria, litra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Apulia: jitria, litra"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "itria"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: itria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: itria"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "itria",
"3": "litria",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "itria, litria",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Calabrian: itria, litria"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "לוּטְרָה",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "lútra"
},
"expansion": "→ Hebrew: לוּטְרָה (lútra)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hebrew: לוּטְרָה (lútra)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*udr-eh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *udr-eh₂",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-dr-"
},
"expansion": "*-dr-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "-tr-"
},
"expansion": "-tr-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "taeter"
},
"expansion": "taeter",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vitrum"
},
"expansion": "vitrum",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "uter",
"id": "wineskin"
},
"expansion": "uter",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*udrós",
"lit": "of water",
"t": "sea animal, otter"
},
"expansion": "*udrós (“sea animal, otter”, literally “of water”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "उद्र",
"t": "otter",
"tr": "udrá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit उद्र (udrá, “otter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ὕδρος",
"t": "sea snake"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ὕδρος (húdros, “sea snake”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*utraz",
"t": "otter"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *utraz (“otter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*vỳdra",
"t": "otter"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *vỳdra (“otter”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "l-"
},
"expansion": "l-",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lavō",
"t": "to wash"
},
"expansion": "lavō (“to wash”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lūdō",
"t": "to play"
},
"expansion": "lūdō (“to play”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lupus",
"t": "wolf"
},
"expansion": "lupus (“wolf”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lutum",
"t": "mud, dirt"
},
"expansion": "lutum (“mud, dirt”)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "-y-"
},
"expansion": "-y-",
"name": "m"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *udr-eh₂, the feminine noun of *udrós (“sea animal, otter”, literally “of water”). The l- was likely introduced by analogy of some other word, such as lavō (“to wash”), lūdō (“to play”), lupus (“wolf”) or lutum (“mud, dirt”). See § descendants notes for information on the Varro for with -y- and the medieval forms.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "lutrae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "lutra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lutrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lutrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lutrārum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lutrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lutrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lutram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lutrās",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lutrā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lutrīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lutra",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lutrae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lutra<1>"
},
"expansion": "lutra f (genitive lutrae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lutra<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with quotations",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"la:Mustelids"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "Pontic beavers cut off their same parts in urgent danger, on account of which they are known to be hunted; doctors call this castor. Other times, the animal with an awesome bite fells trees near rivers as if with iron, they don't let go of their bites when a part of a human is caught until the bones crack broken. These have a fish's tail, the rest of the appearance is of an otter. Both aquatic, the hair of both softer than fluff.",
"ref": "c. 77 CE – 79 CE, Pliny the Elder, Naturalis Historia 8.109",
"text": "Eāsdem partēs sibi ipsī Ponticī amputant fibrī perīculō urgente, ob hoc sē petī gnārī; castoreum id vocant medicī. Aliās animal horrendī morsūs arborēs iuxtā flūmina ut ferrō caedit, hominis parte conprehēnsā nōn ante quam frācta concrepuerint ossa morsūs resolvit. Cauda piscium hīs, cētera speciēs lutrae. Utrumque aquāticum, utrīque mollior plūmā pilus."
}
],
"glosses": [
"an otter"
],
"links": [
[
"otter",
"otter"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlu.tra/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈɫ̪ʊt̪rä]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈlu.tra/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈluːt̪rä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
],
"word": "lytra"
},
{
"word": "*lutria"
},
{
"word": "*luntra"
},
{
"word": "*nutria"
},
{
"word": "*luttra"
},
{
"word": "luter"
},
{
"word": "lutrea"
},
{
"word": "lutreus"
},
{
"word": "lutrius"
},
{
"word": "lutrum"
},
{
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin"
],
"word": "lutrus"
}
],
"word": "lutra"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.