"갈음하다" meaning in Korean

See 갈음하다 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: [ka̠ɾɯmɦa̠da̠] [SK-Standard, Seoul]
Etymology: 갈음 (gareum) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs). Etymology templates: {{af|ko|갈음|-하다|pos2=light verb deriving active verbs|t2=to do}} 갈음 (gareum) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs) Head templates: {{ko-verb}} 갈음하다 • (gareumhada) (infinitive 갈음해 or 갈음하여, sequential 갈음하니) Forms: gareumhada [romanization], 갈음해 [infinitive], 갈음하여 [infinitive], 갈음하니 [sequential], irregular [table-tags], 갈음한다 [formal, indicative, non-past], 갈음해 [indicative, informal, non-past], 갈음해요 [indicative, informal, non-past, polite], 갈음합니다 [formal, indicative, non-past, polite], 갈음했다 [formal, indicative, past], 갈음했어 [indicative, informal, past], 갈음했어요 [indicative, informal, past, polite], 갈음했습니다 [formal, indicative, past, polite], 갈음하느냐 [formal, interrogative, non-past], 갈음해 [informal, interrogative, non-past], 갈음해요 [informal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 갈음합니까 [formal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 갈음했느냐 [formal, interrogative, past], 갈음했어 [informal, interrogative, past], 갈음했어요 [informal, interrogative, past, polite], 갈음했습니까 [formal, interrogative, past, polite], 갈음하자 [formal, hortative], 갈음해 [hortative, informal], 갈음해요 [hortative, informal, polite], 갈음하십시다 [formal, hortative, polite], 갈음해라 [formal, imperative], 갈음하여라 [formal, imperative], 갈음해 [imperative, informal], 갈음해요 [imperative, informal, polite], 갈음합시오 [formal, imperative, polite], 갈음하겠다 [assertive, formal], 갈음하겠어 [assertive, informal], 갈음하겠어요 [assertive, informal, polite], 갈음하겠습니다 [assertive, formal, polite], 갈음해 [causative, formal], 갈음해서 [causative, informal], 갈음하여서 [causative, informal], 갈음하니 [causative, informal, polite], 갈음하니까 [causative, formal, polite], 갈음하지만 [contrastive, formal], 갈음하는데 [contrastive, informal], 갈음하더니 [contrastive, informal, polite], 갈음하고 [conjunctive, formal], 갈음하면 [conditional, formal], 갈음해야 [conditional, informal], 갈음하여야 [conditional, informal], 갈음하려고 [formal, motive-form], 갈음함 [formal, noun-from-verb], 갈음하기 [informal, noun-from-verb], 갈음했음 [formal, noun-from-verb, past], 갈음하였음 [formal, noun-from-verb, past], 갈음했기 [informal, noun-from-verb, past], 갈음하였기 [informal, noun-from-verb, past], 갈음한 [determiner, formal, past], 갈음하는 [determiner, formal, present], 갈음할 [determiner, formal, future], irregular [table-tags], 갈음하신다 [formal, indicative, non-past], 갈음하셔 [indicative, informal, non-past], 갈음하세요 [indicative, informal, non-past, polite], 갈음하셔요 [indicative, informal, non-past, polite], 갈음하십니다 [formal, indicative, non-past, polite], 갈음하셨다 [formal, indicative, past], 갈음하셨어 [indicative, informal, past], 갈음하셨어요 [indicative, informal, past, polite], 갈음하셨습니다 [formal, indicative, past, polite], 갈음하시느냐 [formal, interrogative, non-past], 갈음하셔 [informal, interrogative, non-past], 갈음하세요 [informal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 갈음하셔요 [informal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 갈음하십니까 [formal, interrogative, non-past, polite], 갈음하셨느냐 [formal, interrogative, past], 갈음하셨어 [informal, interrogative, past], 갈음하셨어요 [informal, interrogative, past, polite], 갈음하셨습니까 [formal, interrogative, past, polite], 갈음하시라 [formal, imperative], 갈음하셔 [imperative, informal], 갈음하세요 [imperative, informal, polite], 갈음하십시오 [formal, imperative, polite], 갈음하시겠다 [assertive, formal], 갈음하시겠어 [assertive, informal], 갈음하시겠어요 [assertive, informal, polite], 갈음하시겠습니다 [assertive, formal, polite], 갈음하셔 [causative, formal], 갈음하셔서 [causative, informal], 갈음하시니 [causative, informal, polite], 갈음하시니까 [causative, formal, polite], 갈음하시지만 [contrastive, formal], 갈음하시는데 [contrastive, informal], 갈음하시더니 [contrastive, informal, polite], 갈음하시고 [conjunctive, formal], 갈음하시면 [conditional, formal], 갈음하셔야 [conditional, informal], 갈음하시려고 [formal, motive-form], 갈음하심 [formal, noun-from-verb], 갈음하시기 [informal, noun-from-verb], 갈음하셨음 [formal, noun-from-verb, past], 갈음하셨기 [informal, noun-from-verb, past], 갈음하신 [determiner, formal, past], 갈음하시는 [determiner, formal, present], 갈음하실 [determiner, formal, future]
  1. (transitive) to substitute; to replace Tags: transitive

