"glaber" meaning in Latin

See glaber in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: [ˈɡɫa.bɛr] [Classical-Latin], [ˈɡlaː.ber] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: Uncertain. Hypothesized to be from Proto-Italic *ɣlaðros, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰl̥h₂dʰ-ro- (“smooth”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰleh₂dʰ- (“smooth, shiny”), which is reconstructed based on the assumed cognates Proto-Germanic *gladaz (whence German glatt (“smooth”)) and Proto-Balto-Slavic *glā́ˀdus (“smooth”) (whence Lithuanian glodùs (“tool for smoothing”)). These stem from a basic root *gʰleh₂- per Schrijver 1995. However, Kroonen denies this etymology for Proto-Germanic *gladaz, preferring to derive it instead from *glōaną, which Kroonen derives from *gʰleh₁-. See Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰleh₁-. *The change of initial *gʰl- to Latin gl- may be regular (despite the contrast with the regular change of word-initial *gʰ before a vowel to Latin h-). Compare medial *-gʰl- becoming *-gl- in trāgula and figulus. (De Vaan 2008 assumes a similar evolution of *gʰr- to *gr-, citing grāmen, whereas Schrijver 1991:311 assumes based on rāvus that word-initial *gʰr- became Latin r-.) Weiss 2018 makes the alternative suggestion that g- in glaber could result from a conditioned dissimilation of roots of the form DʰlVʰD-/DʰrVʰD- to DlVʰD-/DrVʰD-, comparing trahō. In any case, there are no clearly established counterexamples (that is, no solid etymologies showing a change of *gʰl- to Latin l-), although there is a probable case of *gʷʰr- to fr- in frendō. *Schrijver 1991:191 considers it likely that PIE *CRHTC- (*CRH- followed by two consonants, the first a plosive) regularly gives Latin *CRăTC- (compare flagrum, fragrō). To explain this development, De Vaan suggests that the laryngeal may have been lost in this context "before the putative allophonic prop vowel was phonologized." Etymology templates: {{unc|la}} Uncertain, {{m+|itc-pro||*ɣlaðros}} Proto-Italic *ɣlaðros, {{m+|ine-pro||*gʰl̥h₂dʰ-ro-|t=smooth}} Proto-Indo-European *gʰl̥h₂dʰ-ro- (“smooth”), {{der|la|ine-pro|*gʰleh₂dʰ-|t=smooth, shiny}} Proto-Indo-European *gʰleh₂dʰ- (“smooth, shiny”), {{cog|gem-pro|*gladaz}} Proto-Germanic *gladaz, {{cog|de|glatt|t=smooth}} German glatt (“smooth”), {{cog|ine-bsl-pro|*glā́ˀdus|t=smooth}} Proto-Balto-Slavic *glā́ˀdus (“smooth”), {{cog|lt|glodùs|t=tool for smoothing}} Lithuanian glodùs (“tool for smoothing”), {{m+|ine-pro|*ǵʰleh₁-}} Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰleh₁- Head templates: {{la-adj|glaber/glabr|sup=glaberrimus}} glaber (feminine glabra, neuter glabrum, superlative glaberrimus); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er) Inflection templates: {{la-adecl|glaber/glabr}} Forms: glabra [feminine], glabrum [neuter], glaberrimus [superlative], in -er [masculine, nominative, singular], no-table-tags [table-tags], glaber [masculine, nominative, singular], glabra [feminine, nominative, singular], glabrum [neuter, nominative, singular], glabrī [masculine, nominative, plural], glabrae [feminine, nominative, plural], glabra [neuter, nominative, plural], glabrī [genitive, masculine, singular], glabrae [feminine, genitive, singular], glabrī [genitive, neuter, singular], glabrōrum [genitive, masculine, plural], glabrārum [feminine, genitive, plural], glabrōrum [genitive, neuter, plural], glabrō [dative, masculine, singular], glabrae [dative, feminine, singular], glabrō [dative, neuter, singular], glabrīs [dative, feminine, masculine, neuter, plural], glabrum [accusative, masculine, singular], glabram [accusative, feminine, singular], glabrum [accusative, neuter, singular], glabrōs [accusative, masculine, plural], glabrās [accusative, feminine, plural], glabra [accusative, neuter, plural], glabrō [ablative, masculine, singular], glabrā [ablative, feminine, singular], glabrō [ablative, neuter, singular], glabrīs [ablative, feminine, masculine, neuter, plural], glaber [masculine, singular, vocative], glabra [feminine, singular, vocative], glabrum [neuter, singular, vocative], glabrī [masculine, plural, vocative], glabrae [feminine, plural, vocative], glabra [neuter, plural, vocative], glabrus [alternative, New-Latin]
  1. smooth Tags: adjective, declension-1, declension-2 Synonyms: lēvis
    Sense id: en-glaber-la-adj-wPF3nBbS
  2. hairless Tags: adjective, declension-1, declension-2
    Sense id: en-glaber-la-adj-IkBu9DYR Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header, Latin first and second declension adjectives with nominative masculine singular in -er, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Hair Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 27 73 Disambiguation of Latin first and second declension adjectives with nominative masculine singular in -er: 41 59 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 0 100 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 0 100 Disambiguation of Hair: 0 100
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: glabellus, glabrātus, glabrēscō, Glabrio, glabripennis, glabrirostris, glabrō

Inflected forms

Alternative forms

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "glabellus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "glabrātus"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "glabrēscō"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "Glabrio"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "glabripennis"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "glabrirostris"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "glabrō"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Italian",
          "lang_code": "it",
          "word": "gabbro"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Italo-Romance",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
          "lang_code": "roa-opt",
          "word": "gravo"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Ibero-Romance",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "glabrous"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "lang_code": "ro",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "glabru"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "glabre"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "glabro"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "glabro"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "glabro"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*gʰleh₂dʰ-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰleh₂dʰ-"
