See Rura in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*(H)rewH-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(H)rewH-"
],
[
"raupjš",
"raupjš#Latvian"
],
[
"*ruro-/*rurā-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ruro-/*rurā-"
],
[
"*h₃reyH-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃reyH-"
],
[
"*h₂reu-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂reu-"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Indo-European",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(H)rewH-",
"t": "to root, dig out, tear open"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(H)rewH- (“to root, dig out, tear open”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "raupjš",
"t": "harsh, rough"
},
"expansion": "Latvian raupjš (“harsh, rough”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cel",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Celtic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ruro-/*rurā-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ruro-/*rurā-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃reyH-",
"t": "to move quickly, rush forward"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃reyH- (“to move quickly, rush forward”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from a pre-Germanic Indo-European hydronym derived from a root related to Proto-Indo-European *(H)rewH- (“to root, dig out, tear open”), see also Latvian raupjš (“harsh, rough”).\nBichlmeier instead argues that the name is probably Celtic, reconstructing Proto-Celtic *ruro-/*rurā-. He derives this alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reyH- (“to move quickly, rush forward”), or from *h₂reu- (“to shine, sparkle reddish”), hence “the gleaming one”. He considers both meanings typical of ancient hydronyms and does not choose between them.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Rurae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Rura",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rurae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rurae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ruram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rurā",
"links": [
[
"Rurā",
"Rura#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rura",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Rura<1>"
},
"expansion": "Rura f sg (genitive Rurae); first declension",
"name": "la-proper noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Rura<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "79 21",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Germany",
"orig": "la:Germany",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Rivers",
"orig": "la:Rivers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The river Ruhr in Germany"
],
"id": "en-Rura-la-name-Nnn0OnAf",
"links": [
[
"Ruhr",
"Ruhr"
],
[
"Germany",
"Germany"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "51 49",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "45 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Rivers",
"orig": "la:Rivers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The river Rur/Roer in Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands"
],
"id": "en-Rura-la-name-8xUqtwrj",
"links": [
[
"Rur",
"Rur"
],
[
"Roer",
"Roer"
],
[
"Belgium",
"Belgium"
],
[
"Germany",
"Germany"
],
[
"the Netherlands",
"the Netherlands"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "Rura"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin proper nouns",
"Latin terms derived from Celtic languages",
"Latin terms derived from Indo-European languages",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Celtic",
"Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Germany",
"la:Rivers"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*(H)rewH-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/(H)rewH-"
],
[
"raupjš",
"raupjš#Latvian"
],
[
"*ruro-/*rurā-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Celtic/ruro-/*rurā-"
],
[
"*h₃reyH-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₃reyH-"
],
[
"*h₂reu-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂reu-"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Indo-European",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*(H)rewH-",
"t": "to root, dig out, tear open"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(H)rewH- (“to root, dig out, tear open”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "raupjš",
"t": "harsh, rough"
},
"expansion": "Latvian raupjš (“harsh, rough”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cel",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Celtic",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "cel-pro",
"3": "*ruro-/*rurā-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *ruro-/*rurā-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₃reyH-",
"t": "to move quickly, rush forward"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₃reyH- (“to move quickly, rush forward”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from a pre-Germanic Indo-European hydronym derived from a root related to Proto-Indo-European *(H)rewH- (“to root, dig out, tear open”), see also Latvian raupjš (“harsh, rough”).\nBichlmeier instead argues that the name is probably Celtic, reconstructing Proto-Celtic *ruro-/*rurā-. He derives this alternatively from Proto-Indo-European *h₃reyH- (“to move quickly, rush forward”), or from *h₂reu- (“to shine, sparkle reddish”), hence “the gleaming one”. He considers both meanings typical of ancient hydronyms and does not choose between them.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Rurae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Rura",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rurae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rurae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Ruram",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rurā",
"links": [
[
"Rurā",
"Rura#Latin"
]
],
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rura",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Rura<1>"
},
"expansion": "Rura f sg (genitive Rurae); first declension",
"name": "la-proper noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Rura<1>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"The river Ruhr in Germany"
],
"links": [
[
"Ruhr",
"Ruhr"
],
[
"Germany",
"Germany"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The river Rur/Roer in Belgium, Germany and the Netherlands"
],
"links": [
[
"Rur",
"Rur"
],
[
"Roer",
"Roer"
],
[
"Belgium",
"Belgium"
],
[
"Germany",
"Germany"
],
[
"the Netherlands",
"the Netherlands"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
}
],
"word": "Rura"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Rura meaning in Latin (3.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (19f9a30 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.