See Roma in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "Roma"
},
"expansion": "Italian: Roma\n→ Burmese: ရောမ (rau:ma.)\n→ Japanese: ローマ (Rōma) (perhaps via Portuguese Roma)\n→ Korean: 로마 (roma)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Italian: Roma\n→ Burmese: ရောမ (rau:ma.)\n→ Japanese: ローマ (Rōma) (perhaps via Portuguese Roma)\n→ Korean: 로마 (roma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "Old French: Rome, Rume, Rumme (Anglo-Norman)\nFrench: Rome\nGuianese Creole: Ròm\nHaitian Creole: Wòm\nLao: ໂຣມ (rōm)\nNorman: Rome\nPicard: Rome\nWalloon: Rome",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: Rome, Rume, Rumme (Anglo-Norman)\nFrench: Rome\nGuianese Creole: Ròm\nHaitian Creole: Wòm\nLao: ໂຣມ (rōm)\nNorman: Rome\nPicard: Rome\nWalloon: Rome"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "Roma"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: Roma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: Roma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "Roma"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: Roma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: Roma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Iberian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "Roma"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: Roma\nGalician: Roma\nPortuguese: Roma",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: Roma\nGalician: Roma\nPortuguese: Roma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "Roma"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish: Roma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish: Roma"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "Roma"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: Roma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: Roma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "Ruma",
"3": "Roma"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: Ruma, Roma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: Ruma, Roma"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Ῥώμη",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ancient Greek: Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē)\nGreek: Ρώμη (Rómi)\n→ Arabic: رُومِية (rūmiya)\n→ Aramaic: רומא\nClassical Syriac: ܪܘܡܐ (Rōmāʾ, Rōmēʾ)\n→ Old Armenian: Հռովմ (Hṙovm), Հռոմ (Hṙom)\nArmenian: Հռոմ (Hṙom)\n→ Egyptian: h:r:M-t*t:xAst (hrm)\n→ Parthian: (/Frōm/)\nInscriptional Parthian script: 𐭐𐭓𐭅𐭌 (prwm)\nManichaean script: 𐫜𐫡𐫇𐫖 (frwm)\n→ Sogdian: (\"Rome, Byzantium\")\nManichaean script: 𐫂𐫡𐫀𐫇𐫖 (βrʾwm /Frūm, Frōm/)\nSogdian script: 𐽃𐽀𐼴𐼺 (frwm /Frūm/)\n→ Old Turkic: 𐰯𐰆𐰺𐰢 (pur¹m /purum/) (\"Byzantium, Greek\")\n→ Chinese: 拂菻 (Fúlǐn) (via Iranian)\n→ Middle Persian: (/Hrōm/, “Rome; Byzantine”)\nBook Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (hlwm)\nManichaean script: 𐫍𐫡𐫇𐫖 (hrwm)\nPazend script: 𐬀𐬭𐬋𐬨 (arōm)\nInscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬𐭩 (ḥlwmy), Middle Persian: 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (ḥlwm)\nPersian: روم (rum), اروم (orum) (rare, obsolete)\n→ Ottoman Turkish: روم (rum)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Ancient Greek: Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē)\nGreek: Ρώμη (Rómi)\n→ Arabic: رُومِية (rūmiya)\n→ Aramaic: רומא\nClassical Syriac: ܪܘܡܐ (Rōmāʾ, Rōmēʾ)\n→ Old Armenian: Հռովմ (Hṙovm), Հռոմ (Hṙom)\nArmenian: Հռոմ (Hṙom)\n→ Egyptian: h:r:M-t*t:xAst (hrm)\n→ Parthian: (/Frōm/)\nInscriptional Parthian script: 𐭐𐭓𐭅𐭌 (prwm)\nManichaean script: 𐫜𐫡𐫇𐫖 (frwm)\n→ Sogdian: (\"Rome, Byzantium\")\nManichaean script: 𐫂𐫡𐫀𐫇𐫖 (βrʾwm /Frūm, Frōm/)\nSogdian script: 𐽃𐽀𐼴𐼺 (frwm /Frūm/)\n→ Old Turkic: 𐰯𐰆𐰺𐰢 (pur¹m /purum/) (\"Byzantium, Greek\")\n→ Chinese: 拂菻 (Fúlǐn) (via Iranian)\n→ Middle Persian: (/Hrōm/, “Rome; Byzantine”)\nBook Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (hlwm)\nManichaean script: 𐫍𐫡𐫇𐫖 (hrwm)\nPazend script: 𐬀𐬭𐬋𐬨 (arōm)\nInscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬𐭩 (ḥlwmy), Middle Persian: 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (ḥlwm)\nPersian: روم (rum), اروم (orum) (rare, obsolete)\n→ Ottoman Turkish: روم (rum)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "روما",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "rūmā"
},
"expansion": "→ Arabic: روما (rūmā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Arabic: روما (rūmā)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*Rūmā",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Celtic: *Rūmā",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Celtic: *Rūmā (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*Rūmō",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Germanic: *Rūmō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Germanic: *Rūmō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"alt1": "*Rymъ",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "*Rymъ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Southern Common Slavic: *Rymъ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"alt1": "*Rĩmъ",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "*Rĩmъ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Eastern South Slavic: *Rĩmъ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "Ⱃⰹⰿⱏ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: Ⱃⰹⰿⱏ (Rimŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: Ⱃⰹⰿⱏ (Rimŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "Римъ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: Римъ (Rimŭ)\nBulgarian: Рим (Rim)\nMacedonian: Рим (Rim)\n→ Old East Slavic: Римъ (Rimŭ)\nOld Ruthenian: Римъ (Rim)\nBelarusian: Рым (Rym)\nCarpathian Rusyn: Рим (Rym)\nUkrainian: Рим (Rym)\nRussian: Рим (Rim)\n→ Romanian: Râm (obsolete)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: Римъ (Rimŭ)\nBulgarian: Рим (Rim)\nMacedonian: Рим (Rim)\n→ Old East Slavic: Римъ (Rimŭ)\nOld Ruthenian: Римъ (Rim)\nBelarusian: Рым (Rym)\nCarpathian Rusyn: Рим (Rym)\nUkrainian: Рим (Rym)\nRussian: Рим (Rim)\n→ Romanian: Râm (obsolete)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"alt1": "*Rĩmъ",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "*Rĩmъ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Western South Slavic: *Rĩmъ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "Ри̑м",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: Ри̑м",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: Ри̑м"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "Rȋm",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: Rȋm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: Rȋm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "Rím",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: Rím",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Rím"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: Rím (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: Rím (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "Řím",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Czech: Řím\nCzech: Řím\n→ Kashubian: Rzim\n→ Old Polish: Rzym\nPolish: Rzym\n→ Silesian: Rzim\n→ Slovak: Rím",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Czech: Řím\nCzech: Řím\n→ Kashubian: Rzim\n→ Old Polish: Rzym\nPolish: Rzym\n→ Silesian: Rzim\n→ Slovak: Rím"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "he-mis",
"2": "רומא",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Mishnaic Hebrew: רומא",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Mishnaic Hebrew: רומא"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "he-IL",
"2": "רומא",
"tr": "róma"
},
"expansion": "Israeli Hebrew: רומא (róma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Israeli Hebrew: רומא (róma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"bor": "1",
"sc": "Phlv",
"t": "Roman, Greek",
"ts": "Hrōmāyīg"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Persian: [Term?] (/Hrōmāyīg/, “Roman, Greek”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Persian: [Term?] (/Hrōmāyīg/, “Roman, Greek”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "Róm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Irish: Róm",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Irish: Róm (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "Roma",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: Roma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: Roma"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Rome#Etymology",
"2": "Rome § Etymology"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "folk etymology"
},
"expansion": "folk etymology",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ῥεῦμα",
"3": "",
"4": "river"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ῥεῦμα (rheûma, “river”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "rrymë",
"3": "",
"4": "stream"
},
"expansion": "Albanian rrymë (“stream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*strumy",
"3": "",
"4": "stream"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *strumy (“stream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "stràuma",
"3": "",
"4": "stream"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian stràuma (“stream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "rūmen"
},
"expansion": "Latin rūmen",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine"
},
"expansion": "Indo-European",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ett",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Etruscan",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain.\n* Roman mythology derived the name from Rōmulus, name of the legendary founder and first king. This is almost certainly a folk etymology, and the name of the mythical figure is more likely derived from the city name.\n* The word may derive from *Roumon- or *Roumen-, an archaic name for the Tiber river that would be derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *srew- (“to flow”) (for which compare Ancient Greek ῥεῦμα (rheûma, “river”) and Στρῡμών (Strūmṓn, “Strymon, Struma”), Albanian rrymë (“stream”), Proto-Slavic *strumy (“stream”), Lithuanian stràuma (“stream”), and perhaps also Latin rūmen). If so, the intermediate source may have been an Indo-European substrate.