"eruca" meaning in Latin

See eruca in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [eːˈruː.ka] [Classical-Latin], [eˈruː.ka] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: Analyzable as *ēr-ūca, from ēr (“hedgehog”) + -ūca which is likely by analogy with verrūca (“wart, hillock”), named so for the rugged backs of many caterpillars resembling those of hedgehogs. An alternative theory derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer(s)-uk-eh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰers- (“to bristle”) (likely of the same ultimate origin as the above etymology), see also Welsh garw (“rough”), Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬨𐬥𐬀 (zaršaiiamna, “ruffling one's feathers”), Sanskrit हर्षते (harṣate, “bristles”). Latin erūca and its variant urūca denote the plant and the caterpillar. In such cases, usually the animal name is primary and has been extended to the plant (so the rocket can be interpreted as “caterpillar plant”). Etymology templates: {{af|la|-ūcus|alt1=-ūca}} -ūca, {{inh|la|ine-pro||*ǵʰer(s)-uk-eh₂}} Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer(s)-uk-eh₂, {{der|la|ine-pro|*ǵʰers-||to bristle}} Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰers- (“to bristle”), {{cog|cy|garw||rough}} Welsh garw (“rough”), {{cog|ae|𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬨𐬥𐬀|t=ruffling one's feathers}} Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬨𐬥𐬀 (zaršaiiamna, “ruffling one's feathers”), {{cog|sa|हर्षते||bristles}} Sanskrit हर्षते (harṣate, “bristles”) Head templates: {{la-noun|ērūca<1>}} ērūca f (genitive ērūcae); first declension Inflection templates: {{la-ndecl|ērūca<1>}} Forms: ērūca [canonical, feminine], ērūcae [genitive], no-table-tags [table-tags], ērūca [nominative, singular], ērūcae [nominative, plural], ērūcae [genitive, singular], ērūcārum [genitive, plural], ērūcae [dative, singular], ērūcīs [dative, plural], ērūcam [accusative, singular], ērūcās [accusative, plural], ērūcā [ablative, singular], ērūcīs [ablative, plural], ērūca [singular, vocative], ērūcae [plural, vocative]
  1. caterpillar Tags: declension-1
    Sense id: en-eruca-la-noun-uv~fN6pd Categories (other): Latin feminine nouns in the first declension Disambiguation of Latin feminine nouns in the first declension: 56 44
  2. colewort, rocket Tags: declension-1
    Sense id: en-eruca-la-noun-Tk78oUFS Categories (other): Latin entries with incorrect language header, Latin terms suffixed with -ucus, Insects, Spices and herbs Disambiguation of Latin entries with incorrect language header: 24 76 Disambiguation of Latin terms suffixed with -ucus: 36 64 Disambiguation of Insects: 30 70 Disambiguation of Spices and herbs: 29 71
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Related terms: brūchus 
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Sardinian",
      "lang_code": "sc",
      "word": "ruga"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "-ūcus",
        "alt1": "-ūca"
      },
      "expansion": "-ūca",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*ǵʰer(s)-uk-eh₂"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer(s)-uk-eh₂",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ǵʰers-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to bristle"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰers- (“to bristle”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "garw",
        "3": "",
        "4": "rough"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh garw (“rough”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬨𐬥𐬀",
        "t": "ruffling one's feathers"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬨𐬥𐬀 (zaršaiiamna, “ruffling one's feathers”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "हर्षते",
        "3": "",
        "4": "bristles"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit हर्षते (harṣate, “bristles”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Analyzable as *ēr-ūca, from ēr (“hedgehog”) + -ūca which is likely by analogy with verrūca (“wart, hillock”), named so for the rugged backs of many caterpillars resembling those of hedgehogs.\nAn alternative theory derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer(s)-uk-eh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰers- (“to bristle”) (likely of the same ultimate origin as the above etymology), see also Welsh garw (“rough”), Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬨𐬥𐬀 (zaršaiiamna, “ruffling one's feathers”), Sanskrit हर्षते (harṣate, “bristles”).\nLatin erūca and its variant urūca denote the plant and the caterpillar. In such cases, usually the animal name is primary and has been extended to the plant (so the rocket can be interpreted as “caterpillar plant”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ērūca",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ērūcae",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ērūca",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ērūcae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ērūcae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ērūcārum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ērūcae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ērūcīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ērūcam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ērūcās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ērūcā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ērūcīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ērūca",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ērūcae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ērūca<1>"
      },
      "expansion": "ērūca f (genitive ērūcae); first declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ērūca<1>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "brūchus"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "56 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "caterpillar"
