See fumus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fūmārium"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fūmeus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fūmidus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fūmifer"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fūmificus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fūmigō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fūmō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fūmōsus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Aromanian",
"lang_code": "rup",
"word": "fum"
},
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "fumu"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "fum"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "fume"
},
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"word": "fom"
},
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "fum"
},
{
"lang": "Istriot",
"lang_code": "ist",
"word": "fòumo"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "fumo"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "fum"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "hum"
},
{
"lang": "Old French",
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"word": "fum"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "fumée"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
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},
{
"descendants": [
{
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"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "fumée"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "fumée"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "fumee"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "fume"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "fumo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Guinea-Bissau Creole",
"lang_code": "pov",
"word": "fumu"
},
{
"lang": "Kabuverdianu",
"lang_code": "kea",
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},
{
"lang": "Hunsrik",
"lang_code": "hrx",
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"borrowed"
],
"word": "Fumm"
}
],
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "fumo"
}
],
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"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "fumo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
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"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "fume"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "fumo"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Guinea-Bissau Creole",
"lang_code": "pov",
"word": "fumu"
},
{
"lang": "Kabuverdianu",
"lang_code": "kea",
"word": "fumu"
},
{
"lang": "Hunsrik",
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"borrowed"
],
"word": "Fumm"
}
],
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"word": "fumo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt",
"word": "fume"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ladino",
"lang_code": "lad",
"word": "umo"
},
{
"lang": "Ladino",
"lang_code": "lad",
"word": "fumo"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "humo"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"Dominican Republic"
],
"word": "jumo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Spanish",
"lang_code": "osp",
"word": "fumo"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "fum"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "fim"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "fummu"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "fumu"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "fumu"
},
{
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"word": "*affumāre"
}
],
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{
"args": {
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"2": ":inh",
"3": "itc-pro:*fūmos",
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"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-mós\nProto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós\nProto-Italic *θūmos\nProto-Italic *fūmos\nLatin fūmus\n[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*fūmos\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"fūmus\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"fūmus\">",
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},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
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},
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},
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},
"expansion": "Inherited",
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},
{
"args": {
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"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*fūmos",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *fūmos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*fūmos"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Italic *fūmos",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰuh₂mós",
"4": "",
"5": "smoke"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Cognates"
},
"expansion": "Cognates",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "θῡμός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek θῡμός (thūmós)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "धूम",
"tr": "dhūmá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit धूम (dhūmá)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "дꙑмъ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic дꙑмъ (dymŭ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": ",",
"name": ","
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dust"
},
"expansion": "English dust",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-mós\nProto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós\nProto-Italic *θūmos\nProto-Italic *fūmos\nLatin fūmus\nInherited from Proto-Italic *fūmos, from earlier *þūmos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”).\nCognates include Ancient Greek θῡμός (thūmós), Sanskrit धूम (dhūmá), Old Church Slavonic дꙑмъ (dymŭ), and English dust.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fūmus",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmī",
"links": [
[
"fūmī",
"fumi"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
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"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmus",
"links": [
[
"fūmus",
"fumus#Latin"
]
],
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"tags": [
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmī",
"links": [
[
"fūmī",
"fumi#Latin"
]
],
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},
{
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[
"fūmī",
"fumi#Latin"
]
],
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"tags": [
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmōrum",
"links": [
[
"fūmōrum",
"fumorum#Latin"
]
],
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"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmō",
"links": [
[
"fūmō",
"fumo#Latin"
]
],
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},
{
"form": "fūmīs",
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[
"fūmīs",
"fumis#Latin"
]
],
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]
},
{
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[
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"fumum#Latin"
]
],
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"singular"
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},
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[
"fūmōs",
"fumos#Latin"
]
],
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"plural"
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},
{
"form": "fūmō",
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[
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]
],
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"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmīs",
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[
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"fumis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūme",
"links": [
[
"fūme",
"fume#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmī",
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[
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]
],
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"vocative"
]
}
],
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{
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},
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}
],
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},
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}
],
