"-urnus" meaning in Latin

See -urnus in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Suffix

IPA: [ʊr.nʊs] [Classical-Latin], [ur.nus] (note: modern Italianate Ecclesiastical)
Etymology: Ultimately from the adjective-forming suffix -(i)nus; see also -rnus. Szemerényi 1959 proposes that the starting point was pre-Latin *hesterinos (hesternus) and *wesperinos (reconstructed based on the obsolete word vesperna). As a result of rebracketing, the *-erinos at the end of these words would have been attached to *diw- and *nokt-, the pre-Latin roots of the words diēs (“day”) and nox (“night”), initially forming *diw-erinos and *nokt-erinos. Szemerényi argues that *diw-erinos was syncopated to *diwrinos and then regularly developed to *diurnos (Latin diurnus), and then the ending *-urnos was extended by analogy to nocturnus and other words. Others have argued that the adjectives may have been formed on or influenced by the adverbs diū/diūs (“by day”) and noctū (“at night”). Etymology templates: {{ety|la|:from|-nus<id:adjective>|id=adjective}} [Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Proto-Italic", "term" : "*-nos", "lang" : "itc-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-nus", "lang" : "la" } ], "keyword_label" : "From", "keyword" : "from" } ], "status" : "ok", "lang_name" : "Latin", "term" : "-urnus", "lang" : "la" }" data-id="adjective" data-lang="la" data-title="-urnus" id="Latin:_adjective">, {{rebracketing|la|nocap=1}} rebracketing Head templates: {{la-suffix-adj|-urnus}} -urnus (feminine -urna, neuter -urnum); first/second-declension suffix Inflection templates: {{la-adecl|-urnus}} Forms: -urna [feminine], -urnum [neuter], no-table-tags [table-tags], -urnus [masculine, nominative, singular], -urna [feminine, nominative, singular], -urnum [neuter, nominative, singular], -urnī [masculine, nominative, plural], -urnae [feminine, nominative, plural], -urna [neuter, nominative, plural], -urnī [genitive, masculine, singular], -urnae [feminine, genitive, singular], -urnī [genitive, neuter, singular], -urnōrum [genitive, masculine, plural], -urnārum [feminine, genitive, plural], -urnōrum [genitive, neuter, plural], -urnō [dative, masculine, singular], -urnae [dative, feminine, singular], -urnō [dative, neuter, singular], -urnīs [dative, feminine, masculine, neuter, plural], -urnum [accusative, masculine, singular], -urnam [accusative, feminine, singular], -urnum [accusative, neuter, singular], -urnōs [accusative, masculine, plural], -urnās [accusative, feminine, plural], -urna [accusative, neuter, plural], -urnō [ablative, masculine, singular], -urnā [ablative, feminine, singular], -urnō [ablative, neuter, singular], -urnīs [ablative, feminine, masculine, neuter, plural], -urne [masculine, singular, vocative], -urna [feminine, singular, vocative], -urnum [neuter, singular, vocative], -urnī [masculine, plural, vocative], -urnae [feminine, plural, vocative], -urna [neuter, plural, vocative], -rnus [alternative]
  1. Enlargement of -nus (suffix forming adjectives). Tags: declension-1, declension-2, morpheme, suffix
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": ":from",
        "3": "-nus<id:adjective>",
        "id": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-nos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-nus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-urnus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"adjective\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"-urnus\" id=\"Latin:_adjective\">",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "rebracketing",
      "name": "rebracketing"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Ultimately from the adjective-forming suffix -(i)nus; see also -rnus. Szemerényi 1959 proposes that the starting point was pre-Latin *hesterinos (hesternus) and *wesperinos (reconstructed based on the obsolete word vesperna). As a result of rebracketing, the *-erinos at the end of these words would have been attached to *diw- and *nokt-, the pre-Latin roots of the words diēs (“day”) and nox (“night”), initially forming *diw-erinos and *nokt-erinos. Szemerényi argues that *diw-erinos was syncopated to *diwrinos and then regularly developed to *diurnos (Latin diurnus), and then the ending *-urnos was extended by analogy to nocturnus and other words. Others have argued that the adjectives may have been formed on or influenced by the adverbs diū/diūs (“by day”) and noctū (“at night”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-urna",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnum",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnī",
      "links": [
        [
          "-urnī",
          "-urni#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnī",
      "links": [
        [
          "-urnī",
          "-urni#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnī",
      "links": [
        [
          "-urnī",
          "-urni#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnōrum",
      "links": [
        [
          "-urnōrum",
          "-urnorum#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnārum",
      "links": [
        [
          "-urnārum",
          "-urnarum#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnōrum",
      "links": [
        [
          "-urnōrum",
          "-urnorum#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnō",
      "links": [
        [
          "-urnō",
          "-urno#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnō",
      "links": [
        [
          "-urnō",
          "-urno#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnīs",
      "links": [
        [
          "-urnīs",
          "-urnis#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnōs",
      "links": [
        [
          "-urnōs",
          "-urnos#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnās",
      "links": [
        [
          "-urnās",
          "-urnas#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnō",
      "links": [
        [
          "-urnō",
          "-urno#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnā",
      "links": [
        [
          "-urnā",
          "-urna#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnō",
      "links": [
        [
          "-urnō",
          "-urno#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnīs",
      "links": [
        [
          "-urnīs",
          "-urnis#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnī",
      "links": [
        [
          "-urnī",
          "-urni#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-rnus",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-urnus"
      },
      "expansion": "-urnus (feminine -urna, neuter -urnum); first/second-declension suffix",
      "name": "la-suffix-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-urnus"
      },
      "name": "la-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Latin rebracketings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages using catfix",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with etymon",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "albus + -urnus → alburnus",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "diū (comparative stem: diūt-) + -urnus → diūturnus",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "nox (oblique stem: noct-) + -urnus → nocturnus",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "tacitus + -urnus → taciturnus",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Enlargement of -nus (suffix forming adjectives)."
