See bitumen in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for bitumen meaning in Latin (6.7kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-oca",
"2": "betum",
"3": "bitum"
},
"expansion": "Old Catalan: betum, bitum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Catalan: betum, bitum"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "betum"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: betum\n→? Portuguese: betume\n→ Spanish: betún",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: betum\n→? Portuguese: betume\n→ Spanish: betún"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "betume",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Spanish: betume",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Spanish: betume"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "bèton",
"3": "blèton",
"4": "bleton"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: bèton, blèton, bleton",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: bèton, blèton, bleton"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "betum"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: betum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: betum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "betun"
},
"expansion": "Old French: betun",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: betun"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "béton"
},
"expansion": "French: béton",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "French: béton (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": ""
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bitumen",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: bitumen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: bitumen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bitume",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: bitume",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: bitume"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bitume",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: bitume",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: bitume"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "bitume",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: bitume",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: bitume"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Bitumen",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Bitumen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Bitumen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "בִּיטוּמֵן",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hebrew: בִּיטוּמֵן",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hebrew: בִּיטוּמֵן"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "би́тум",
"bor": "1",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: би́тум m (bítum)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: би́тум m (bítum)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "ביטומען",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Yiddish: ביטומען (bitumen)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Yiddish: ביטומען (bitumen)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "-men",
"alt1": "*bitu"
},
"expansion": "*bitu + -men",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷétu",
"t": "resin, gum"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷétu (“resin, gum”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-sbl"
},
"expansion": "Osco-Umbrian",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cel",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Celtic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "betulla"
},
"expansion": "Latin betulla",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "firmus"
},
"expansion": "firmus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vitulus"
},
"expansion": "vitulus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "bìth",
"t": "resin, gum"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic bìth (“resin, gum”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cud"
},
"expansion": "English cud",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जतु",
"t": "lac, gum"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit जतु (jatu, “lac, gum”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *bitu + -men, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷétu (“resin, gum”), borrowed from an Osco-Umbrian language, traditionally assumed to be a Celtic one (compare Latin betulla), where the shift of *gʷ to b is regular. The raising of the first vowel might come from the Osco-Umbrian variety, or have been developed in Latin, as occasionally happens after labials; compare firmus, vitulus. Cognate with Scottish Gaelic bìth (“resin, gum”), English cud, Sanskrit जतु (jatu, “lac, gum”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bitūmen",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "bitūminis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bitūmen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bitūmina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bitūminis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bitūminum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bitūminī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bitūminibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bitūmen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bitūmina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bitūmine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bitūminibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bitūmen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bitūmina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bitūmen<3>"
},
"expansion": "bitūmen n (genitive bitūminis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bitūmen<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin neuter nouns in the third declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin terms suffixed with -men",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"mineral pitch, bitumen"
],
"id": "en-bitumen-la-noun-5fKzvHYz",
"links": [
[
"pitch",
"pitch"
],
[
"bitumen",
"#English"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "bitūmineus"
},
{
"word": "bitūminō"
},
{
"word": "bitūminōsus"
}
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/biˈtuː.men/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[bɪˈt̪uːmɛn]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/biˈtu.men/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[biˈt̪uːmen]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "bitumen"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-oca",
"2": "betum",
"3": "bitum"
},
"expansion": "Old Catalan: betum, bitum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Catalan: betum, bitum"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "betum"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: betum\n→? Portuguese: betume\n→ Spanish: betún",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: betum\n→? Portuguese: betume\n→ Spanish: betún"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "betume",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Spanish: betume",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Spanish: betume"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frp",
"2": "bèton",
"3": "blèton",
"4": "bleton"
},
"expansion": "Franco-Provençal: bèton, blèton, bleton",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Franco-Provençal: bèton, blèton, bleton"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "betum"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: betum",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: betum"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "betun"
},
"expansion": "Old French: betun",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old French: betun"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "béton"
},
"expansion": "French: béton",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "French: béton (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": ""
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bitumen",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: bitumen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: bitumen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "bitume",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ French: bitume",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: bitume"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "bitume",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: bitume",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: bitume"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "bitume",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Italian: bitume",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Italian: bitume"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Bitumen",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Bitumen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Bitumen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "he",
"2": "בִּיטוּמֵן",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Hebrew: בִּיטוּמֵן",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Hebrew: בִּיטוּמֵן"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ru",
"2": "би́тум",
"bor": "1",
"g": "m"
},
"expansion": "→ Russian: би́тум m (bítum)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Russian: би́тум m (bítum)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "ביטומען",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Yiddish: ביטומען (bitumen)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Yiddish: ביטומען (bitumen)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "",
"3": "-men",
"alt1": "*bitu"
},
"expansion": "*bitu + -men",
"name": "af"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gʷétu",
"t": "resin, gum"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷétu (“resin, gum”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "itc-sbl"
},
"expansion": "Osco-Umbrian",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cel",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Celtic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "betulla"
},
"expansion": "Latin betulla",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "firmus"
},
"expansion": "firmus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vitulus"
},
"expansion": "vitulus",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gd",
"2": "bìth",
"t": "resin, gum"
},
"expansion": "Scottish Gaelic bìth (“resin, gum”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "cud"
},
"expansion": "English cud",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जतु",
"t": "lac, gum"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit जतु (jatu, “lac, gum”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *bitu + -men, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷétu (“resin, gum”), borrowed from an Osco-Umbrian language, traditionally assumed to be a Celtic one (compare Latin betulla), where the shift of *gʷ to b is regular. The raising of the first vowel might come from the Osco-Umbrian variety, or have been developed in Latin, as occasionally happens after labials; compare firmus, vitulus. Cognate with Scottish Gaelic bìth (“resin, gum”), English cud, Sanskrit जतु (jatu, “lac, gum”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "bitūmen",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"neuter"
]
},
{
"form": "bitūminis",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bitūmen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bitūmina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bitūminis",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bitūminum",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bitūminī",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bitūminibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bitūmen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bitūmina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bitūmine",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bitūminibus",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bitūmen",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bitūmina",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bitūmen<3>"
},
"expansion": "bitūmen n (genitive bitūminis); third declension",
"name": "la-noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bitūmen<3>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "bitūmineus"
},
{
"word": "bitūminō"
},
{
"word": "bitūminōsus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin 3-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin neuter nouns",
"Latin neuter nouns in the third declension",
"Latin nouns",
"Latin terms borrowed from Osco-Umbrian languages",
"Latin terms derived from Osco-Umbrian languages",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Latin terms suffixed with -men",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin third declension nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"mineral pitch, bitumen"
],
"links": [
[
"pitch",
"pitch"
],
[
"bitumen",
"#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-3"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/biˈtuː.men/",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[bɪˈt̪uːmɛn]",
"tags": [
"Classical"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/biˈtu.men/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[biˈt̪uːmen]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "bitumen"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
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