"-irũ" meaning in Kikuyu

See -irũ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ìɾóꜜ/
Etymology: Hinde (1904) records -iru as an equivalent of English black in “Jogowini dialect” of Kikuyu, listing also “Ulu dialect” (spoken then from Machakos to coastal area) of Kamba -ziu and “Nganyawa dialect” (spoken then in Kitui District) of Kamba -wiu as its equivalents. Etymology templates: {{cog|kam|-ziu}} Kamba -ziu Head templates: {{head|ki|adjective}} -irũ Inflection templates: {{ki-infl-adj|mũirũ|airũ|mĩirũ|rĩirũ|mairũ|kĩirũ|njirũ|rũirũ|kairũ|tũirũ|kũirũ|hairũ}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], mũirũ [class-2, singular], airũ [class-2, plural], mũirũ [class-4, singular], mĩirũ [class-4, plural], rĩirũ [class-6, singular], mairũ [class-6, plural], kĩirũ [class-8, singular], njirũ [class-8, plural], njirũ [class-10, singular], njirũ [class-10, plural], rũirũ [class-10, singular], kairũ [class-13, singular], tũirũ [class-13, plural], mũirũ [class-6, singular], kũirũ [class-6, singular], hairũ [class-16, singular], - [class-16, plural]
  1. black Categories (topical): Colors
    Sense id: en--irũ-ki-adj-wAbH46sU Disambiguation of Colors: 93 7
  2. dark-colored
    Sense id: en--irũ-ki-adj-izzktfqw Categories (other): Kikuyu entries with incorrect language header, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Kikuyu entries with incorrect language header: 1 99 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 0 100 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 0 100
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Derived forms: mũirũ [class-3], ũirũ [class-14], mũtĩ-mũirũ [class-3] Related terms: kũira
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "class-3"
      ],
      "word": "mũirũ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "class-14"
      ],
      "word": "ũirũ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "class-3"
      ],
      "word": "mũtĩ-mũirũ"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kam",
        "2": "-ziu"
      },
      "expansion": "Kamba -ziu",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Hinde (1904) records -iru as an equivalent of English black in “Jogowini dialect” of Kikuyu, listing also “Ulu dialect” (spoken then from Machakos to coastal area) of Kamba -ziu and “Nganyawa dialect” (spoken then in Kitui District) of Kamba -wiu as its equivalents.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ki-infl-adj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mũirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-2",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "airũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-2",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mũirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-4",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mĩirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-4",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rĩirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-6",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mairũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-6",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kĩirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-8",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "njirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-8",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "njirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-10",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "njirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-10",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rũirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-10",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kairũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-13",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tũirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-13",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mũirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-6",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kũirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-6",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hairũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-16",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-16",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ki",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "-irũ",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mũirũ",
        "10": "tũirũ",
        "11": "kũirũ",
        "12": "hairũ",
        "2": "airũ",
        "3": "mĩirũ",
        "4": "rĩirũ",
        "5": "mairũ",
        "6": "kĩirũ",
        "7": "njirũ",
        "8": "rũirũ",
        "9": "kairũ"
      },
      "name": "ki-infl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Kikuyu",
  "lang_code": "ki",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "kũira"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "93 7",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ki",
          "name": "Colors",
          "orig": "ki:Colors",
          "parents": [
            "Light",
            "Vision",
            "Energy",
            "Senses",
            "Nature",
            "Perception",
            "All topics",
            "Body",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "black"
      ],
      "id": "en--irũ-ki-adj-wAbH46sU",
      "links": [
        [
          "black",
          "black"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "1 99",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Kikuyu entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "dark-colored"
      ],
      "id": "en--irũ-ki-adj-izzktfqw"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ìɾóꜜ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-irũ"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Kikuyu adjectives",
    "Kikuyu entries with incorrect language header",
    "Kikuyu lemmas",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "ki:Colors"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "class-3"
      ],
      "word": "mũirũ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "class-14"
      ],
      "word": "ũirũ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "class-3"
      ],
      "word": "mũtĩ-mũirũ"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kam",
        "2": "-ziu"
      },
      "expansion": "Kamba -ziu",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Hinde (1904) records -iru as an equivalent of English black in “Jogowini dialect” of Kikuyu, listing also “Ulu dialect” (spoken then from Machakos to coastal area) of Kamba -ziu and “Nganyawa dialect” (spoken then in Kitui District) of Kamba -wiu as its equivalents.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ki-infl-adj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mũirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-2",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "airũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-2",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mũirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-4",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mĩirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-4",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rĩirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-6",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mairũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-6",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kĩirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-8",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "njirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-8",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "njirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-10",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "njirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-10",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rũirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-10",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kairũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-13",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tũirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-13",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mũirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-6",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kũirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-6",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hairũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-16",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-16",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ki",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "-irũ",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mũirũ",
        "10": "tũirũ",
        "11": "kũirũ",
        "12": "hairũ",
        "2": "airũ",
        "3": "mĩirũ",
        "4": "rĩirũ",
        "5": "mairũ",
        "6": "kĩirũ",
        "7": "njirũ",
        "8": "rũirũ",
        "9": "kairũ"
      },
      "name": "ki-infl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Kikuyu",
  "lang_code": "ki",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "kũira"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "black"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "black",
          "black"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "dark-colored"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ìɾóꜜ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-irũ"
}

Download raw JSONL data for -irũ meaning in Kikuyu (2.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Kikuyu dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.