See bulla in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bullā dignus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bullātus"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bullescō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bulliō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bullō"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0 0",
"word": "bullula"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "bulă"
}
],
"lang": "Eastern Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Istriot",
"lang_code": "ist",
"word": "bòla"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "bolla"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "buḍḍa"
}
],
"lang": "Italo-Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "bole"
}
],
"lang": "Rhaeto-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "bóła"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "boule"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "boule"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"sense": "knob, ball; *bowl",
"word": "bole"
},
{
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "bille"
}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "bola"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "bola"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"sense": "dung dropping",
"word": "bulla"
},
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"sense": "bread roll",
"word": "bolla"
},
{
"lang": "Mirandese",
"lang_code": "mwl",
"sense": "bread roll",
"word": "bolha"
}
],
"lang": "Old Leonese",
"lang_code": "roa-ole"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bolha"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "bolla"
}
],
"lang": "Old Spanish",
"lang_code": "osp"
}
],
"lang": "West Iberian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Western Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bulda"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "butlla"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bull"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bulla"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bula"
},
{
"lang": "Koine Greek",
"lang_code": "grc-koi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "boúllă",
"word": "βούλλᾰ"
},
{
"lang": "Koine Greek",
"lang_code": "grc-koi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "boûllă",
"word": "βοῦλλᾰ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "bulla"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bulla"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bulla"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bula"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bula"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "bulle"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "bulle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "bull"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bull"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bul"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bulle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "bill"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bille"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bulle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "bulle"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "bulle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "bull"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bull"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bul"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bulle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "bill"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bille"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "boille"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "bulle"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "bulle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "bull"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bull"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bul"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bulle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "bill"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bille"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "boule"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "bulle"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "bulle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "bull"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bull"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bul"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bulle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "bill"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bille"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "boulle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "bulle"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "bulle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "bull"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bull"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bul"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bulle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "bill"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bille"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "burle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "bulle"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "bulle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "bull"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bull"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bul"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bulle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "bill"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bille"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bille"
},
{
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la-vul",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*bolla"
}
],
"lang": "Borrowings",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":der",
"3": "ine-pro:*bew-<t:swelling><unc>",
"4": "ine-pro:*bʰel-<id:blow><t:to blow, to swell up><unc>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"gloss\" : \"swelling\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bew-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"blow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰel-\", \"gloss\" : \"to blow, to swell up\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"bulla\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"bulla\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cel-gau"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish [Term?]",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bew-",
"4": "",
"5": "swelling"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bew- (“swelling”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "puyl",
"3": "",
"4": "bag"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch puyl (“bag”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bule",
"3": "",
"4": "buttocks"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian bule (“buttocks”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βολβός",
"t": "bulb"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek βολβός (bolbós, “bulb”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; possibly from Gaulish [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *bew- (“swelling”), same source as Middle Dutch puyl (“bag”) and Lithuanian bule (“buttocks”), or from *bʰel- (“to blow, to swell up”). Ultimately onomatopoeic, similar to Ancient Greek βολβός (bolbós, “bulb”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bullae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bullārum",
"links": [
[
"bullārum",
"bullarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bullīs",
"links": [
[
"bullīs",
"bullis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bullam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bullās",
"links": [
[
"bullās",
"bullas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bullā",
"links": [
[
"bullā",
"bulla#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bullīs",
"links": [
[
"bullīs",
"bullis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bulla<1>"
},
"expansion": "bulla f (genitive bullae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bulla<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 16 23 22 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a bubble"
],
"id": "en-bulla-la-noun-tCOuc9AC",
"links": [
[
"bubble",
"bubble"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 16 23 22 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a swollen or bubble-shaped object",
"a knob, boss, or stud, as on doors, shields, etc."
],
"id": "en-bulla-la-noun-n46KI6sS",
"links": [
[
"swollen",
"swollen"
],
[
"bubble",
"bubble"
],
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"object",
"object"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"knob",
"knob"
],
[
"boss",
"boss"
],
[
"stud",
"stud"
],
[
"as",
"as"
],
[
"door",
"door"
],
[
"shield",
"shield"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"a swollen or bubble-shaped object, particularly:",
"a knob, boss, or stud, as on doors, shields, etc."
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 16 23 22 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a swollen or bubble-shaped object",
"a bulla: a protective (usually golden) amulet worn by upper-class Roman children"
],
"id": "en-bulla-la-noun-j504aDuV",
"links": [
[
"swollen",
"swollen"
],
[
"bubble",
"bubble"
],
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"object",
"object"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"bulla",
"bulla#English"
],
[
"protective",
"protective"
],
[
"usually",
"usually"
],
[
"golden",
"golden"
],
[
"amulet",
"amulet"
],
[
"worn",
"worn"
],
[
"upper",
"upper"
],
[
"class",
"class"
],
[
"Roman",
"Roman"
],
[
"children",
"children"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"a swollen or bubble-shaped object, particularly:",
"(historical) a bulla: a protective (usually golden) amulet worn by upper-class Roman children"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Medieval Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "17 16 23 22 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a swollen or bubble-shaped object",
"a round metallic seal certifying official medieval documents, particularly the golden imperial seal and the leaden papal one."