      ],
      "id": "en--urnus-la-suffix-tHuB9idD",
      "links": [
        [
          "-nus",
          "-nus#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2",
        "morpheme",
        "suffix"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ʊr.nʊs]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ur.nus]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-urnus"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": ":from",
        "3": "-nus<id:adjective>",
        "id": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-nos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-nus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-urnus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }\" data-id=\"adjective\" data-lang=\"la\" data-title=\"-urnus\" id=\"Latin:_adjective\">",
      "name": "ety"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "nocap": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "rebracketing",
      "name": "rebracketing"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Ultimately from the adjective-forming suffix -(i)nus; see also -rnus. Szemerényi 1959 proposes that the starting point was pre-Latin *hesterinos (hesternus) and *wesperinos (reconstructed based on the obsolete word vesperna). As a result of rebracketing, the *-erinos at the end of these words would have been attached to *diw- and *nokt-, the pre-Latin roots of the words diēs (“day”) and nox (“night”), initially forming *diw-erinos and *nokt-erinos. Szemerényi argues that *diw-erinos was syncopated to *diwrinos and then regularly developed to *diurnos (Latin diurnus), and then the ending *-urnos was extended by analogy to nocturnus and other words. Others have argued that the adjectives may have been formed on or influenced by the adverbs diū/diūs (“by day”) and noctū (“at night”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "-urna",
      "tags": [
        "feminine"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnum",
      "tags": [
        "neuter"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "la-adecl",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnus",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnī",
      "links": [
        [
          "-urnī",
          "-urni#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnī",
      "links": [
        [
          "-urnī",
          "-urni#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnī",
      "links": [
        [
          "-urnī",
          "-urni#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnōrum",
      "links": [
        [
          "-urnōrum",
          "-urnorum#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnārum",
      "links": [
        [
          "-urnārum",
          "-urnarum#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnōrum",
      "links": [
        [
          "-urnōrum",
          "-urnorum#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnō",
      "links": [
        [
          "-urnō",
          "-urno#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnō",
      "links": [
        [
          "-urnō",
          "-urno#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnīs",
      "links": [
        [
          "-urnīs",
          "-urnis#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnam",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnōs",
      "links": [
        [
          "-urnōs",
          "-urnos#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnās",
      "links": [
        [
          "-urnās",
          "-urnas#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnō",
      "links": [
        [
          "-urnō",
          "-urno#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "masculine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnā",
      "links": [
        [
          "-urnā",
          "-urna#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnō",
      "links": [
        [
          "-urnō",
          "-urno#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "neuter",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnīs",
      "links": [
        [
          "-urnīs",
          "-urnis#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "ablative",
        "feminine",
        "masculine",
        "neuter",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urne",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnum",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnī",
      "links": [
        [
          "-urnī",
          "-urni#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urnae",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-urna",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-rnus",
      "tags": [
        "alternative"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-urnus"
      },
      "expansion": "-urnus (feminine -urna, neuter -urnum); first/second-declension suffix",
      "name": "la-suffix-adj"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "-urnus"
      },
      "name": "la-adecl"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Latin",
  "lang_code": "la",
  "pos": "suffix",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Latin 2-syllable words",
        "Latin adjective-forming suffixes",
        "Latin entries with etymon",
        "Latin entries with incorrect language header",
        "Latin first and second declension suffixes",
        "Latin lemmas",
        "Latin rebracketings",
        "Latin suffixes",
        "Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic",
        "Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic",
        "Latin terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Pages using catfix",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Pages with etymon"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "text": "albus + -urnus → alburnus",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "diū (comparative stem: diūt-) + -urnus → diūturnus",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "nox (oblique stem: noct-) + -urnus → nocturnus",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "text": "tacitus + -urnus → taciturnus",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "Enlargement of -nus (suffix forming adjectives)."
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "-nus",
          "-nus#Latin"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "declension-1",
        "declension-2",
        "morpheme",
        "suffix"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ʊr.nʊs]",
      "tags": [
        "Classical-Latin"
      ]
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ur.nus]",
      "note": "modern Italianate Ecclesiastical"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-urnus"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -urnus meaning in Latin (6.8kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Latin dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-09-16 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-09-02 using wiktextract (d6fca27 and 65e1673). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.