Download JSON data for 갈음하다 meaning in Korean (13.7kB)

{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "갈음",
        "3": "-하다",
        "pos2": "light verb deriving active verbs",
        "t2": "to do"
      },
      "expansion": "갈음 (gareum) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "갈음 (gareum) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gareumhada",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음해",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하여",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하니",
      "tags": [
        "sequential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/verb",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vowel-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음한다",
      "roman": "gareumhanda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음해",
      "roman": "gareumhae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음해요",
      "roman": "gareumhaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음합니다",
      "roman": "gareumhamnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음했다",
      "roman": "gareumhaetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음했어",
      "roman": "gareumhaesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음했어요",
      "roman": "gareumhaesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음했습니다",
      "roman": "gareumhaetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하느냐",
      "roman": "gareumhaneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음해",
      "roman": "gareumhae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음해요",
      "roman": "gareumhaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음합니까",
      "roman": "gareumhamnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음했느냐",
      "roman": "gareumhaenneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음했어",
      "roman": "gareumhaesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음했어요",
      "roman": "gareumhaesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음했습니까",
      "roman": "gareumhaetseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하자",
      "roman": "gareumhaja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "hortative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음해",
      "roman": "gareumhae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hortative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음해요",
      "roman": "gareumhaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hortative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하십시다",
      "roman": "gareumhasipsida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "hortative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음해라",
      "roman": "gareumhaera",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하여라",
      "roman": "gareumhayeora",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음해",
      "roman": "gareumhae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음해요",
      "roman": "gareumhaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음합시오",
      "roman": "gareumhapsio",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하겠다",
      "roman": "gareumhagetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하겠어",
      "roman": "gareumhagesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하겠어요",
      "roman": "gareumhagesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하겠습니다",
      "roman": "gareumhagetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음해",
      "roman": "gareumhae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음해서",
      "roman": "gareumhaeseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하여서",
      "roman": "gareumhayeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하니",
      "roman": "gareumhani",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하니까",
      "roman": "gareumhanikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하지만",
      "roman": "gareumhajiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하는데",
      "roman": "gareumhaneunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하더니",
      "roman": "gareumhadeoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하고",
      "roman": "gareumhago",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하면",
      "roman": "gareumhamyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음해야",
      "roman": "gareumhaeya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하여야",
      "roman": "gareumhayeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하려고",
      "roman": "gareumharyeogo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "motive-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음함",
      "roman": "gareumham",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하기",
      "roman": "gareumhagi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음했음",
      "roman": "gareumhaesseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하였음",
      "roman": "gareumhayeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음했기",
      "roman": "gareumhaetgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하였기",
      "roman": "gareumhayeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음한",
      "roman": "gareumhan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하는",
      "roman": "gareumhaneun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음할",
      "roman": "gareumhal",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/verb",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vowel-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하신다",
      "roman": "gareumhasinda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하셔",
      "roman": "gareumhasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하세요",
      "roman": "gareumhaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하셔요",
      "roman": "gareumhasyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하십니다",
      "roman": "gareumhasimnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하셨다",
      "roman": "gareumhasyeotda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하셨어",
      "roman": "gareumhasyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하셨어요",
      "roman": "gareumhasyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하셨습니다",
      "roman": "gareumhasyeotseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하시느냐",
      "roman": "gareumhasineunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하셔",
      "roman": "gareumhasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하세요",
      "roman": "gareumhaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하셔요",
      "roman": "gareumhasyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하십니까",
      "roman": "gareumhasimnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하셨느냐",
      "roman": "gareumhasyeonneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하셨어",
      "roman": "gareumhasyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하셨어요",
      "roman": "gareumhasyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하셨습니까",
      "roman": "gareumhasyeotseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하시라",
      "roman": "gareumhasira",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하셔",
      "roman": "gareumhasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하세요",
      "roman": "gareumhaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하십시오",
      "roman": "gareumhasipsio",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하시겠다",
      "roman": "gareumhasigetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하시겠어",
      "roman": "gareumhasigesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하시겠어요",
      "roman": "gareumhasigesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하시겠습니다",
      "roman": "gareumhasigetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하셔",
      "roman": "gareumhasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하셔서",
      "roman": "gareumhasyeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하시니",