\n* The word may be of Etruscan origin, as 𐌓𐌖𐌌𐌀 (ruma) was one of the Etruscan gentes, from 𐌓𐌖𐌌 (rum, “teat”). Given the lack of a secure Indo-European etymology for Rōma, this possibility is most appealing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Rōma",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rōmae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Rōma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rōmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rōmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rōmam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rōmā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rōma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Rōmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Rōma<1.loc>"
},
"expansion": "Rōma f sg (genitive Rōmae); first declension",
"name": "la-proper noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Rōma<1.loc>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "name",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Ancient settlements",
"orig": "la:Ancient settlements",
"parents": [
"Historical settlements",
"Historical polities",
"Polities",
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Cities in Italy",
"orig": "la:Cities in Italy",
"parents": [
"Cities",
"Places",
"Polities",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Historical capitals",
"orig": "la:Historical capitals",
"parents": [
"Historical settlements",
"Historical polities",
"Polities",
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "National capitals",
"orig": "la:National capitals",
"parents": [
"Capital cities",
"Cities",
"Polities",
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Places in Italy",
"orig": "la:Places in Italy",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Places in the Roman Empire",
"orig": "la:Places in the Roman Empire",
"parents": [
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Rome",
"orig": "la:Rome",
"parents": [
"Lazio",
"Italy",
"Europe",
"Earth",
"Eurasia",
"Nature",
"All topics",
"Fundamental"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "17 22 30 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 20 14 28",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Cities",
"orig": "la:Cities",
"parents": [
"Polities",
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "That Rome might overcome all countries.",
"text": "Ut Roma iugum omnibus terris imponeret.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He came from Rome.",
"text": "Venit Roma.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rome (the ancient capital of the Roman Empire; capital city of modern-day Italy)"
],
"id": "en-Roma-la-name-gy0P-rNt",
"links": [
[
"Rome",
"Rome#English"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"Roman Empire",
"Roman Empire#English"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
],
[
"Italy",
"Italy#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "17 22 30 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The Roman Empire per se (as a synecdoche)."
],
"id": "en-Roma-la-name-bZUdzLb1",
"links": [
[
"per se",
"per se"
],
[
"synecdoche",
"synecdoche"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Late Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "17 22 30 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "12 11 62 15",
"word": "rōmānicus"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 11 62 15",
"word": "rōmānus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rome and/or Constantinople (the latter as \"Nova Roma\")."
],
"id": "en-Roma-la-name-sQryR~mC",
"links": [
[
"Constantinople",
"Constantinople"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Late Latin) Rome and/or Constantinople (the latter as \"Nova Roma\")."
],
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "12 11 62 15",
"word": "Rōmilius"
},
{
"_dis1": "12 11 62 15",
"word": "Rōmulus"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "12 11 62 15",
"english": "numismatic abbreviation",
"word": "R"
}
],
"tags": [
"Late-Latin",
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Ecclesiastical Latin",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "17 22 30 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "20 25 6 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 24 18 33",
"kind": "place",
"langcode": "la",
"name": "Historical polities",
"orig": "la:Historical polities",
"parents": [
"Polities",
"Places",
"Names",
"All topics",
"Proper nouns",
"Terms by semantic function",
"Fundamental",
"Nouns",
"Lemmas"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The Roman Catholic Church in general."
],
"id": "en-Roma-la-name-rQay3us4",
"links": [
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"Roman Catholic Church",
"Roman Catholic Church"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Ecclesiastical Latin, poetic) The Roman Catholic Church in general."