      ],
      "id": "en-eruca-la-noun-uv~fN6pd",
      "links": [
        [
          "caterpillar",
          "caterpillar"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "24 76",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "36 64",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin terms suffixed with -ucus",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 70",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Insects",
          "orig": "la:Insects",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "29 71",
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "la",
          "name": "Spices and herbs",
          "orig": "la:Spices and herbs",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "colewort, rocket"
      ],
      "id": "en-eruca-la-noun-Tk78oUFS",
      "links": [
        [
          "colewort",
          "colewort"
        ],
        [
          "rocket",
          "rocket"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[eːˈruː.ka]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[eˈruː.ka]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "eruca"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Latin 3-syllable words",
    "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
    "Latin feminine nouns",
    "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
    "Latin first declension nouns",
    "Latin lemmas",
    "Latin nouns",
    "Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Latin terms suffixed with -ucus",
    "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries",
    "la:Insects",
    "la:Spices and herbs"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "lang": "Sardinian",
      "lang_code": "sc",
      "word": "ruga"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "-ūcus",
        "alt1": "-ūca"
      },
      "expansion": "-ūca",
      "name": "af"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*ǵʰer(s)-uk-eh₂"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer(s)-uk-eh₂",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ǵʰers-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to bristle"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰers- (“to bristle”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "cy",
        "2": "garw",
        "3": "",
        "4": "rough"
      },
      "expansion": "Welsh garw (“rough”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ae",
        "2": "𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬨𐬥𐬀",
        "t": "ruffling one's feathers"
      },
      "expansion": "Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬨𐬥𐬀 (zaršaiiamna, “ruffling one's feathers”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "हर्षते",
        "3": "",
        "4": "bristles"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit हर्षते (harṣate, “bristles”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Analyzable as *ēr-ūca, from ēr (“hedgehog”) + -ūca which is likely by analogy with verrūca (“wart, hillock”), named so for the rugged backs of many caterpillars resembling those of hedgehogs.\nAn alternative theory derives the word from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰer(s)-uk-eh₂, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵʰers- (“to bristle”) (likely of the same ultimate origin as the above etymology), see also Welsh garw (“rough”), Avestan 𐬰𐬀𐬭𐬱𐬀𐬌𐬌𐬀𐬨𐬥𐬀 (zaršaiiamna, “ruffling one's feathers”), Sanskrit हर्षते (harṣate, “bristles”).\nLatin erūca and its variant urūca denote the plant and the caterpillar. In such cases, usually the animal name is primary and has been extended to the plant (so the rocket can be interpreted as “caterpillar plant”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "ērūca",
      "tags": [
        "canonical",
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ērūcae",
      "tags": [
        "genitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-ndecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ērūca",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ērūcae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ērūcae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ērūcārum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ērūcae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ērūcīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ērūcam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ērūcās",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ērūcā",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ērūcīs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ērūca",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ērūcae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ērūca<1>"
      },
      "expansion": "ērūca f (genitive ērūcae); first declension",
      "name": "la-noun"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ērūca<1>"
      },
      "name": "la-ndecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "brūchus"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "caterpillar"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "caterpillar",
          "caterpillar"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "colewort, rocket"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "colewort",
          "colewort"
        ],
        [
          "rocket",
          "rocket"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[eːˈruː.ka]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[eˈruː.ka]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "eruca"
}

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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-01-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (d1270d2 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

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