],
"id": "en-bulla-la-noun-la:seal",
"links": [
[
"swollen",
"swollen"
],
[
"bubble",
"bubble"
],
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"object",
"object"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"round",
"round"
],
[
"metallic",
"metallic"
],
[
"seal",
"seal"
],
[
"certify",
"certify"
],
[
"official",
"official"
],
[
"medieval",
"medieval"
],
[
"document",
"document"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"golden",
"golden"
],
[
"imperial",
"imperial"
],
[
"seal",
"seal"
],
[
"leaden",
"leaden"
],
[
"papal",
"papal"
],
[
"one",
"one"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"a swollen or bubble-shaped object, particularly:",
"(Medieval Latin, historical) a round metallic seal certifying official medieval documents, particularly the golden imperial seal and the leaden papal one."
],
"senseid": [
"la:seal"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Medieval Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "4 10 22 10 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 5 22 5 65",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "2 7 23 7 62",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "17 16 23 22 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 7 23 7 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin onomatopoeias",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 10 19 10 58",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 10 17 10 59",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a papal bull or other official document sealed with a bulla"
],
"id": "en-bulla-la-noun-M8lhFx8o",
"links": [
[
"papal bull",
"papal bull"
],
[
"other",
"other"
],
[
"official",
"official"
],
[
"document",
"document"
],
[
"seal",
"seal"
],
[
"bulla",
"bulla#Latin:_seal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin) a papal bull or other official document sealed with a bulla"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈbʊl.la]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈbul.la]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈbʊl.laː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈbul.la]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"fr:Jacques André"
],
"word": "bulla"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries referencing missing etymons",
"Latin entries with etymon",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin onomatopoeias",
"Latin terms derived from Gaulish",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰel- (blow)",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 12 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "bullā dignus"
},
{
"word": "bullātus"
},
{
"word": "bullescō"
},
{
"word": "bulliō"
},
{
"word": "bullō"
},
{
"word": "bullula"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Romanian",
"lang_code": "ro",
"word": "bulă"
}
],
"lang": "Eastern Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Istriot",
"lang_code": "ist",
"word": "bòla"
},
{
"lang": "Italian",
"lang_code": "it",
"word": "bolla"
},
{
"lang": "Sicilian",
"lang_code": "scn",
"word": "buḍḍa"
}
],
"lang": "Italo-Dalmatian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Friulian",
"lang_code": "fur",
"word": "bole"
}
],
"lang": "Rhaeto-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"lang": "Venetan",
"lang_code": "vec",
"word": "bóła"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "boule"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "boule"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"sense": "knob, ball; *bowl",
"word": "bole"
},
{
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"word": "bille"
}
],
"lang": "Gallo-Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"word": "bola"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"word": "bola"
}
],
"lang": "Old Galician-Portuguese",
"lang_code": "roa-opt"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"sense": "dung dropping",
"word": "bulla"
},
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"sense": "bread roll",
"word": "bolla"
},
{
"lang": "Mirandese",
"lang_code": "mwl",
"sense": "bread roll",
"word": "bolha"
}
],
"lang": "Old Leonese",
"lang_code": "roa-ole"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bolha"
}
],
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"word": "bolla"
}
],
"lang": "Old Spanish",
"lang_code": "osp"
}
],
"lang": "West Iberian",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"lang": "Western Romance",
"lang_code": "unknown"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Asturian",
"lang_code": "ast",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bulda"
},
{
"lang": "Catalan",
"lang_code": "ca",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "butlla"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bull"
},
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bulla"
},
{
"lang": "Galician",
"lang_code": "gl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bula"
},
{
"lang": "Koine Greek",
"lang_code": "grc-koi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "boúllă",
"word": "βούλλᾰ"
},
{
"lang": "Koine Greek",
"lang_code": "grc-koi",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"roman": "boûllă",
"word": "βοῦλλᾰ"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Irish",
"lang_code": "ga",
"word": "bulla"
}
],
"lang": "Old Irish",
"lang_code": "sga",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bulla"
},
{
"lang": "Polish",
"lang_code": "pl",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bulla"
},
{
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bula"
},
{
"lang": "Spanish",
"lang_code": "es",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bula"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "bulle"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "bulle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "bull"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bull"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bul"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bulle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "bill"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bille"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bulle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "bulle"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "bulle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "bull"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bull"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bul"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bulle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "bill"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bille"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "boille"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "bulle"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "bulle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "bull"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bull"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bul"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bulle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "bill"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bille"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "boule"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "bulle"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "bulle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "bull"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bull"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bul"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bulle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "bill"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bille"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "boulle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "bulle"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "bulle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "bull"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bull"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bul"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bulle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "bill"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bille"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "burle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"word": "bulle"
