See clocca in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Emilian",
"lang_code": "egl",
"word": "ciòca"
},
{
"lang": "Ligurian",
"lang_code": "lij",
"word": "cioca"
},
{
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "ciòca"
},
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"word": "ciòca"
}
],
"lang": "Padanian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bourguignon",
"lang_code": "roa-brg",
"word": "cloiche"
},
{
"lang": "Bourbonnais-Berrichon",
"lang_code": "roa-bbn",
"word": "cloque"
},
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"word": "clloche"
},
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"word": "cllocha"
},
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"word": "hllocha"
},
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"word": "c'hocha"
},
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"word": "tllocha"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cloche"
},
{
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kloŝo"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cloche"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "klosz"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "cloche"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "cloche"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "cloche"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "cloque"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "cloak"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cloke"
}
],
"lang": "Old Northern French",
"lang_code": "fro-nor",
"word": "cloque"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "clioche"
},
{
"lang": "Picard",
"lang_code": "pcd",
"word": "cloque"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Gallo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "llueca"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "choca"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "choca"
}
],
"lang": "Ibero-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*klokkā"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*klokkos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/klokkos"
],
[
"cloch",
"cloch#Welsh"
],
[
"cloc",
"cloc#Old_Irish"
],
[
"*klek-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/klek-"
],
[
"*hlahjaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlahjaną"
],
[
"campāna",
"campana#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":der<unc>",
"3": "cel-pro:*klokkos<t:bell>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"bell\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Celtic\", \"term\" : \"*klokkos\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"cel-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"clocca\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"clocca\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cel",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Celtic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cloch"
},
"expansion": "Welsh cloch",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cloc"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish cloc",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*klokkos",
"ng": "compare Welsh <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"cy\">cloch</i>, Old Irish <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sga\">cloc</i>",
"t": "bell"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *klokkos (“bell”, compare Welsh cloch, Old Irish cloc)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"title": "onomatopoeic"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hlahjaną",
"t": "to laugh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hlahjaną (“to laugh”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*klek-",
"ng": "compare Proto-Germanic <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gem-pro\">*hlahjaną</i> (“to laugh”)",
"t": "to laugh, cackle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *klek- (“to laugh, cackle”, compare Proto-Germanic *hlahjaną (“to laugh”))",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la-lat",
"2": "campāna"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin campāna",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":der<unc>",
"3": "cel-pro:*klokkos<t:bell>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably of Celtic origin, from Proto-Celtic *klokkos (“bell”, compare Welsh cloch, Old Irish cloc), either onomatopoeic or from Proto-Indo-European *klek- (“to laugh, cackle”, compare Proto-Germanic *hlahjaną (“to laugh”)).\nThe Oxford English Dictionary observes that this Latin word was most widespread in western and northern Europe; it seems to have followed the spread of Christianity in these areas. The word is first attested in texts from Ireland and may have originated there. Southern European languages instead derive their word for bell from Late Latin campāna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cloccae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "clocca",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cloccae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cloccae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cloccārum",
"links": [
[
"cloccārum",
"cloccarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cloccae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cloccīs",
"links": [
[
"cloccīs",
"cloccis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cloccam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cloccās",
"links": [
[
"cloccās",
"cloccas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cloccā",
"links": [
[
"cloccā",
"clocca#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cloccīs",
"links": [
[
"cloccīs",
"cloccis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "clocca",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cloccae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "clocca<1>"
},
"expansion": "clocca f (genitive cloccae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ML."
},
"expansion": "(Medieval Latin)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"cloc",
"ca"
]
},
{
"parts": [
"cloc",
"cā"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "clocca<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "from 8th century",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Early Medieval Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Medieval Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "98 1 1",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Medieval Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bell"
],
"id": "en-clocca-la-noun-9oN0DN7W",
"links": [
[
"bell",
"bell"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Early Medieval Latin) bell"
],
"tags": [
"Early",
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "from 13th century",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "12 75 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "14 72 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 84 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 44 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 63 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "12 76 12",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 87 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 87 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 84 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a cloak in the shape of a bell worn by riders and travellers"
],
"id": "en-clocca-la-noun-PqsgBx8J",
"links": [
[
"cloak",
"cloak"
],
[
"bell",
"bell"
],
[
"rider",
"rider"
],
[
"traveller",
"traveller"
]
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "from 15th century",
"references": []
}
],
"glosses": [
"clock"
],
"id": "en-clocca-la-noun-2BmO-jYE",
"links": [
[
"clock",
"clock"
]
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"form": "clocca",
"ipa": "[ˈklɔk.ka]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"form": "cloccā",
