See focus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "focāceus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "focācium"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "focācius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "focārius"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "foculus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "īnfocō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "focus"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "focus"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "focus"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "locofoco"
},
{
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "fokuso"
},
{
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "fokus"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "focus"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "foco"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Fokus"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "focus"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "foco"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"word": "fog"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Cornish",
"lang_code": "cnx",
"word": "foc"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "ffog"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "foc"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*fog"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "fókus",
"word": "фо́кус"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "foco"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "fokus"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "բոց"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian բոց (bocʻ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰeh₂-",
"t": "to shine"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to shine”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भाति",
"tr": "bhā́ti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit भाति (bhā́ti)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φαίνω",
"t": "to shine"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φαίνω (phaínō, “to shine”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰegʷʰ-",
"t": "to burn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰ- (“to burn”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* The origin is uncertain. Usually connected with Old Armenian բոց (bocʻ).\n* Some connect this along with faciēs, facētus, fax to Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to shine”). In that case, cognate at the root level with Sanskrit भाति (bhā́ti), Ancient Greek φαίνω (phaínō, “to shine”), etc.\n* Matasović, and Hamp before him, opt to derive this from Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰ- (“to burn”); Matasović believes that the -c- would have spread from the nominative of a root noun *dʰṓgʷʰ-s (> *dʰṓkʷʰ-s).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "focī",
"links": [
[
"focī",
"foci"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "focus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "focī",
"links": [
[
"focī",
"foci#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "focī",
"links": [
[
"focī",
"foci#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "focōrum",
"links": [
[
"focōrum",
"focorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "focō",
"links": [
[
"focō",
"foco#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "focīs",
"links": [
[
"focīs",
"focis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "focum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "focōs",
"links": [
[
"focōs",
"focos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "focō",
"links": [
[
"focō",
"foco#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "focīs",
"links": [
[
"focīs",
"focis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "foce",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "focī",
"links": [
[
"focī",
"foci#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "focī",
"links": [
[
"focī",
"foci#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "focus<2>"
},
"expansion": "focus m (genitive focī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "focus<2.loc>",
"footnote": "Locative used in the sense \"by the hearth\".",
"loc_pl": "-"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "focillare"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "foculare"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"fireplace, hearth"
],
"id": "en-focus-la-noun-3cqMxkuM",
"links": [
[
"fireplace",
"fireplace"
],
[
"hearth",
"hearth"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"firepan, coal pan, brazier"
],
"id": "en-focus-la-noun-NfjuJrca",
"links": [
[
"firepan",
"firepan"
],
[
"coal",
"coal"
],
[
"pan",
"pan"
],
[
"brazier",
"brazier"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"altar"
],
"id": "en-focus-la-noun-jocHmdWH",
"links": [
[
"altar",
"altar"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"house, family"
],
"id": "en-focus-la-noun-m7vliN7Y",
"links": [
[
"house",
"house"
],
[
"family",
"family"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) house, family"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"figuratively",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Late Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 37 2 2 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 15 20 17 31",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 5 0 0 95",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Fire",
"orig": "la:Fire",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 400 CE – 500 CE, Anonymous, defixio 30, Roma",
"text": "c[o]ndo[---]NTA [---]in[c]umbite\nin foco [---] I +[p]enuar++ ut p(er)eat in die-\nbus VII[---] (magical symbols) [---] imp(er)at vobis Abrax[as---]\nexi E[---e]um sau[cietis---] iacbebrarum Solomon\n(charaktêres) [---] (charaktêres) [---] (magical symbols)\n(magical symbols) [---] V imperat tibi\nabl[anatabla] (charaktêres) [---]IA dep(rae)cor vestra(m) virtu-\ntem[---] ut eum [pe]ssime p(er)datis iạm iam\ncit[o] c̣ito (vacat)\nTranslation by Blänsdorf 2015b: 26, modified in Natalías 2022\nI hide him (?) (...) put into the fire (...) the head of the supply, in order he may die within seven (?) days (...) Abraxas gives you the command go out (...) in order you shall hurt him (...) Iacbebrarum Solomon (...) he commands you Abla[tanabla] (...) I implore your virtue (...) to destroy him badly, soon, soon, quickly [quickly].\nNote that whoever wrote this defixio (possibly a professional practicioner) uses many different magical symbols and charakteres, as well as multiple other magical formulas including the palindrome Ablanatanalba and invoking Solomon and Abraxas. Natalías also notes specifically that this inscription was written on copper instead of lead, rare for a defixio in the Roman West. She also notes that she believes (although it is not necessarily obvious in the translation) that in this defixio the victim is specifically being condemned to die in a fire (in foco). See more on these subjects in Natalías 2022.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fire"
],
"id": "en-focus-la-noun-3J8osS3R",
"links": [
[
"fire",
"fire"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Late Latin) fire"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 5 0 0 95",
"sense": "fire",
"word": "ignis"
}
],
"tags": [
"Late-Latin",
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈfɔ.kʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈfɔː.kus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"la:"
],
"word": "focus"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin masculine nouns",
"Latin masculine nouns in the second declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin second declension nouns",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Pages with 6 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Fire"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "focāceus"