      "roman": "gareumhasini",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하시니까",
      "roman": "gareumhasinikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하시지만",
      "roman": "gareumhasijiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하시는데",
      "roman": "gareumhasineunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하시더니",
      "roman": "gareumhasideoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하시고",
      "roman": "gareumhasigo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하시면",
      "roman": "gareumhasimyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하셔야",
      "roman": "gareumhasyeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하시려고",
      "roman": "gareumhasiryeogo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "motive-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하심",
      "roman": "gareumhasim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하시기",
      "roman": "gareumhasigi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하셨음",
      "roman": "gareumhasyeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하셨기",
      "roman": "gareumhasyeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하신",
      "roman": "gareumhasin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하시는",
      "roman": "gareumhasineun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하실",
      "roman": "gareumhasil",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "future"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "갈음하다 • (gareumhada) (infinitive 갈음해 or 갈음하여, sequential 갈음하니)",
      "name": "ko-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms suffixed with -하다",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant script codes",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to substitute; to replace"
      ],
      "id": "en-갈음하다-ko-verb-wXaQiZeP",
      "links": [
        [
          "substitute",
          "substitute"
        ],
        [
          "replace",
          "replace"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to substitute; to replace"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ka̠ɾɯmɦa̠da̠]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "[가름하다]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "갈음하다"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ko",
        "2": "갈음",
        "3": "-하다",
        "pos2": "light verb deriving active verbs",
        "t2": "to do"
      },
      "expansion": "갈음 (gareum) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs)",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "갈음 (gareum) + 하다 (-hada, “to do”, light verb deriving active verbs).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "gareumhada",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음해",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하여",
      "tags": [
        "infinitive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하니",
      "tags": [
        "sequential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/verb",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vowel-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음한다",
      "roman": "gareumhanda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음해",
      "roman": "gareumhae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음해요",
      "roman": "gareumhaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음합니다",
      "roman": "gareumhamnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음했다",
      "roman": "gareumhaetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음했어",
      "roman": "gareumhaesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음했어요",
      "roman": "gareumhaesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음했습니다",
      "roman": "gareumhaetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하느냐",
      "roman": "gareumhaneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음해",
      "roman": "gareumhae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음해요",
      "roman": "gareumhaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음합니까",
      "roman": "gareumhamnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음했느냐",
      "roman": "gareumhaenneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음했어",
      "roman": "gareumhaesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음했어요",
      "roman": "gareumhaesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음했습니까",
      "roman": "gareumhaetseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하자",
      "roman": "gareumhaja",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "hortative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음해",
      "roman": "gareumhae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hortative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음해요",
      "roman": "gareumhaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hortative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하십시다",
      "roman": "gareumhasipsida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "hortative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음해라",
      "roman": "gareumhaera",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하여라",
      "roman": "gareumhayeora",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음해",
      "roman": "gareumhae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음해요",
      "roman": "gareumhaeyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음합시오",
      "roman": "gareumhapsio",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하겠다",
      "roman": "gareumhagetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하겠어",
      "roman": "gareumhagesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하겠어요",
      "roman": "gareumhagesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하겠습니다",
      "roman": "gareumhagetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음해",
      "roman": "gareumhae",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음해서",
      "roman": "gareumhaeseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하여서",
      "roman": "gareumhayeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하니",
      "roman": "gareumhani",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하니까",
      "roman": "gareumhanikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하지만",
      "roman": "gareumhajiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하는데",
      "roman": "gareumhaneunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하더니",
      "roman": "gareumhadeoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하고",
      "roman": "gareumhago",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하면",
      "roman": "gareumhamyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음해야",
      "roman": "gareumhaeya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하여야",
      "roman": "gareumhayeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하려고",
      "roman": "gareumharyeogo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "motive-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음함",
      "roman": "gareumham",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하기",
      "roman": "gareumhagi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음했음",
      "roman": "gareumhaesseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하였음",
      "roman": "gareumhayeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음했기",
      "roman": "gareumhaetgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하였기",
      "roman": "gareumhayeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음한",
      "roman": "gareumhan",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하는",
      "roman": "gareumhaneun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음할",
      "roman": "gareumhal",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "future"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "irregular",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ko-conj/verb",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "vowel-stem",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하신다",