    ],
    [
      "*gladaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gladaz"
    ],
    [
      "glatt",
      "glatt#German"
    ],
    [
      "*glā́ˀdus",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/glā́ˀdus"
    ],
    [
      "glodùs",
      "glodus#Lithuanian"
    ],
    [
      "*gʰleh₂-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰleh₂-"
    ],
    [
      "*gladaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gladaz"
    ],
    [
      "*glōaną",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/glōaną"
    ],
    [
      "*gʰleh₁-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰleh₁-"
    ],
    [
      "*ǵʰleh₁-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰleh₁-"
    ],
    [
      "trāgula",
      "tragula#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "figulus",
      "figulus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "grāmen",
      "gramen#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "rāvus",
      "ravus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "trahō",
      "traho#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "frendō",
      "frendo#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "flagrum",
      "flagrum#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "fragrō",
      "fragro#Latin"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*ɣlaðros"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *ɣlaðros",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*gʰl̥h₂dʰ-ro-",
        "t": "smooth"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰl̥h₂dʰ-ro- (“smooth”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰleh₂dʰ-",
        "t": "smooth, shiny"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰleh₂dʰ- (“smooth, shiny”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*gladaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gladaz",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "glatt",
        "t": "smooth"
      },
      "expansion": "German glatt (“smooth”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "*glā́ˀdus",
        "t": "smooth"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *glā́ˀdus (“smooth”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "glodùs",
        "t": "tool for smoothing"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian glodùs (“tool for smoothing”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*ǵʰleh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰleh₁-",
      "name": "m+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain. Hypothesized to be from Proto-Italic *ɣlaðros, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰl̥h₂dʰ-ro- (“smooth”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰleh₂dʰ- (“smooth, shiny”), which is reconstructed based on the assumed cognates Proto-Germanic *gladaz (whence German glatt (“smooth”)) and Proto-Balto-Slavic *glā́ˀdus (“smooth”) (whence Lithuanian glodùs (“tool for smoothing”)). These stem from a basic root *gʰleh₂- per Schrijver 1995. However, Kroonen denies this etymology for Proto-Germanic *gladaz, preferring to derive it instead from *glōaną, which Kroonen derives from *gʰleh₁-. See Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰleh₁-.\n*The change of initial *gʰl- to Latin gl- may be regular (despite the contrast with the regular change of word-initial *gʰ before a vowel to Latin h-). Compare medial *-gʰl- becoming *-gl- in trāgula and figulus. (De Vaan 2008 assumes a similar evolution of *gʰr- to *gr-, citing grāmen, whereas Schrijver 1991:311 assumes based on rāvus that word-initial *gʰr- became Latin r-.) Weiss 2018 makes the alternative suggestion that g- in glaber could result from a conditioned dissimilation of roots of the form DʰlVʰD-/DʰrVʰD- to DlVʰD-/DrVʰD-, comparing trahō. In any case, there are no clearly established counterexamples (that is, no solid etymologies showing a change of *gʰl- to Latin l-), although there is a probable case of *gʷʰr- to fr- in frendō.\n*Schrijver 1991:191 considers it likely that PIE *CRHTC- (*CRH- followed by two consonants, the first a plosive) regularly gives Latin *CRăTC- (compare flagrum, fragrō). To explain this development, De Vaan suggests that the laryngeal may have been lost in this context \"before the putative allophonic prop vowel was phonologized.\"",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "glabra",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrum",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glaberrimus",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "in -er",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glaber",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrī",
      "links": [
        [
          "glabrī",
          "glabri#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrī",
      "links": [
        [
          "glabrī",
          "glabri#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrī",
      "links": [
        [
          "glabrī",
          "glabri#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrōrum",
      "links": [
        [
          "glabrōrum",
          "glabrorum#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrārum",
      "links": [
        [
          "glabrārum",
          "glabrarum#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrōrum",
      "links": [
        [
          "glabrōrum",
          "glabrorum#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrō",
      "links": [
        [
          "glabrō",
          "glabro#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrō",
      "links": [
        [
          "glabrō",
          "glabro#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrīs",
      "links": [
        [
          "glabrīs",
          "glabris#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabram",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrōs",
      "links": [
        [
          "glabrōs",
          "glabros#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrās",
      "links": [
        [
          "glabrās",
          "glabras#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrō",
      "links": [
        [
          "glabrō",
          "glabro#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrā",
      "links": [
        [
          "glabrā",
          "glabra#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrō",
      "links": [
        [
          "glabrō",
