"사양하다" meaning in Korean

See 사양하다 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: [sʰa̠ja̠ŋɦa̠da̠] [SK-Standard, Seoul]
Etymology: 사양(辭讓) (sayang) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs). Etymology templates: {{affix|ko|사양(辭讓)|-하다|pos2=light verb deriving active verbs|t2=to do}} 사양(辭讓) (sayang) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs) Head templates: {{ko-verb|hanja=辭讓하다}} 사양하다 • (sayanghada) (infinitive 사양해 or 사양하여, sequential 사양하니, hanja 辭讓하다) Forms: sayanghada [romanization], 사양해 [infinitive], 사양하여 [infinitive], 사양하니 [sequential], 辭讓하다 [hanja], irregular [table-tags], 사양한다 [formal, indicative, non-past], 사양해 [indicative, informal, non-past], 사양해요 [indicative, informal, non-past, polite], 사양합니다 [formal, indicative, non-past, polite], 사양했다 [formal, indicative, past], 사양했어 [indicative, informal, past], 사양했어요 [indicative, informal, past, polite], 사양했습니다 [formal, indicative, past, polite], 사양하느냐 [formal, interrogative, non-past], 사양해 [informal, interrogative, non-past], 사양해요 [informal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 사양합니까 [formal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 사양했느냐 [formal, interrogative, past], 사양했어 [informal, interrogative, past], 사양했어요 [informal, interrogative, past, polite], 사양했습니까 [formal, interrogative, past, polite], 사양하자 [formal, hortative], 사양해 [hortative, informal], 사양해요 [hortative, informal, polite], 사양하십시다 [formal, hortative, polite], 사양해라 [formal, imperative], 사양하여라 [formal, imperative], 사양해 [imperative, informal], 사양해요 [imperative, informal, polite], 사양합시오 [formal, imperative, polite], 사양하겠다 [assertive, formal], 사양하겠어 [assertive, informal], 사양하겠어요 [assertive, informal, polite], 사양하겠습니다 [assertive, formal, polite], 사양해 [causative, formal], 사양해서 [causative, informal], 사양하여서 [causative, informal], 사양하니 [causative, informal, polite], 사양하니까 [causative, formal, polite], 사양하지만 [contrastive, formal], 사양하는데 [contrastive, informal], 사양하더니 [contrastive, informal, polite], 사양하고 [conjunctive, formal], 사양하면 [conditional, formal], 사양해야 [conditional, informal], 사양하여야 [conditional, informal], 사양하려고 [formal, motive-form], 사양함 [formal, noun-from-verb], 사양하기 [informal, noun-from-verb], 사양했음 [formal, noun-from-verb, past], 사양하였음 [formal, noun-from-verb, past], 사양했기 [informal, noun-from-verb, past], 사양하였기 [informal, noun-from-verb, past], 사양한 [determiner, formal, past], 사양하는 [determiner, formal, present], 사양할 [determiner, formal, future], irregular [table-tags], 사양하신다 [formal, indicative, non-past], 사양하셔 [indicative, informal, non-past], 사양하세요 [indicative, informal, non-past, polite], 사양하셔요 [indicative, informal, non-past, polite], 사양하십니다 [formal, indicative, non-past, polite], 사양하셨다 [formal, indicative, past], 사양하셨어 [indicative, informal, past], 사양하셨어요 [indicative, informal, past, polite], 사양하셨습니다 [formal, indicative, past, polite], 사양하시느냐 [formal, interrogative, non-past], 사양하셔 [informal, interrogative, non-past], 사양하세요 [informal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 사양하셔요 [informal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 사양하십니까 [formal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 사양하셨느냐 [formal, interrogative, past], 사양하셨어 [informal, interrogative, past], 사양하셨어요 [informal, interrogative, past, polite], 사양하셨습니까 [formal, interrogative, past, polite], 사양하시라 [formal, imperative], 사양하셔 [imperative, informal], 사양하세요 [imperative, informal, polite], 사양하십시오 [formal, imperative, polite], 사양하시겠다 [assertive, formal], 사양하시겠어 [assertive, informal], 사양하시겠어요 [assertive, informal, polite], 사양하시겠습니다 [assertive, formal, polite], 사양하셔 [causative, formal], 사양하셔서 [causative, informal], 사양하시니 [causative, informal, polite], 사양하시니까 [causative, formal, polite], 사양하시지만 [contrastive, formal], 사양하시는데 [contrastive, informal], 사양하시더니 [contrastive, informal, polite], 사양하시고 [conjunctive, formal], 사양하시면 [conditional, formal], 사양하셔야 [conditional, informal], 사양하시려고 [formal, motive-form], 사양하심 [formal, noun-from-verb], 사양하시기 [informal, noun-from-verb], 사양하셨음 [formal, noun-from-verb, past], 사양하셨기 [informal, noun-from-verb, past], 사양하신 [determiner, formal, past], 사양하시는 [determiner, formal, present], 사양하실 [determiner, formal, future]
  1. (transitive) to refuse courteously, to decline Tags: transitive Synonyms: 거절(拒絶)하다