},
{
"word": "focācium"
},
{
"word": "focācius"
},
{
"word": "focārius"
},
{
"word": "foculus"
},
{
"word": "īnfocō"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "focus"
},
{
"lang": "Dutch",
"lang_code": "nl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "focus"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "focus"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "locofoco"
},
{
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "fokuso"
},
{
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "fokus"
},
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "focus"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "foco"
},
{
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "Fokus"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "focus"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "foco"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Cornish",
"lang_code": "kw",
"word": "fog"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Cornish",
"lang_code": "cnx",
"word": "foc"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Welsh",
"lang_code": "cy",
"word": "ffog"
}
],
"lang": "Middle Welsh",
"lang_code": "wlm",
"word": "foc"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Brythonic",
"lang_code": "cel-bry-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*fog"
},
{
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "fókus",
"word": "фо́кус"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "foco"
},
{
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "fokus"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "բոց"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian բոց (bocʻ)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bʰeh₂-",
"t": "to shine"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to shine”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "भाति",
"tr": "bhā́ti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit भाति (bhā́ti)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φαίνω",
"t": "to shine"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek φαίνω (phaínō, “to shine”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰegʷʰ-",
"t": "to burn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰ- (“to burn”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "* The origin is uncertain. Usually connected with Old Armenian բոց (bocʻ).\n* Some connect this along with faciēs, facētus, fax to Proto-Indo-European *bʰeh₂- (“to shine”). In that case, cognate at the root level with Sanskrit भाति (bhā́ti), Ancient Greek φαίνω (phaínō, “to shine”), etc.\n* Matasović, and Hamp before him, opt to derive this from Proto-Indo-European *dʰegʷʰ- (“to burn”); Matasović believes that the -c- would have spread from the nominative of a root noun *dʰṓgʷʰ-s (> *dʰṓkʷʰ-s).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "focī",
"links": [
[
"focī",
"foci"
]
],
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "focus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "focī",
"links": [
[
"focī",
"foci#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "focī",
"links": [
[
"focī",
"foci#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "focōrum",
"links": [
[
"focōrum",
"focorum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "focō",
"links": [
[
"focō",
"foco#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "focīs",
"links": [
[
"focīs",
"focis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "focum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "focōs",
"links": [
[
"focōs",
"focos#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "focō",
"links": [
[
"focō",
"foco#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "focīs",
"links": [
[
"focīs",
"focis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "foce",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "focī",
"links": [
[
"focī",
"foci#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "focī",
"links": [
[
"focī",
"foci#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "focus<2>"
},
"expansion": "focus m (genitive focī); second declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "focus<2.loc>",
"footnote": "Locative used in the sense \"by the hearth\".",
"loc_pl": "-"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "focillare"
},
{
"word": "foculare"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"fireplace, hearth"
],
"links": [
[
"fireplace",
"fireplace"
],
[
"hearth",
"hearth"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"firepan, coal pan, brazier"
],
"links": [
[
"firepan",
"firepan"
],
[
"coal",
"coal"
],
[
"pan",
"pan"
],
[
"brazier",
"brazier"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"altar"
],
"links": [
[
"altar",
"altar"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"house, family"
],
"links": [
[
"house",
"house"
],
[
"family",
"family"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(figuratively) house, family"
],
"tags": [
"declension-2",
"figuratively",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Late Latin",
"Latin terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"ref": "c. 400 CE – 500 CE, Anonymous, defixio 30, Roma",
"text": "c[o]ndo[---]NTA [---]in[c]umbite\nin foco [---] I +[p]enuar++ ut p(er)eat in die-\nbus VII[---] (magical symbols) [---] imp(er)at vobis Abrax[as---]\nexi E[---e]um sau[cietis---] iacbebrarum Solomon\n(charaktêres) [---] (charaktêres) [---] (magical symbols)\n(magical symbols) [---] V imperat tibi\nabl[anatabla] (charaktêres) [---]IA dep(rae)cor vestra(m) virtu-\ntem[---] ut eum [pe]ssime p(er)datis iạm iam\ncit[o] c̣ito (vacat)\nTranslation by Blänsdorf 2015b: 26, modified in Natalías 2022\nI hide him (?) (...) put into the fire (...) the head of the supply, in order he may die within seven (?) days (...) Abraxas gives you the command go out (...) in order you shall hurt him (...) Iacbebrarum Solomon (...) he commands you Abla[tanabla] (...) I implore your virtue (...) to destroy him badly, soon, soon, quickly [quickly].\nNote that whoever wrote this defixio (possibly a professional practicioner) uses many different magical symbols and charakteres, as well as multiple other magical formulas including the palindrome Ablanatanalba and invoking Solomon and Abraxas. Natalías also notes specifically that this inscription was written on copper instead of lead, rare for a defixio in the Roman West. She also notes that she believes (although it is not necessarily obvious in the translation) that in this defixio the victim is specifically being condemned to die in a fire (in foco). See more on these subjects in Natalías 2022.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"fire"
],
"links": [
[
"fire",
"fire"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Late Latin) fire"
],
"tags": [
"Late-Latin",
"declension-2",
"masculine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈfɔ.kʊs]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈfɔː.kus]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"sense": "fire",
"word": "ignis"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"la:"
],
"word": "focus"
}
Download raw JSONL data for focus meaning in Latin (7.9kB)
{
"called_from": "inflection/2457",
"msg": "rejected heuristic header: table cell identified as header and given candidate status, BUT the cleaned text is not in LANGUAGES_WITH_CELLS_AS_HEADERS[Latin]; cleaned text: focus",
"path": [
"focus"
],
"section": "Latin",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "focus",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-06-12 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-06-01 using wiktextract (e79dea5 and 7f4db16). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.