],
"tags": [
"Ecclesiastical",
"Latin",
"declension-1",
"poetic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈroː.ma/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈroːmä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈro.ma/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrɔːmä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"word": "Roma"
}
{
"categories": [
"Latin 2-syllable words",
"Latin entries with incorrect language header",
"Latin feminine nouns",
"Latin feminine nouns in the first declension",
"Latin first declension nouns",
"Latin lemmas",
"Latin proper nouns",
"Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Latin terms with unknown etymologies",
"Pages with 27 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"la:Cities",
"la:Historical polities"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "rōmānicus"
},
{
"word": "rōmānus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "Roma"
},
"expansion": "Italian: Roma\n→ Burmese: ရောမ (rau:ma.)\n→ Japanese: ローマ (Rōma) (perhaps via Portuguese Roma)\n→ Korean: 로마 (roma)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Italian: Roma\n→ Burmese: ရောမ (rau:ma.)\n→ Japanese: ローマ (Rōma) (perhaps via Portuguese Roma)\n→ Korean: 로마 (roma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "Rome"
},
"expansion": "Old French: Rome, Rume, Rumme (Anglo-Norman)\nFrench: Rome\nGuianese Creole: Ròm\nHaitian Creole: Wòm\nLao: ໂຣມ (rōm)\nNorman: Rome\nPicard: Rome\nWalloon: Rome",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old French: Rome, Rume, Rumme (Anglo-Norman)\nFrench: Rome\nGuianese Creole: Ròm\nHaitian Creole: Wòm\nLao: ໂຣມ (rōm)\nNorman: Rome\nPicard: Rome\nWalloon: Rome"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pro"
},
"expansion": "Old Occitan:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Occitan:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "oc",
"2": "Roma"
},
"expansion": "Occitan: Roma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Occitan: Roma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "Roma"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: Roma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: Roma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "West Iberian"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "roa-opt",
"2": "Roma"
},
"expansion": "Old Galician-Portuguese: Roma\nGalician: Roma\nPortuguese: Roma",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Galician-Portuguese: Roma\nGalician: Roma\nPortuguese: Roma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osp",
"2": "Roma"
},
"expansion": "Old Spanish: Roma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Spanish: Roma"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "Roma"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: Roma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: Roma"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "scn",
"2": "Ruma",
"3": "Roma"
},
"expansion": "Sicilian: Ruma, Roma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sicilian: Ruma, Roma"
},
{
"depth": 0,
"templates": [],
"text": "Borrowings"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Ῥώμη",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ancient Greek: Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē)\nGreek: Ρώμη (Rómi)\n→ Arabic: رُومِية (rūmiya)\n→ Aramaic: רומא\nClassical Syriac: ܪܘܡܐ (Rōmāʾ, Rōmēʾ)\n→ Old Armenian: Հռովմ (Hṙovm), Հռոմ (Hṙom)\nArmenian: Հռոմ (Hṙom)\n→ Egyptian: h:r:M-t*t:xAst (hrm)\n→ Parthian: (/Frōm/)\nInscriptional Parthian script: 𐭐𐭓𐭅𐭌 (prwm)\nManichaean script: 𐫜𐫡𐫇𐫖 (frwm)\n→ Sogdian: (\"Rome, Byzantium\")\nManichaean script: 𐫂𐫡𐫀𐫇𐫖 (βrʾwm /Frūm, Frōm/)\nSogdian script: 𐽃𐽀𐼴𐼺 (frwm /Frūm/)\n→ Old Turkic: 𐰯𐰆𐰺𐰢 (pur¹m /purum/) (\"Byzantium, Greek\")\n→ Chinese: 拂菻 (Fúlǐn) (via Iranian)\n→ Middle Persian: (/Hrōm/, “Rome; Byzantine”)\nBook Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (hlwm)\nManichaean script: 𐫍𐫡𐫇𐫖 (hrwm)\nPazend script: 𐬀𐬭𐬋𐬨 (arōm)\nInscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬𐭩 (ḥlwmy), Middle Persian: 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (ḥlwm)\nPersian: روم (rum), اروم (orum) (rare, obsolete)\n→ Ottoman Turkish: روم (rum)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Ancient Greek: Ῥώμη (Rhṓmē)\nGreek: Ρώμη (Rómi)\n→ Arabic: رُومِية (rūmiya)\n→ Aramaic: רומא\nClassical Syriac: ܪܘܡܐ (Rōmāʾ, Rōmēʾ)\n→ Old Armenian: Հռովմ (Hṙovm), Հռոմ (Hṙom)\nArmenian: Հռոմ (Hṙom)\n→ Egyptian: h:r:M-t*t:xAst (hrm)\n→ Parthian: (/Frōm/)\nInscriptional Parthian script: 𐭐𐭓𐭅𐭌 (prwm)\nManichaean script: 𐫜𐫡𐫇𐫖 (frwm)\n→ Sogdian: (\"Rome, Byzantium\")\nManichaean script: 𐫂𐫡𐫀𐫇𐫖 (βrʾwm /Frūm, Frōm/)\nSogdian script: 𐽃𐽀𐼴𐼺 (frwm /Frūm/)\n→ Old Turkic: 𐰯𐰆𐰺𐰢 (pur¹m /purum/) (\"Byzantium, Greek\")\n→ Chinese: 拂菻 (Fúlǐn) (via Iranian)\n→ Middle Persian: (/Hrōm/, “Rome; Byzantine”)\nBook Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (hlwm)\nManichaean script: 𐫍𐫡𐫇𐫖 (hrwm)\nPazend script: 𐬀𐬭𐬋𐬨 (arōm)\nInscriptional Pahlavi script: 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬𐭩 (ḥlwmy), Middle Persian: 𐭧𐭫𐭥𐭬 (ḥlwm)\nPersian: روم (rum), اروم (orum) (rare, obsolete)\n→ Ottoman Turkish: روم (rum)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ar",
