-irũ in All languages combined

IPA: /ìɾóꜜ/ [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: Hinde (1904) records -iru as an equivalent of English black in “Jogowini dialect” of Kikuyu, listing also “Ulu dialect” (spoken then from Machakos to coastal area) of Kamba -ziu and “Nganyawa dialect” (spoken then in Kitui District) of Kamba -wiu as its equivalents. Etymology templates: {{m|en|black}} black, {{cog|kam|-ziu}} Kamba -ziu, {{m|kam|-wiu}} -wiu Head templates: {{head|ki|adjective}} -irũ Inflection templates: {{ki-infl-adj|mũirũ|airũ|mĩirũ|rĩirũ|mairũ|kĩirũ|njirũ|rũirũ|kairũ|tũirũ|kũirũ|hairũ}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], mũirũ [class-2, singular], airũ [class-2, plural], mũirũ [class-4, singular], mĩirũ [class-4, plural], rĩirũ [class-6, singular], mairũ [class-6, plural], kĩirũ [class-8, singular], njirũ [class-8, plural], njirũ [class-10, singular], njirũ [class-10, plural], rũirũ [class-10, singular], kairũ [class-13, singular], tũirũ [class-13, plural], mũirũ [class-6, singular], kũirũ [class-6, singular], hairũ [class-16, singular], - [class-16, plural]

[Show JSON for post-processed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for post-processed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "class-3"
      ],
      "word": "mũirũ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "class-14"
      ],
      "word": "ũirũ"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "tags": [
        "class-3"
      ],
      "word": "mũtĩ-mũirũ"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "black"
      },
      "expansion": "black",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kam",
        "2": "-ziu"
      },
      "expansion": "Kamba -ziu",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kam",
        "2": "-wiu"
      },
      "expansion": "-wiu",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Hinde (1904) records -iru as an equivalent of English black in “Jogowini dialect” of Kikuyu, listing also “Ulu dialect” (spoken then from Machakos to coastal area) of Kamba -ziu and “Nganyawa dialect” (spoken then in Kitui District) of Kamba -wiu as its equivalents.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ki-infl-adj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mũirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-2",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "airũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-2",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mũirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-4",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mĩirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-4",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rĩirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-6",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mairũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-6",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kĩirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-8",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "njirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-8",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "njirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-10",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "njirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-10",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rũirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-10",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kairũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-13",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tũirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-13",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mũirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-6",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kũirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-6",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hairũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-16",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-16",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ki",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "-irũ",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mũirũ",
        "10": "tũirũ",
        "11": "kũirũ",
        "12": "hairũ",
        "2": "airũ",
        "3": "mĩirũ",
        "4": "rĩirũ",
        "5": "mairũ",
        "6": "kĩirũ",
        "7": "njirũ",
        "8": "rũirũ",
        "9": "kairũ"
      },
      "name": "ki-infl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Kikuyu",
  "lang_code": "ki",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "kũira"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Kikuyu entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "100 0",
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ki",
          "name": "Colors",
          "orig": "ki:Colors",
          "parents": [
            "Light",
            "Vision",
            "Energy",
            "Senses",
            "Nature",
            "Perception",
            "All topics",
            "Body",
            "Fundamental",
            "Human"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "black"
      ],
      "id": "en--irũ-ki-adj-wAbH46sU",
      "links": [
        [
          "black",
          "black"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Kikuyu entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "dark-colored"
      ],
      "id": "en--irũ-ki-adj-izzktfqw"
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ìɾóꜜ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-irũ"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "categories": [
    "Kikuyu adjectives",
    "Kikuyu entries with incorrect language header",
    "Kikuyu lemmas",
    "Kikuyu terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "ki:Colors"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "tags": [
        "class-3"
      ],
      "word": "mũirũ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "class-14"
      ],
      "word": "ũirũ"
    },
    {
      "tags": [
        "class-3"
      ],
      "word": "mũtĩ-mũirũ"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "en",
        "2": "black"
      },
      "expansion": "black",
      "name": "m"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kam",
        "2": "-ziu"
      },
      "expansion": "Kamba -ziu",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "kam",
        "2": "-wiu"
      },
      "expansion": "-wiu",
      "name": "m"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Hinde (1904) records -iru as an equivalent of English black in “Jogowini dialect” of Kikuyu, listing also “Ulu dialect” (spoken then from Machakos to coastal area) of Kamba -ziu and “Nganyawa dialect” (spoken then in Kitui District) of Kamba -wiu as its equivalents.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ki-infl-adj",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mũirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-2",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "airũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-2",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mũirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-4",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mĩirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-4",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rĩirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-6",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mairũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-6",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kĩirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-8",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "njirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-8",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "njirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-10",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "njirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-10",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "rũirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-10",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kairũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-13",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "tũirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-13",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mũirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-6",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kũirũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-6",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hairũ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-16",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class-16",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ki",
        "2": "adjective"
      },
      "expansion": "-irũ",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "mũirũ",
        "10": "tũirũ",
        "11": "kũirũ",
        "12": "hairũ",
        "2": "airũ",
        "3": "mĩirũ",
        "4": "rĩirũ",
        "5": "mairũ",
        "6": "kĩirũ",
        "7": "njirũ",
        "8": "rũirũ",
        "9": "kairũ"
      },
      "name": "ki-infl-adj"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Kikuyu",
  "lang_code": "ki",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "kũira"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "black"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "black",
          "black"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "dark-colored"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ìɾóꜜ/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "-irũ"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (f4fd8c9 and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"-irũ" meaning in All languages combined

Adjective [Kikuyu]