Download JSON data for 사양하다 meaning in Korean (14.0kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "사양(辭讓)",
        "3": "-하다",
        "pos2": "light verb deriving active verbs",
        "t2": "to do"
      },
      "expansion": "사양(辭讓) (sayang) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs)",
      "name": "affix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "사양(辭讓) (sayang) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sayanghada",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양해",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하여",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하니",
      "tags": [
        "sequential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "辭讓하다",
      "tags": [
        "hanja"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/verb",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vowel-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양한다",
      "roman": "sayanghanda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양해",
      "roman": "sayanghae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양해요",
      "roman": "sayanghaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양합니다",
      "roman": "sayanghamnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양했다",
      "roman": "sayanghaetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양했어",
      "roman": "sayanghaesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양했어요",
      "roman": "sayanghaesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양했습니다",
      "roman": "sayanghaetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하느냐",
      "roman": "sayanghaneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양해",
      "roman": "sayanghae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양해요",
      "roman": "sayanghaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양합니까",
      "roman": "sayanghamnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양했느냐",
      "roman": "sayanghaenneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양했어",
      "roman": "sayanghaesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양했어요",
      "roman": "sayanghaesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양했습니까",
      "roman": "sayanghaetseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하자",
      "roman": "sayanghaja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "hortative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양해",
      "roman": "sayanghae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hortative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양해요",
      "roman": "sayanghaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hortative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하십시다",
      "roman": "sayanghasipsida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "hortative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양해라",
      "roman": "sayanghaera",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하여라",
      "roman": "sayanghayeora",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양해",
      "roman": "sayanghae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양해요",
      "roman": "sayanghaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양합시오",
      "roman": "sayanghapsio",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하겠다",
      "roman": "sayanghagetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하겠어",
      "roman": "sayanghagesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하겠어요",
      "roman": "sayanghagesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하겠습니다",
      "roman": "sayanghagetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양해",
      "roman": "sayanghae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양해서",
      "roman": "sayanghaeseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하여서",
      "roman": "sayanghayeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하니",
      "roman": "sayanghani",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하니까",
      "roman": "sayanghanikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하지만",
      "roman": "sayanghajiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하는데",
      "roman": "sayanghaneunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하더니",
      "roman": "sayanghadeoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하고",
      "roman": "sayanghago",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하면",
      "roman": "sayanghamyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양해야",
      "roman": "sayanghaeya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하여야",
      "roman": "sayanghayeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하려고",
      "roman": "sayangharyeogo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "motive-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양함",
      "roman": "sayangham",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하기",
      "roman": "sayanghagi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양했음",
      "roman": "sayanghaesseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하였음",
      "roman": "sayanghayeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양했기",
      "roman": "sayanghaetgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하였기",
      "roman": "sayanghayeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양한",
      "roman": "sayanghan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하는",
      "roman": "sayanghaneun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양할",
      "roman": "sayanghal",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/verb",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vowel-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하신다",
      "roman": "sayanghasinda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하셔",
      "roman": "sayanghasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하세요",
      "roman": "sayanghaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하셔요",
      "roman": "sayanghasyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하십니다",
      "roman": "sayanghasimnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하셨다",
      "roman": "sayanghasyeotda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하셨어",
      "roman": "sayanghasyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하셨어요",
      "roman": "sayanghasyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하셨습니다",
      "roman": "sayanghasyeotseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하시느냐",
      "roman": "sayanghasineunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하셔",
      "roman": "sayanghasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하세요",
      "roman": "sayanghaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하셔요",
      "roman": "sayanghasyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하십니까",
      "roman": "sayanghasimnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하셨느냐",
      "roman": "sayanghasyeonneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하셨어",
      "roman": "sayanghasyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하셨어요",
      "roman": "sayanghasyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하셨습니까",
      "roman": "sayanghasyeotseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하시라",
      "roman": "sayanghasira",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하셔",
      "roman": "sayanghasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하세요",
      "roman": "sayanghaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하십시오",
      "roman": "sayanghasipsio",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하시겠다",
      "roman": "sayanghasigetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하시겠어",
      "roman": "sayanghasigesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하시겠어요",
      "roman": "sayanghasigesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하시겠습니다",
      "roman": "sayanghasigetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하셔",
      "roman": "sayanghasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하셔서",
      "roman": "sayanghasyeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하시니",
      "roman": "sayanghasini",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하시니까",
      "roman": "sayanghasinikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하시지만",
      "roman": "sayanghasijiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하시는데",
      "roman": "sayanghasineunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하시더니",
      "roman": "sayanghasideoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하시고",
      "roman": "sayanghasigo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하시면",
      "roman": "sayanghasimyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하셔야",
      "roman": "sayanghasyeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하시려고",
      "roman": "sayanghasiryeogo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "motive-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하심",
      "roman": "sayanghasim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하시기",
      "roman": "sayanghasigi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하셨음",
      "roman": "sayanghasyeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하셨기",
      "roman": "sayanghasyeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하신",
      "roman": "sayanghasin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하시는",
      "roman": "sayanghasineun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하실",
      "roman": "sayanghasil",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "future"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "hanja": "辭讓하다"
      },
      "expansion": "사양하다 • (sayanghada) (infinitive 사양해 or 사양하여, sequential 사양하니, hanja 辭讓하다)",
      "name": "ko-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms suffixed with -하다",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to politely turn down an offer",
          "roman": "jean-eul jeongjung-hi sayang-hada",
          "text": "제안을 정중히 사양하다",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to refuse courteously, to decline"
      ],
      "id": "en-사양하다-ko-verb-nFTvndkJ",
      "links": [
        [
          "refuse",
          "refuse"
        ],
        [
          "courteously",
          "courteously"
        ],
        [
          "decline",
          "decline"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to refuse courteously, to decline"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "거절(拒絶)하다"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[sʰa̠ja̠ŋɦa̠da̠]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "[사양하다]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "사양하다"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "사양(辭讓)",
        "3": "-하다",
        "pos2": "light verb deriving active verbs",
        "t2": "to do"
      },
      "expansion": "사양(辭讓) (sayang) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs)",