"2": "روما",
"bor": "1",
"tr": "rūmā"
},
"expansion": "→ Arabic: روما (rūmā)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Arabic: روما (rūmā)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*Rūmā",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Celtic: *Rūmā",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Celtic: *Rūmā (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*Rūmō",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Germanic: *Rūmō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Germanic: *Rūmō (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"alt1": "*Rymъ",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "*Rymъ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Southern Common Slavic: *Rymъ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"alt1": "*Rĩmъ",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "*Rĩmъ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Eastern South Slavic: *Rĩmъ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Church Slavonic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Church Slavonic:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "Ⱃⰹⰿⱏ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Glagolitic script: Ⱃⰹⰿⱏ (Rimŭ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Glagolitic script: Ⱃⰹⰿⱏ (Rimŭ)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cu",
"2": "Римъ",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Old Cyrillic script: Римъ (Rimŭ)\nBulgarian: Рим (Rim)\nMacedonian: Рим (Rim)\n→ Old East Slavic: Римъ (Rimŭ)\nOld Ruthenian: Римъ (Rim)\nBelarusian: Рым (Rym)\nCarpathian Rusyn: Рим (Rym)\nUkrainian: Рим (Rym)\nRussian: Рим (Rim)\n→ Romanian: Râm (obsolete)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Cyrillic script: Римъ (Rimŭ)\nBulgarian: Рим (Rim)\nMacedonian: Рим (Rim)\n→ Old East Slavic: Римъ (Rimŭ)\nOld Ruthenian: Римъ (Rim)\nBelarusian: Рым (Rym)\nCarpathian Rusyn: Рим (Rym)\nUkrainian: Рим (Rym)\nRussian: Рим (Rim)\n→ Romanian: Râm (obsolete)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"alt1": "*Rĩmъ",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "*Rĩmъ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Western South Slavic: *Rĩmъ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Serbo-Croatian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Serbo-Croatian:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "Ри̑м",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Cyrillic script: Ри̑м",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cyrillic script: Ри̑м"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sh",
"2": "Rȋm",
"sclb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Latin script: Rȋm",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin script: Rȋm"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sl",
"2": "Rím",
"alt": "",
"bor": "",
"der": "",
"g": "",
"pos": "",
"t": ""
},
"expansion": "Slovene: Rím",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "tonal orthography"
},
"expansion": "(tonal orthography)",
"name": "i"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Rím"
},
"expansion": "Slovene: Rím (tonal orthography)",
"name": "desc/sl-tonal"
}
],
"text": "Slovene: Rím (tonal orthography)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zlw-ocs",
"2": "Řím",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Czech: Řím\nCzech: Řím\n→ Kashubian: Rzim\n→ Old Polish: Rzym\nPolish: Rzym\n→ Silesian: Rzim\n→ Slovak: Rím",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Czech: Řím\nCzech: Řím\n→ Kashubian: Rzim\n→ Old Polish: Rzym\nPolish: Rzym\n→ Silesian: Rzim\n→ Slovak: Rím"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "he-mis",
"2": "רומא",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Mishnaic Hebrew: רומא",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Mishnaic Hebrew: רומא"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "he-IL",
"2": "רומא",
"tr": "róma"
},
"expansion": "Israeli Hebrew: רומא (róma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Israeli Hebrew: רומא (róma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"bor": "1",
"sc": "Phlv",
"t": "Roman, Greek",
"ts": "Hrōmāyīg"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle Persian: [Term?] (/Hrōmāyīg/, “Roman, Greek”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Middle Persian: [Term?] (/Hrōmāyīg/, “Roman, Greek”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "Róm",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old Irish: Róm",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old Irish: Róm (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ro",
"2": "Roma",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Romanian: Roma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Romanian: Roma"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Rome#Etymology",
"2": "Rome § Etymology"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "wp"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "folk etymology"