      "roman": "gareumhasinda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하셔",
      "roman": "gareumhasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하세요",
      "roman": "gareumhaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하셔요",
      "roman": "gareumhasyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하십니다",
      "roman": "gareumhasimnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하셨다",
      "roman": "gareumhasyeotda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하셨어",
      "roman": "gareumhasyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하셨어요",
      "roman": "gareumhasyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "informal",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하셨습니다",
      "roman": "gareumhasyeotseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "indicative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하시느냐",
      "roman": "gareumhasineunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하셔",
      "roman": "gareumhasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하세요",
      "roman": "gareumhaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하셔요",
      "roman": "gareumhasyeoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하십니까",
      "roman": "gareumhasimnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "non-past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하셨느냐",
      "roman": "gareumhasyeonneunya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하셨어",
      "roman": "gareumhasyeosseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하셨어요",
      "roman": "gareumhasyeosseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하셨습니까",
      "roman": "gareumhasyeotseumnikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "interrogative",
        "past",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하시라",
      "roman": "gareumhasira",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하셔",
      "roman": "gareumhasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하세요",
      "roman": "gareumhaseyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하십시오",
      "roman": "gareumhasipsio",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "imperative",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하시겠다",
      "roman": "gareumhasigetda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하시겠어",
      "roman": "gareumhasigesseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하시겠어요",
      "roman": "gareumhasigesseoyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하시겠습니다",
      "roman": "gareumhasigetseumnida",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "assertive",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하셔",
      "roman": "gareumhasyeo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하셔서",
      "roman": "gareumhasyeoseo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하시니",
      "roman": "gareumhasini",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하시니까",
      "roman": "gareumhasinikka",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative",
        "formal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하시지만",
      "roman": "gareumhasijiman",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하시는데",
      "roman": "gareumhasineunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하시더니",
      "roman": "gareumhasideoni",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "contrastive",
        "informal",
        "polite"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하시고",
      "roman": "gareumhasigo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하시면",
      "roman": "gareumhasimyeon",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하셔야",
      "roman": "gareumhasyeoya",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "informal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하시려고",
      "roman": "gareumhasiryeogo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "motive-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하심",
      "roman": "gareumhasim",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하시기",
      "roman": "gareumhasigi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하셨음",
      "roman": "gareumhasyeosseum",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하셨기",
      "roman": "gareumhasyeotgi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "informal",
        "noun-from-verb",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하신",
      "roman": "gareumhasin",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하시는",
      "roman": "gareumhasineun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "갈음하실",
      "roman": "gareumhasil",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "determiner",
        "formal",
        "future"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "갈음하다 • (gareumhada) (infinitive 갈음해 or 갈음하여, sequential 갈음하니)",
      "name": "ko-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Korean",
  "lang_code": "ko",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Korean entries with incorrect language header",
        "Korean ha-irregular verbs",
        "Korean lemmas",
        "Korean terms suffixed with -하다",
        "Korean terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Korean terms with redundant script codes",
        "Korean terms with redundant transliterations",
        "Korean transitive verbs",
        "Korean verbs"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to substitute; to replace"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "substitute",
          "substitute"
        ],
        [
          "replace",
          "replace"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(transitive) to substitute; to replace"
      ],
      "tags": [
        "transitive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "[ka̠ɾɯmɦa̠da̠]",
      "tags": [
        "SK-Standard",
        "Seoul"
      ]
    },
    {
      "other": "[가름하다]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "갈음하다"
}
{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
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  "path": [
    "갈음하다"
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  "section": "Korean",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "갈음하다",
  "trace": ""
}

{
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  "section": "Korean",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "갈음하다",
  "trace": ""
}

{
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}

{
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  "section": "Korean",
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  "title": "갈음하다",
  "trace": ""
}

{
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}

{
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}

{
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}

{
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{
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}

{
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}

{
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}

{
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}

{
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}

{
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}

{
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{
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{
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{
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}

{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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{
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}

{
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{
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This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Korean dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (bb24e0f and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.