See 국화 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "菊花"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "菊花"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Korean word from 菊花",
"name": "ko-etym-sino"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Korean word from 菊花",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gukhwa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "菊花",
"tags": [
"hanja"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hanja": "菊花"
},
"expansion": "국화 • (gukhwa) (hanja 菊花)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sino-Korean words",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ko",
"name": "Anthemideae tribe plants",
"orig": "ko:Anthemideae tribe plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"chrysanthemum"
],
"id": "en-국화-ko-noun-esGzNraB",
"links": [
[
"chrysanthemum",
"chrysanthemum"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "dongguk",
"word": "동국(冬菊)"
}
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kukʰwa̠]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"hangeul": "구콰"
},
{
"other": "[구콰]"
}
],
"word": "국화"
}
{
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "國花"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "國花"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Korean word from 國花",
"name": "ko-etym-sino"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Korean word from 國花",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gukhwa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "國花",
"tags": [
"hanja"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hanja": "國花"
},
"expansion": "국화 • (gukhwa) (hanja 國花)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sino-Korean words",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "54 46",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ko",
"name": "Anthemideae tribe plants",
"orig": "ko:Anthemideae tribe plants",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "38 62",
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "ko",
"name": "Flowers",
"orig": "ko:Flowers",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"national flower"
],
"id": "en-국화-ko-noun-tXmJ7M9m",
"links": [
[
"national",
"national"
],
[
"flower",
"flower"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kukʰwa̠]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"hangeul": "구콰"
},
{
"other": "[구콰]"
}
],
"word": "국화"
}
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Sino-Korean words",
"ko:Anthemideae tribe plants",
"ko:Flowers"
],
"etymology_number": 1,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "菊花"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "菊花"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Korean word from 菊花",
"name": "ko-etym-sino"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Korean word from 菊花",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gukhwa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "菊花",
"tags": [
"hanja"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hanja": "菊花"
},
"expansion": "국화 • (gukhwa) (hanja 菊花)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"chrysanthemum"
],
"links": [
[
"chrysanthemum",
"chrysanthemum"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kukʰwa̠]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"hangeul": "구콰"
},
{
"other": "[구콰]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "dongguk",
"word": "동국(冬菊)"
}
],
"word": "국화"
}
{
"categories": [
"Korean entries with incorrect language header",
"Korean lemmas",
"Korean nouns",
"Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Korean terms with redundant script codes",
"Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Sino-Korean words",
"ko:Anthemideae tribe plants",
"ko:Flowers"
],
"etymology_number": 2,
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ko",
"2": "國花"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymid"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "國花"
},
"expansion": "Sino-Korean word from 國花",
"name": "ko-etym-sino"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Sino-Korean word from 國花",
"forms": [
{
"form": "gukhwa",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "國花",
"tags": [
"hanja"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"hanja": "國花"
},
"expansion": "국화 • (gukhwa) (hanja 國花)",
"name": "ko-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"national flower"
],
"links": [
[
"national",
"national"
],
[
"flower",
"flower"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "[kukʰwa̠]",
"tags": [
"SK-Standard",
"Seoul"
]
},
{
"hangeul": "구콰"
},
{
"other": "[구콰]"
}
],
"word": "국화"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 국화 meaning in Korean (2.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Korean dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (5ee713e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.