          "glabro#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrīs",
      "links": [
        [
          "glabrīs",
          "glabris#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glaber",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrī",
      "links": [
        [
          "glabrī",
          "glabri#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrus",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "New-Latin"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "glaber/glabr",
        "sup": "glaberrimus"
      },
      "expansion": "glaber (feminine glabra, neuter glabrum, superlative glaberrimus); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er)",
      "name": "la-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "glaber/glabr"
      },
      "name": "la-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "smooth"
      ],
      "id": "en-glaber-la-adj-wPF3nBbS",
      "links": [
        [
          "smooth",
          "smooth"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "lēvis"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "pūbēscēns"
        },
        {
          "word": "hirsūtus"
        },
        {
          "word": "hispidus"
        },
        {
          "word": "pilōsus"
        },
        {
          "word": "villōsus"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "27 73",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "41 59",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin first and second declension adjectives with nominative masculine singular in -er",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Hair",
          "orig": "la:Hair",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hairless"
      ],
      "id": "en-glaber-la-adj-IkBu9DYR",
      "links": [
        [
          "hairless",
          "hairless"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɡɫa.bɛr]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɡlaː.ber]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers",
    "Elmar Seebold",
    "Etymological Dictionary of the German Language",
    "de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache"
  ],
  "word": "glaber"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 2-syllable words",
    "Latin adjectives",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin first and second declension adjectives",
    "Latin first and second declension adjectives with nominative masculine singular in -er",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "la:Hair"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "glabellus"
    },
    {
      "word": "glabrātus"
    },
    {
      "word": "glabrēscō"
    },
    {
      "word": "Glabrio"
    },
    {
      "word": "glabripennis"
    },
    {
      "word": "glabrirostris"
    },
    {
      "word": "glabrō"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Italian",
          "lang_code": "it",
          "word": "gabbro"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Italo-Romance",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
          "lang_code": "roa-opt",
          "word": "gravo"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "Ibero-Romance",
      "lang_code": "unknown"
    },
    {
      "lang": "English",
      "lang_code": "en",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "glabrous"
    },
    {
      "descendants": [
        {
          "lang": "Romanian",
          "lang_code": "ro",
          "raw_tags": [
            "borrowed"
          ],
          "word": "glabru"
        }
      ],
      "lang": "French",
      "lang_code": "fr",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "glabre"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Italian",
      "lang_code": "it",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "glabro"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Portuguese",
      "lang_code": "pt",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "glabro"
    },
    {
      "lang": "Spanish",
      "lang_code": "es",
      "raw_tags": [
        "borrowed"
      ],
      "word": "glabro"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_links": [
    [
      "*gʰleh₂dʰ-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰleh₂dʰ-"
    ],
    [
      "*gladaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gladaz"
    ],
    [
      "glatt",
      "glatt#German"
    ],
    [
      "*glā́ˀdus",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Balto-Slavic/glā́ˀdus"
    ],
    [
      "glodùs",
      "glodus#Lithuanian"
    ],
    [
      "*gʰleh₂-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰleh₂-"
    ],
    [
      "*gladaz",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/gladaz"
    ],
    [
      "*glōaną",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/glōaną"
    ],
    [
      "*gʰleh₁-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰleh₁-"
    ],
    [
      "*ǵʰleh₁-",
      "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰleh₁-"
    ],
    [
      "trāgula",
      "tragula#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "figulus",
      "figulus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "grāmen",
      "gramen#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "rāvus",
      "ravus#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "trahō",
      "traho#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "frendō",
      "frendo#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "flagrum",
      "flagrum#Latin"
    ],
    [
      "fragrō",
      "fragro#Latin"
    ]
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "itc-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*ɣlaðros"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Italic *ɣlaðros",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "",
        "3": "*gʰl̥h₂dʰ-ro-",
        "t": "smooth"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰl̥h₂dʰ-ro- (“smooth”)",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gʰleh₂dʰ-",
        "t": "smooth, shiny"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʰleh₂dʰ- (“smooth, shiny”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*gladaz"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *gladaz",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "glatt",
        "t": "smooth"
      },
      "expansion": "German glatt (“smooth”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-bsl-pro",
        "2": "*glā́ˀdus",
