See fumus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fūmārium"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fūmeus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fūmidus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fūmifer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fūmificus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fūmigō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fūmō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fūmōsus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"word": "fum"
},
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "fumu"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "fum"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "fume"
},
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"word": "fom"
},
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "fum"
},
{
"lang": "Istriot",
"lang_code": "ist",
"word": "fòumo"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "fumo"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "fum"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "hum"
},
{
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "fum"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "fumée"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "fumee"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "fumée"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "fumée"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "fumee"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "fume"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "fumo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Guinea-Bissau Creole",
"lang_code": "pov",
"word": "fumu"
},
{
"lang": "Kabuverdianu",
"lang_code": "kea",
"word": "fumu"
},
{
"lang": "Hunsrik",
"lang_code": "hrx",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Fumm"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "fumo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "fumo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "fume"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "fumo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Guinea-Bissau Creole",
"lang_code": "pov",
"word": "fumu"
},
{
"lang": "Kabuverdianu",
"lang_code": "kea",
"word": "fumu"
},
{
"lang": "Hunsrik",
"lang_code": "hrx",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Fumm"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "fumo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "fume"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ladino",
"lang_code": "lad",
"word": "fumo"
},
{
"lang": "Ladino",
"lang_code": "lad",
"word": "umo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Papiamentu",
"lang_code": "pap",
"word": "huma"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "humo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Papiamentu",
"lang_code": "pap",
"word": "huma"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "fumo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Spanish",
"lang_code": "osp",
"word": "fumo"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "fum"
},
{
"lang": "Romansch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "fim"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "fummu"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "fumu"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "fumu"
},
{
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "*affumāre"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*fūmos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *fūmos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰuh₂mós",
"4": "",
"5": "smoke"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "θῡμός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek θῡμός (thūmós)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "धूम",
"tr": "dhūmá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit धूम (dhūmá)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "дꙑмъ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic дꙑмъ (dymŭ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dust"
},
"expansion": "English dust",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *fūmos, from earlier *θūmos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”). Cognates include Ancient Greek θῡμός (thūmós), Sanskrit धूम (dhūmá) and Old Church Slavonic дꙑмъ (dymŭ), English dust.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fūmus",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fūmus<2>"
},
"expansion": "fūmus m (genitive fūmī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fūmus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fūmōs vēndō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fūmum vēndō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "“‘Here, where piles [of masonry] have been scattered, and stones torn from stone, and you see billowing smoke mixed with dust, ….’”\n(The destruction of Troy.)",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.608–609",
"roman": "saxa vidēs mixtōque undantem pulvere fūmum, ….’”",
"text": "“‘Hīc, ubi disiectās mōlēs āvolsaque saxīs",
"translation": "“‘Here, where piles [of masonry] have been scattered, and stones torn from stone, and you see billowing smoke mixed with dust, ….’”\n(The destruction of Troy.)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"smoke, steam, fume"
],
"id": "en-fumus-la-noun-ok6neEq8",
"links": [
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
],
[
"steam",
"steam"
],
[
"fume",
"fume"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Combustion",
"orig": "la:Combustion",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
23
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "sign of good law",
"text": "fūmus bonī iūris",
"translation": "sign of good law",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indication, sign"
],
"id": "en-fumus-la-noun-18rE762-",
"links": [
[
"indication",
"indication"
],
[
"sign",
"sign"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈfuː.mʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈfuː.mus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "fumus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Combustion"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "fūmārium"
},
{
"word": "fūmeus"
},
{
"word": "fūmidus"
},
{
"word": "fūmifer"
},
{
"word": "fūmificus"
},
{
"word": "fūmigō"
},
{
"word": "fūmō"
},
{
"word": "fūmōsus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"word": "fum"
},
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "fumu"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "fum"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "fume"
},
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"word": "fom"
},
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "fum"
},
{
"lang": "Istriot",
"lang_code": "ist",
"word": "fòumo"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "fumo"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "fum"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "hum"
},
{
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "fum"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "fumée"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "fumee"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "fumée"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "fumée"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "fumee"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "fume"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "fumo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Guinea-Bissau Creole",
"lang_code": "pov",
"word": "fumu"
},
{
"lang": "Kabuverdianu",
"lang_code": "kea",
"word": "fumu"
},
{
"lang": "Hunsrik",
"lang_code": "hrx",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Fumm"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "fumo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "fumo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "fume"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "fumo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Guinea-Bissau Creole",
"lang_code": "pov",
"word": "fumu"
},
{
"lang": "Kabuverdianu",
"lang_code": "kea",
"word": "fumu"
},
{
"lang": "Hunsrik",
"lang_code": "hrx",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Fumm"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "fumo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "fume"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ladino",
"lang_code": "lad",
"word": "fumo"
},
{
"lang": "Ladino",
"lang_code": "lad",
"word": "umo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Papiamentu",
"lang_code": "pap",
"word": "huma"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "humo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Papiamentu",
"lang_code": "pap",
"word": "huma"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"tags": [
"archaic"
],
"word": "fumo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Spanish",
"lang_code": "osp",
"word": "fumo"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "fum"
},
{
"lang": "Romansch",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "fim"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "fummu"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "fumu"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "fumu"
},
{
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "*affumāre"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*fūmos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *fūmos",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰuh₂mós",
"4": "",
"5": "smoke"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "θῡμός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek θῡμός (thūmós)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "धूम",
"tr": "dhūmá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit धूम (dhūmá)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "дꙑмъ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic дꙑмъ (dymŭ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dust"
},
"expansion": "English dust",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Italic *fūmos, from earlier *θūmos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”). Cognates include Ancient Greek θῡμός (thūmós), Sanskrit धूम (dhūmá) and Old Church Slavonic дꙑмъ (dymŭ), English dust.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fūmus",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmī",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmōrum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmōs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmō",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmīs",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūme",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fūmus<2>"
},
"expansion": "fūmus m (genitive fūmī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fūmus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "fūmōs vēndō"
},
{
"word": "fūmum vēndō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "“‘Here, where piles [of masonry] have been scattered, and stones torn from stone, and you see billowing smoke mixed with dust, ….’”\n(The destruction of Troy.)",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.608–609",
"roman": "saxa vidēs mixtōque undantem pulvere fūmum, ….’”",
"text": "“‘Hīc, ubi disiectās mōlēs āvolsaque saxīs",
"translation": "“‘Here, where piles [of masonry] have been scattered, and stones torn from stone, and you see billowing smoke mixed with dust, ….’”\n(The destruction of Troy.)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"smoke, steam, fume"
],
"links": [
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
],
[
"steam",
"steam"
],
[
"fume",
"fume"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
23
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "sign of good law",
"text": "fūmus bonī iūris",
"translation": "sign of good law",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indication, sign"
],
"links": [
[
"indication",
"indication"
],
[
"sign",
"sign"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈfuː.mʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈfuː.mus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "fumus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for fumus meaning in Latin (7.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.