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"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fūmōs vēndō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "fūmum vēndō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "40 40 12 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages linking to anchors not found in Appendix:Glossary",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 41 14 5",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "40 40 13 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "65 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "“‘Here, where piles [of masonry] have been scattered, and stones torn from stone, and you see billowing smoke mixed with dust, ….’”\n(The destruction of Troy.)",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 2.608–609",
"roman": "saxa vidēs mixtōque undantem pulvere fūmum, ….’”",
"text": "“‘Hīc, ubi disiectās mōlēs āvolsaque saxīs",
"translation": "“‘Here, where piles [of masonry] have been scattered, and stones torn from stone, and you see billowing smoke mixed with dust, ….’”\n(The destruction of Troy.)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"smoke, steam, fume"
],
"id": "en-fumus-la-noun-ok6neEq8",
"links": [
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
],
[
"steam",
"steam"
],
[
"fume",
"fume"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
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"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
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"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "39 61",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Combustion",
"orig": "la:Combustion",
"parents": [],
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}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
23
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "sign of good law",
"text": "fūmus bonī iūris",
"translation": "sign of good law",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indication, sign"
],
"id": "en-fumus-la-noun-18rE762-",
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[
"indication",
"indication"
],
[
"sign",
"sign"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈfuː.mʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈfuː.mus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "fumus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with etymology trees",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *dʰewh₂-",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages linking to anchors not found in Appendix:Glossary",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 3 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"la:Combustion"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "fūmārium"
},
{
"word": "fūmeus"
},
{
"word": "fūmidus"
},
{
"word": "fūmifer"
},
{
"word": "fūmificus"
},
{
"word": "fūmigō"
},
{
"word": "fūmō"
},
{
"word": "fūmōsus"
}
],
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"lang_code": "rup",
"word": "fum"
},
{
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"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "fumu"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"word": "fum"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "fume"
},
{
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"lang_code": "frp",
"word": "fom"
},
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "fum"
},
{
"lang": "Istriot",
"lang_code": "ist",
"word": "fòumo"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "fumo"
},
{
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"lang_code": "oc",
"word": "fum"
},
{
"lang": "Occitan",
"lang_code": "oc",
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{
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{
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}
],
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],
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"word": "fume"
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{
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],
"word": "Fumm"
}
],
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{
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"word": "humo"
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{
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"raw_tags": [
"Dominican Republic"
],
"word": "jumo"
}
],
"lang": "Old Spanish",
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"word": "fumo"
},
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "fum"
},
{
"lang": "Romansh",
"lang_code": "rm",
"word": "fim"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "fummu"
},
{
"lang": "Sardinian",
"lang_code": "sc",
"word": "fumu"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
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{
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"word": "*affumāre"
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"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*fūmos",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic *fūmos",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-pro",
"3": "*fūmos"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Proto-Italic *fūmos",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰuh₂mós",
"4": "",
"5": "smoke"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Cognates"
},
"expansion": "Cognates",
"name": "lg"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "θῡμός"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek θῡμός (thūmós)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "धूम",
"tr": "dhūmá"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit धूम (dhūmá)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "дꙑмъ"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic дꙑмъ (dymŭ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": ",",
"name": ","
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "dust"
},
"expansion": "English dust",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *dʰewh₂-\nProto-Indo-European *-mós\nProto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós\nProto-Italic *θūmos\nProto-Italic *fūmos\nLatin fūmus\nInherited from Proto-Italic *fūmos, from earlier *þūmos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”).\nCognates include Ancient Greek θῡμός (thūmós), Sanskrit धूम (dhūmá), Old Church Slavonic дꙑмъ (dymŭ), and English dust.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "fūmus",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmī",
"links": [
[
"fūmī",
"fumi"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmus",
"links": [
[
"fūmus",
"fumus#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmī",
"links": [
[
"fūmī",
"fumi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmī",
"links": [
[
"fūmī",
"fumi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmōrum",
"links": [
[
"fūmōrum",
"fumorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmō",
"links": [
[
"fūmō",
"fumo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmīs",
"links": [
[
"fūmīs",
"fumis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmum",
"links": [
[
"fūmum",
"fumum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmōs",
"links": [
[
"fūmōs",
"fumos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmō",
"links": [
[
"fūmō",
"fumo#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmīs",
"links": [
[
"fūmīs",
"fumis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "fūme",
"links": [
[
"fūme",
"fume#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "fūmī",
"links": [
[
"fūmī",
"fumi#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fūmus<2>"
},
"expansion": "fūmus m (genitive fūmī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fūmus<2>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "fūmōs vēndō"
},
{
"word": "fūmum vēndō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "“‘Here, where piles [of masonry] have been scattered, and stones torn from stone, and you see billowing smoke mixed with dust, ….’”\n(The destruction of Troy.)",
"ref": "29 BCE – 19 BCE, Vergilius, Aeneis 2.608–609",
"roman": "saxa vidēs mixtōque undantem pulvere fūmum, ….’”",
"text": "“‘Hīc, ubi disiectās mōlēs āvolsaque saxīs",
"translation": "“‘Here, where piles [of masonry] have been scattered, and stones torn from stone, and you see billowing smoke mixed with dust, ….’”\n(The destruction of Troy.)",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"smoke, steam, fume"
],
"links": [
[
"smoke",
"smoke"
],
[
"steam",
"steam"
],
[
"fume",
"fume"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
19,
23
]
],
"bold_translation_offsets": [
[
0,
4
]
],
"english": "sign of good law",
"text": "fūmus bonī iūris",
"translation": "sign of good law",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"indication, sign"
],
"links": [
[
"indication",
"indication"
],
[
"sign",
"sign"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈfuː.mʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈfuː.mus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "fumus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for fumus meaning in Latin (9.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (e79dea5 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.