        "t": "smooth"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *glā́ˀdus (“smooth”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "lt",
        "2": "glodùs",
        "t": "tool for smoothing"
      },
      "expansion": "Lithuanian glodùs (“tool for smoothing”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*ǵʰleh₁-"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰleh₁-",
      "name": "m+"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain. Hypothesized to be from Proto-Italic *ɣlaðros, from Proto-Indo-European *gʰl̥h₂dʰ-ro- (“smooth”), from Proto-Indo-European *gʰleh₂dʰ- (“smooth, shiny”), which is reconstructed based on the assumed cognates Proto-Germanic *gladaz (whence German glatt (“smooth”)) and Proto-Balto-Slavic *glā́ˀdus (“smooth”) (whence Lithuanian glodùs (“tool for smoothing”)). These stem from a basic root *gʰleh₂- per Schrijver 1995. However, Kroonen denies this etymology for Proto-Germanic *gladaz, preferring to derive it instead from *glōaną, which Kroonen derives from *gʰleh₁-. See Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰleh₁-.\n*The change of initial *gʰl- to Latin gl- may be regular (despite the contrast with the regular change of word-initial *gʰ before a vowel to Latin h-). Compare medial *-gʰl- becoming *-gl- in trāgula and figulus. (De Vaan 2008 assumes a similar evolution of *gʰr- to *gr-, citing grāmen, whereas Schrijver 1991:311 assumes based on rāvus that word-initial *gʰr- became Latin r-.) Weiss 2018 makes the alternative suggestion that g- in glaber could result from a conditioned dissimilation of roots of the form DʰlVʰD-/DʰrVʰD- to DlVʰD-/DrVʰD-, comparing trahō. In any case, there are no clearly established counterexamples (that is, no solid etymologies showing a change of *gʰl- to Latin l-), although there is a probable case of *gʷʰr- to fr- in frendō.\n*Schrijver 1991:191 considers it likely that PIE *CRHTC- (*CRH- followed by two consonants, the first a plosive) regularly gives Latin *CRăTC- (compare flagrum, fragrō). To explain this development, De Vaan suggests that the laryngeal may have been lost in this context \"before the putative allophonic prop vowel was phonologized.\"",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "glabra",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrum",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glaberrimus",
      "tags": [
        "superlative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "in -er",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glaber",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrī",
      "links": [
        [
          "glabrī",
          "glabri#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrī",
      "links": [
        [
          "glabrī",
          "glabri#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrī",
      "links": [
        [
          "glabrī",
          "glabri#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrōrum",
      "links": [
        [
          "glabrōrum",
          "glabrorum#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrārum",
      "links": [
        [
          "glabrārum",
          "glabrarum#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrōrum",
      "links": [
        [
          "glabrōrum",
          "glabrorum#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrō",
      "links": [
        [
          "glabrō",
          "glabro#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrō",
      "links": [
        [
          "glabrō",
          "glabro#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrīs",
      "links": [
        [
          "glabrīs",
          "glabris#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabram",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrōs",
      "links": [
        [
          "glabrōs",
          "glabros#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrās",
      "links": [
        [
          "glabrās",
          "glabras#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrō",
      "links": [
        [
          "glabrō",
          "glabro#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrā",
      "links": [
        [
          "glabrā",
          "glabra#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrō",
      "links": [
        [
          "glabrō",
          "glabro#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrīs",
      "links": [
        [
          "glabrīs",
          "glabris#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glaber",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrī",
      "links": [
        [
          "glabrī",
          "glabri#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabra",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "glabrus",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "New-Latin"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "glaber/glabr",
        "sup": "glaberrimus"
      },
      "expansion": "glaber (feminine glabra, neuter glabrum, superlative glaberrimus); first/second-declension adjective (nominative masculine singular in -er)",
      "name": "la-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "glaber/glabr"
      },
      "name": "la-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "smooth"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "smooth",
          "smooth"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "lēvis"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    },
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "pūbēscēns"
        },
        {
          "word": "hirsūtus"
        },
        {
          "word": "hispidus"
        },
        {
          "word": "pilōsus"
        },
        {
          "word": "villōsus"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "hairless"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hairless",
          "hairless"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "adjective",
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɡɫa.bɛr]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ˈɡlaː.ber]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers",
    "Elmar Seebold",
    "Etymological Dictionary of the German Language",
    "de:Etymologisches Wörterbuch der deutschen Sprache"
  ],
  "word": "glaber"
}

Download raw JSONL data for glaber meaning in Latin (10.1kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (1a05e46 and e3d6d4e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

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