},
"expansion": "folk etymology",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ῥεῦμα",
"3": "",
"4": "river"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek ῥεῦμα (rheûma, “river”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "rrymë",
"3": "",
"4": "stream"
},
"expansion": "Albanian rrymë (“stream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*strumy",
"3": "",
"4": "stream"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *strumy (“stream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "stràuma",
"3": "",
"4": "stream"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian stràuma (“stream”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "rūmen"
},
"expansion": "Latin rūmen",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ine"
},
"expansion": "Indo-European",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "ett",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Etruscan",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain.\n* Roman mythology derived the name from Rōmulus, name of the legendary founder and first king. This is almost certainly a folk etymology, and the name of the mythical figure is more likely derived from the city name.\n* The word may derive from *Roumon- or *Roumen-, an archaic name for the Tiber river that would be derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *srew- (“to flow”) (for which compare Ancient Greek ῥεῦμα (rheûma, “river”) and Στρῡμών (Strūmṓn, “Strymon, Struma”), Albanian rrymë (“stream”), Proto-Slavic *strumy (“stream”), Lithuanian stràuma (“stream”), and perhaps also Latin rūmen). If so, the intermediate source may have been an Indo-European substrate.\n* The word may be of Etruscan origin, as 𐌓𐌖𐌌𐌀 (ruma) was one of the Etruscan gentes, from 𐌓𐌖𐌌 (rum, “teat”). Given the lack of a secure Indo-European etymology for Rōma, this possibility is most appealing.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "Rōma",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rōmae",
"tags": [
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "la-ndecl",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Rōma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rōmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rōmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rōmam",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rōmā",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Rōma",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Rōmae",
"source": "declension",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Rōma<1.loc>"
},
"expansion": "Rōma f sg (genitive Rōmae); first declension",
"name": "la-proper noun"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Rōma<1.loc>"
},
"name": "la-ndecl"
}
],
"lang": "Latin",
"lang_code": "la",
"pos": "name",
"related": [
{
"word": "Rōmilius"
},
{
"word": "Rōmulus"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Latin terms with usage examples",
"la:Ancient settlements",
"la:Cities in Italy",
"la:Historical capitals",
"la:National capitals",
"la:Places in Italy",
"la:Places in the Roman Empire",
"la:Rome"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "That Rome might overcome all countries.",
"text": "Ut Roma iugum omnibus terris imponeret.",
"type": "example"
},
{
"english": "He came from Rome.",
"text": "Venit Roma.",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Rome (the ancient capital of the Roman Empire; capital city of modern-day Italy)"
],
"links": [
[
"Rome",
"Rome#English"
],
[
"capital",
"capital"
],
[
"Roman Empire",
"Roman Empire#English"
],
[
"capital city",
"capital city"
],
[
"Italy",
"Italy#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"The Roman Empire per se (as a synecdoche)."
],
"links": [
[
"per se",
"per se"
],
[
"synecdoche",
"synecdoche"
]
],
"tags": [
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Late Latin"
],
"glosses": [
"Rome and/or Constantinople (the latter as \"Nova Roma\")."
],
"links": [
[
"Constantinople",
"Constantinople"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Late Latin) Rome and/or Constantinople (the latter as \"Nova Roma\")."
],
"tags": [
"Late-Latin",
"declension-1"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Ecclesiastical Latin",
"Latin poetic terms"
],
"glosses": [
"The Roman Catholic Church in general."
],
"links": [
[
"poetic",
"poetic"
],
[
"Roman Catholic Church",
"Roman Catholic Church"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(Ecclesiastical Latin, poetic) The Roman Catholic Church in general."
],
"tags": [
"Ecclesiastical",
"Latin",
"declension-1",
"poetic"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈroː.ma/",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈroːmä]",
"tags": [
"Classical-Latin"
]
},
{
"ipa": "/ˈro.ma/",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
},
{
"ipa": "[ˈrɔːmä]",
"note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "numismatic abbreviation",
"word": "R"
}
],
"word": "Roma"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Roma meaning in Latin (14.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.