}
],
"lang": "Middle French",
"lang_code": "frm",
"word": "bulle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "bull"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bull"
},
{
"lang": "Scots",
"lang_code": "sco",
"word": "bul"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bulle"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"word": "bill"
}
],
"lang": "Middle English",
"lang_code": "enm",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bille"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "bille"
},
{
"lang": "Vulgar Latin",
"lang_code": "la-vul",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*bolla"
}
],
"lang": "Borrowings",
"lang_code": "unknown"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": ":der",
"3": "ine-pro:*bew-<t:swelling><unc>",
"4": "ine-pro:*bʰel-<id:blow><t:to blow, to swell up><unc>"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"gloss\" : \"swelling\", \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bew-\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"is_uncertain\" : true, \"id\" : \"blow\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰel-\", \"gloss\" : \"to blow, to swell up\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"derived\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"bulla\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"bulla\">",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cel-gau"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish [Term?]",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*bew-",
"4": "",
"5": "swelling"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *bew- (“swelling”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "puyl",
"3": "",
"4": "bag"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch puyl (“bag”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "bule",
"3": "",
"4": "buttocks"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian bule (“buttocks”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "onomatopoeic",
"name": "onomatopoeic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "βολβός",
"t": "bulb"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek βολβός (bolbós, “bulb”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain; possibly from Gaulish [Term?], from Proto-Indo-European *bew- (“swelling”), same source as Middle Dutch puyl (“bag”) and Lithuanian bule (“buttocks”), or from *bʰel- (“to blow, to swell up”). Ultimately onomatopoeic, similar to Ancient Greek βολβός (bolbós, “bulb”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bullae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bullārum",
"links": [
[
"bullārum",
"bullarum#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bullīs",
"links": [
[
"bullīs",
"bullis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bullam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bullās",
"links": [
[
"bullās",
"bullas#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bullā",
"links": [
[
"bullā",
"bulla#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bullīs",
"links": [
[
"bullīs",
"bullis#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bulla",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bullae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bulla<1>"
},
"expansion": "bulla f (genitive bullae); first declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bulla<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a bubble"
],
"links": [
[
"bubble",
"bubble"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"a swollen or bubble-shaped object",
"a knob, boss, or stud, as on doors, shields, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"swollen",
"swollen"
],
[
"bubble",
"bubble"
],
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"object",
"object"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"knob",
"knob"
],
[
"boss",
"boss"
],
[
"stud",
"stud"
],
[
"as",
"as"
],
[
"door",
"door"
],
[
"shield",
"shield"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"a swollen or bubble-shaped object, particularly:",
"a knob, boss, or stud, as on doors, shields, etc."
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with historical senses"
],
"glosses": [
"a swollen or bubble-shaped object",
"a bulla: a protective (usually golden) amulet worn by upper-class Roman children"
],
"links": [
[
"swollen",
"swollen"
],
[
"bubble",
"bubble"
],
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"object",
"object"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"bulla",
"bulla#English"
],
[
"protective",
"protective"
],
[
"usually",
"usually"
],
[
"golden",
"golden"
],
[
"amulet",
"amulet"
],
[
"worn",
"worn"
],
[
"upper",
"upper"
],
[
"class",
"class"
],
[
"Roman",
"Roman"
],
[
"children",
"children"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"a swollen or bubble-shaped object, particularly:",
"(historical) a bulla: a protective (usually golden) amulet worn by upper-class Roman children"
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with historical senses",
"Medieval Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"a swollen or bubble-shaped object",
"a round metallic seal certifying official medieval documents, particularly the golden imperial seal and the leaden papal one."
],
"links": [
[
"swollen",
"swollen"
],
[
"bubble",
"bubble"
],
[
"shape",
"shape"
],
[
"object",
"object"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"round",
"round"
],
[
"metallic",
"metallic"
],
[
"seal",
"seal"
],
[
"certify",
"certify"
],
[
"official",
"official"
],
[
"medieval",
"medieval"
],
[
"document",
"document"
],
[
"particularly",
"particularly"
],
[
"golden",
"golden"
],
[
"imperial",
"imperial"
],
[
"seal",
"seal"
],
[
"leaden",
"leaden"
],
[
"papal",
"papal"
],
[
"one",
"one"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"a swollen or bubble-shaped object, particularly:",
"(Medieval Latin, historical) a round metallic seal certifying official medieval documents, particularly the golden imperial seal and the leaden papal one."
],
"senseid": [
"la:seal"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"historical"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Medieval Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"a papal bull or other official document sealed with a bulla"
],
"links": [
[
"papal bull",
"papal bull"
],
[
"other",
"other"
],
[
"official",
"official"
],
[
"document",
"document"
],
[
"seal",
"seal"
],
[
"bulla",
"bulla#Latin:_seal"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Medieval Latin) a papal bull or other official document sealed with a bulla"
],
"tags": [
"Medieval-Latin",
"declension-1",
"feminine"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[ˈbʊl.la]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈbul.la]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈbʊl.laː]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈbul.la]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"fr:Jacques André"
],
"word": "bulla"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bulla meaning in Latin (14.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (ccec6f1 and 4deed51). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.