"造成" meaning in Japanese

See 造成 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Forms: 造成 [canonical] (ruby: (ぞう), (せい)), zōsei [romanization]
Head templates: {{ja-noun|ぞうせい}} 造(ぞう)成(せい) • (zōsei)
  1. (construction) site preparation, development of lots
    Sense id: en-造成-ja-noun-8eoZfpSO Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 56 44 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 82 18 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 82 18 Topics: business, construction, manufacturing

Verb

Forms: 造成する [canonical] (ruby: (ぞう), (せい)), zōsei suru [romanization], 造成し [stem] (ruby: (ぞう), (せい)), 造成した [past] (ruby: (ぞう), (せい)), no-table-tags [table-tags], 造成し [error-unrecognized-form], ぞうせいし [error-unrecognized-form], zōsei shi [error-unrecognized-form], 造成する [error-unrecognized-form], ぞうせいする [error-unrecognized-form], zōsei suru [error-unrecognized-form], 造成すれ [error-unrecognized-form], ぞうせいすれ [error-unrecognized-form], zōsei sure [error-unrecognized-form], 造成せよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], 造成しろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], ぞうせいせよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], ぞうせいしろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], zōsei seyo [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], zōsei shiro [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], 造成される [passive], ぞうせいされる [passive], zōsei sareru [passive], 造成させる [causative], 造成さす [causative], ぞうせいさせる [causative], ぞうせいさす [causative], zōsei saseru [causative], zōsei sasu [causative], 造成できる [potential], ぞうせいできる [potential], zōsei dekiru [potential], 造成しよう [volitional], ぞうせいしよう [volitional], zōsei shiyō [volitional], 造成しない [negative], ぞうせいしない [negative], zōsei shinai [negative], 造成せず [continuative, negative], ぞうせいせず [continuative, negative], zōsei sezu [continuative, negative], 造成します [formal], ぞうせいします [formal], zōsei shimasu [formal], 造成した [perfective], ぞうせいした [perfective], zōsei shita [perfective], 造成して [conjunctive], ぞうせいして [conjunctive], zōsei shite [conjunctive], 造成すれば [conditional, hypothetical], ぞうせいすれば [conditional, hypothetical], zōsei sureba [conditional, hypothetical]
  1. develop land for housing lots
    Sense id: en-造成-ja-verb-ZqoHfgvS Categories (other): Japanese terms with 2 kanji Disambiguation of Japanese terms with 2 kanji: 45 55
{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "造成",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "造",
          "ぞう"
        ],
        [
          "成",
          "せい"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zōsei",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ぞうせい"
      },
      "expansion": "造(ぞう)成(せい) • (zōsei)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "56 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "82 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "82 18",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "site preparation, development of lots"
      ],
      "id": "en-造成-ja-noun-8eoZfpSO",
      "links": [
        [
          "preparation",
          "preparation"
        ],
        [
          "development",
          "development"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(construction) site preparation, development of lots"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "business",
        "construction",
        "manufacturing"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "造成"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "造成する",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "造",
          "ぞう"
        ],
        [
          "成",
          "せい"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zōsei suru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "造成し",
      "roman": "zōsei shi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "造",
          "ぞう"
        ],
        [
          "成",
          "せい"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "造成した",
      "roman": "zōsei shita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "造",
          "ぞう"
        ],
        [
          "成",
          "せい"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "造成し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぞうせいし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zōsei shi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "造成する",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぞうせいする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zōsei suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "造成すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぞうせいすれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zōsei sure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "造成せよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "造成しろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぞうせいせよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぞうせいしろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zōsei seyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zōsei shiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "造成される",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぞうせいされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zōsei sareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "造成させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "造成さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぞうせいさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぞうせいさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zōsei saseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zōsei sasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "造成できる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぞうせいできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zōsei dekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "造成しよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぞうせいしよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zōsei shiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "造成しない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぞうせいしない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zōsei shinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "造成せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぞうせいせず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zōsei sezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "造成します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぞうせいします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zōsei shimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "造成した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぞうせいした",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zōsei shita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "造成して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぞうせいして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zōsei shite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "造成すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぞうせいすれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zōsei sureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "45 55",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "land reclaimed by raising the ground level",
          "roman": "moritsuchi ni yori zōsei sareta tochi",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "盛土",
              "もりつち"
            ],
            [
              "造成",
              "ぞうせい"
            ],
            [
              "土地",
              "とち"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "盛土により造成された土地",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "develop land for housing lots"
      ],
      "id": "en-造成-ja-verb-ZqoHfgvS",
      "links": [
        [
          "develop",
          "develop"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "造成"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese suru verbs",
    "Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese transitive verbs",
    "Japanese verbs",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "造成",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "造",
          "ぞう"
        ],
        [
          "成",
          "せい"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zōsei",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ぞうせい"
      },
      "expansion": "造(ぞう)成(せい) • (zōsei)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "site preparation, development of lots"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "preparation",
          "preparation"
        ],
        [
          "development",
          "development"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(construction) site preparation, development of lots"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "business",
        "construction",
        "manufacturing"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "造成"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese suru verbs",
    "Japanese terms spelled with fifth grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese transitive verbs",
    "Japanese verbs",
    "Pages with 3 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "造成する",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "造",
          "ぞう"
        ],
        [
          "成",
          "せい"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zōsei suru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "造成し",
      "roman": "zōsei shi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "造",
          "ぞう"
        ],
        [
          "成",
          "せい"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "造成した",
      "roman": "zōsei shita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "造",
          "ぞう"
        ],
        [
          "成",
          "せい"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "造成し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぞうせいし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zōsei shi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "造成する",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぞうせいする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zōsei suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "造成すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぞうせいすれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zōsei sure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "造成せよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "造成しろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぞうせいせよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぞうせいしろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zōsei seyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zōsei shiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "造成される",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぞうせいされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zōsei sareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "造成させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "造成さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぞうせいさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぞうせいさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zōsei saseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zōsei sasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "造成できる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぞうせいできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zōsei dekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "造成しよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぞうせいしよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zōsei shiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "造成しない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぞうせいしない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zōsei shinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "造成せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぞうせいせず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zōsei sezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "造成します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぞうせいします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zōsei shimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "造成した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぞうせいした",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zōsei shita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "造成して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぞうせいして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zōsei shite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "造成すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ぞうせいすれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "zōsei sureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "land reclaimed by raising the ground level",
          "roman": "moritsuchi ni yori zōsei sareta tochi",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "盛土",
              "もりつち"
            ],
            [
              "造成",
              "ぞうせい"
            ],
            [
              "土地",
              "とち"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "盛土により造成された土地",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "develop land for housing lots"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "develop",
          "develop"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "造成"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 造成 meaning in Japanese (6.5kB)

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "造成"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "造成",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
  "path": [
    "造成"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "造成",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
  "path": [
    "造成"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "造成",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
  "path": [
    "造成"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "造成",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
  "path": [
    "造成"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "造成",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
  "path": [
    "造成"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "造成",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
  "path": [
    "造成"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "造成",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.