      "name": "affix"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "사양(辭讓) (sayang) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "sayanghada",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양해",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하여",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하니",
      "tags": [
        "sequential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "辭讓하다",
      "tags": [
        "hanja"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/verb",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vowel-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양한다",
      "roman": "sayanghanda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양해",
      "roman": "sayanghae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양해요",
      "roman": "sayanghaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양합니다",
      "roman": "sayanghamnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양했다",
      "roman": "sayanghaetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양했어",
      "roman": "sayanghaesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양했어요",
      "roman": "sayanghaesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양했습니다",
      "roman": "sayanghaetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하느냐",
      "roman": "sayanghaneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양해",
      "roman": "sayanghae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양해요",
      "roman": "sayanghaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양합니까",
      "roman": "sayanghamnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양했느냐",
      "roman": "sayanghaenneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양했어",
      "roman": "sayanghaesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양했어요",
      "roman": "sayanghaesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양했습니까",
      "roman": "sayanghaetseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하자",
      "roman": "sayanghaja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "hortative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양해",
      "roman": "sayanghae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hortative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양해요",
      "roman": "sayanghaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hortative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하십시다",
      "roman": "sayanghasipsida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "hortative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양해라",
      "roman": "sayanghaera",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하여라",
      "roman": "sayanghayeora",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양해",
      "roman": "sayanghae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양해요",
      "roman": "sayanghaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양합시오",
      "roman": "sayanghapsio",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하겠다",
      "roman": "sayanghagetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하겠어",
      "roman": "sayanghagesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하겠어요",
      "roman": "sayanghagesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하겠습니다",
      "roman": "sayanghagetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양해",
      "roman": "sayanghae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양해서",
      "roman": "sayanghaeseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하여서",
      "roman": "sayanghayeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하니",
      "roman": "sayanghani",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하니까",
      "roman": "sayanghanikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하지만",
      "roman": "sayanghajiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하는데",
      "roman": "sayanghaneunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하더니",
      "roman": "sayanghadeoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하고",
      "roman": "sayanghago",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하면",
      "roman": "sayanghamyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양해야",
      "roman": "sayanghaeya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하여야",
      "roman": "sayanghayeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하려고",
      "roman": "sayangharyeogo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "motive-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양함",
      "roman": "sayangham",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하기",
      "roman": "sayanghagi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양했음",
      "roman": "sayanghaesseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하였음",
      "roman": "sayanghayeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양했기",
      "roman": "sayanghaetgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하였기",
      "roman": "sayanghayeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양한",
      "roman": "sayanghan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하는",
      "roman": "sayanghaneun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양할",
      "roman": "sayanghal",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/verb",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vowel-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하신다",
      "roman": "sayanghasinda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하셔",
      "roman": "sayanghasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하세요",
      "roman": "sayanghaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하셔요",
      "roman": "sayanghasyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하십니다",
      "roman": "sayanghasimnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하셨다",
      "roman": "sayanghasyeotda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하셨어",
      "roman": "sayanghasyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하셨어요",
      "roman": "sayanghasyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하셨습니다",
      "roman": "sayanghasyeotseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하시느냐",
      "roman": "sayanghasineunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하셔",
      "roman": "sayanghasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하세요",
      "roman": "sayanghaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하셔요",
      "roman": "sayanghasyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하십니까",
      "roman": "sayanghasimnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하셨느냐",
      "roman": "sayanghasyeonneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하셨어",
      "roman": "sayanghasyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하셨어요",
      "roman": "sayanghasyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하셨습니까",
      "roman": "sayanghasyeotseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하시라",
      "roman": "sayanghasira",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하셔",
      "roman": "sayanghasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하세요",
      "roman": "sayanghaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하십시오",
      "roman": "sayanghasipsio",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하시겠다",
      "roman": "sayanghasigetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하시겠어",
      "roman": "sayanghasigesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하시겠어요",
      "roman": "sayanghasigesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하시겠습니다",
      "roman": "sayanghasigetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하셔",
      "roman": "sayanghasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하셔서",
      "roman": "sayanghasyeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하시니",
      "roman": "sayanghasini",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하시니까",
      "roman": "sayanghasinikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하시지만",
      "roman": "sayanghasijiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하시는데",
      "roman": "sayanghasineunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하시더니",
      "roman": "sayanghasideoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하시고",
      "roman": "sayanghasigo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하시면",
      "roman": "sayanghasimyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하셔야",
      "roman": "sayanghasyeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하시려고",
      "roman": "sayanghasiryeogo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "motive-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하심",
      "roman": "sayanghasim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하시기",
      "roman": "sayanghasigi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하셨음",
      "roman": "sayanghasyeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하셨기",
      "roman": "sayanghasyeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하신",
      "roman": "sayanghasin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하시는",
      "roman": "sayanghasineun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "사양하실",
      "roman": "sayanghasil",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "future"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "hanja": "辭讓하다"
      },
      "expansion": "사양하다 • (sayanghada) (infinitive 사양해 or 사양하여, sequential 사양하니, hanja 辭讓하다)",
      "name": "ko-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
        "Korean ha-irregular verbs",
        "Korean lemmas",
        "Korean terms suffixed with -하다",
        "Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
        "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
        "Korean terms with usage examples",
        "Korean transitive verbs",
        "Korean verbs"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "to politely turn down an offer",
          "roman": "jean-eul jeongjung-hi sayang-hada",
          "text": "제안을 정중히 사양하다",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to refuse courteously, to decline"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "refuse",
          "refuse"
        ],
        [
          "courteously",
          "courteously"
        ],
        [
          "decline",
          "decline"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to refuse courteously, to decline"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "거절(拒絶)하다"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[sʰa̠ja̠ŋɦa̠da̠]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "[사양하다]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "사양하다"
}
{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "사양하다"
  ],
  "section": "Korean",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "사양하다",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "사양하다"
  ],
  "section": "Korean",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "사양하다",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "사양하다"
  ],
  "section": "Korean",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "사양하다",
  "trace": ""
}