"ipa": "[ˈklɔk.ka]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oxford English Dictionary"
],
"word": "clocca"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries referencing missing etymons",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin onomatopoeias",
"Latin terms derived from Celtic languages",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms with Ecclesiastical IPA pronunciation only",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Medieval Latin",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Emilian",
"lang_code": "egl",
"word": "ciòca"
},
{
"lang": "Ligurian",
"lang_code": "lij",
"word": "cioca"
},
{
"lang": "Lombard",
"lang_code": "lmo",
"word": "ciòca"
},
{
"lang": "Piedmontese",
"lang_code": "pms",
"word": "ciòca"
}
],
"lang": "Padanian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Bourguignon",
"lang_code": "roa-brg",
"word": "cloiche"
},
{
"lang": "Bourbonnais-Berrichon",
"lang_code": "roa-bbn",
"word": "cloque"
},
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"word": "clloche"
},
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"word": "cllocha"
},
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"word": "hllocha"
},
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"word": "c'hocha"
},
{
"lang": "Franco-Provençal",
"lang_code": "frp",
"word": "tllocha"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cloche"
},
{
"lang": "Esperanto",
"lang_code": "eo",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "kloŝo"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cloche"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "klosz"
}
],
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "cloche"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "cloche"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "cloche"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "cloque"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "cloak"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "cloke"
}
],
"lang": "Old Northern French",
"lang_code": "fro-nor",
"word": "cloque"
},
{
"lang": "Norman",
"lang_code": "nrf",
"word": "clioche"
},
{
"lang": "Picard",
"lang_code": "pcd",
"word": "cloque"
}
],
"lang": "Northern Gallo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"word": "llueca"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "choca"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "choca"
}
],
"lang": "Ibero-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*klokkā"
}
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*klokkos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/klokkos"
],
[
"cloch",
"cloch#Welsh"
],
[
"cloc",
"cloc#Old_Irish"
],
[
"*klek-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/klek-"
],
[
"*hlahjaną",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/hlahjaną"
],
[
"campāna",
"campana#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":der<unc>",
"3": "cel-pro:*klokkos<t:bell>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"gloss\" : \"bell\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Celtic\", \"term\" : \"*klokkos\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"cel-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"clocca\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"clocca\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cel",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Celtic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "cloch"
},
"expansion": "Welsh cloch",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "cloc"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish cloc",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*klokkos",
"ng": "compare Welsh <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"cy\">cloch</i>, Old Irish <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"sga\">cloc</i>",
"t": "bell"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *klokkos (“bell”, compare Welsh cloch, Old Irish cloc)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"title": "onomatopoeic"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*hlahjaną",
"t": "to laugh"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *hlahjaną (“to laugh”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*klek-",
"ng": "compare Proto-Germanic <i class=\"Latn mention\" lang=\"gem-pro\">*hlahjaną</i> (“to laugh”)",
"t": "to laugh, cackle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *klek- (“to laugh, cackle”, compare Proto-Germanic *hlahjaną (“to laugh”))",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la-lat",
"2": "campāna"
},
"expansion": "Late Latin campāna",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":der<unc>",
"3": "cel-pro:*klokkos<t:bell>",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably of Celtic origin, from Proto-Celtic *klokkos (“bell”, compare Welsh cloch, Old Irish cloc), either onomatopoeic or from Proto-Indo-European *klek- (“to laugh, cackle”, compare Proto-Germanic *hlahjaną (“to laugh”)).\nThe Oxford English Dictionary observes that this Latin word was most widespread in western and northern Europe; it seems to have followed the spread of Christianity in these areas. The word is first attested in texts from Ireland and may have originated there. Southern European languages instead derive their word for bell from Late Latin campāna.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "cloccae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "clocca",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cloccae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cloccae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cloccārum",
"links": [
[
"cloccārum",
"cloccarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cloccae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cloccīs",
"links": [
[
"cloccīs",
"cloccis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cloccam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cloccās",
"links": [
[
"cloccās",
"cloccas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "cloccā",
"links": [
[
"cloccā",
"clocca#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "cloccīs",
"links": [
[
"cloccīs",
"cloccis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "clocca",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "cloccae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "clocca<1>"
},
"expansion": "clocca f (genitive cloccae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ML."
},
"expansion": "(Medieval Latin)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"hyphenations": [
{
"parts": [
"cloc",
"ca"
]
},
{
"parts": [
"cloc",
"cā"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "clocca<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "from 8th century",
"references": []
}
],
"categories": [
"Early Medieval Latin",
"Medieval Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"bell"
],
"links": [
[
"bell",
"bell"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Early Medieval Latin) bell"
],
"tags": [
"Early",
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "from 13th century",
"references": []
}
],
"glosses": [
"a cloak in the shape of a bell worn by riders and travellers"
],
"links": [
[
"cloak",
"cloak"
],
[
"bell",
"bell"
],
[
"rider",
"rider"
],
[
"traveller",
"traveller"
]
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"attestations": [
{
"date": "from 15th century",
"references": []
}
],
"glosses": [
"clock"
],
"links": [
[
"clock",
"clock"
]
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"form": "clocca",
"ipa": "[ˈklɔk.ka]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"form": "cloccā",
"ipa": "[ˈklɔk.ka]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Oxford English Dictionary"
],
"word": "clocca"
}
Download raw JSONL data for clocca meaning in Latin (8.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (f9fe161 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.