{
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  "path": [
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  ],
  "section": "Korean",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "사양하다",
  "trace": ""
}

{
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  "path": [
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  "section": "Korean",
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  "title": "사양하다",
  "trace": ""
}

{
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  "section": "Korean",
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  "trace": ""
}

{
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  "section": "Korean",
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  "title": "사양하다",
  "trace": ""
}

{
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  "section": "Korean",
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  "title": "사양하다",
  "trace": ""
}

{
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  "trace": ""
}

{
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  "section": "Korean",
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  "trace": ""
}

{
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  "section": "Korean",
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  "trace": ""
}

{
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  "section": "Korean",
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  "title": "사양하다",
  "trace": ""
}

{
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  "path": [
    "사양하다"
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  "section": "Korean",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "사양하다",
  "trace": ""
}

{
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  "path": [
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  "section": "Korean",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "사양하다",
  "trace": ""
}

{
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  "section": "Korean",
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  "title": "사양하다",
  "trace": ""
}

{
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}

{
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  "title": "사양하다",
  "trace": ""
}

{
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  "section": "Korean",
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  "title": "사양하다",
  "trace": ""
}

{
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  "trace": ""
}

{
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}

{
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}

{
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}

{
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  "trace": ""
}

{
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}

{
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  "trace": ""
}

{
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}

{
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}

{
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  "trace": ""
}

{
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}

{
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}

{
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}

{
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}

{
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}

{
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}

{
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}

{
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}

{
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}

{
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}

{
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}

{
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{
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Korean dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.