"誣いる" meaning in Japanese

See 誣いる in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: [ɕiːɾɯ̟]
Etymology: A regular shift from Classical Japanese 誣(し)ふ (shifu). Related to 強(し)いる (shiiru, “to force; to compel”). Development Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 上二段活用 (kami nidan katsuyō, “upper bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -iru. Etymology templates: {{ja-r|誣ふ|しふ}} 誣(し)ふ (shifu), {{ja-r|強いる|し.いる|to force; to compel}} 強(し)いる (shiiru, “to force; to compel”) Head templates: {{ja-verb|し.いる|hhira=しひる|tr=trans|type=2}} 誣(し)いる • (shiiru) ^(←しひる (sifiru)?)transitive ichidan (stem 誣(し)い (shii), past 誣(し)いた (shiita)) Forms: 誣いる [canonical] (ruby: ()), shiiru [romanization], sifiru [romanization], 誣い [stem] (ruby: ()), 誣いた [past] (ruby: ()), no-table-tags [table-tags], 誣い [error-unrecognized-form], しいる [error-unrecognized-form], shiiru [error-unrecognized-form], 誣いる [error-unrecognized-form], しいるる [error-unrecognized-form], shiiruru [error-unrecognized-form], 誣いれ [error-unrecognized-form], しいるれ [error-unrecognized-form], shiirure [error-unrecognized-form], 誣いよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], 誣いろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], しいるよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], しいるろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], shiiruyo [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], shiiruro [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], 誣いられる [passive], しいるられる [passive], shiirurareru [passive], 誣いさせる [causative], 誣いさす [causative], しいるさせる [causative], しいるさす [causative], shiirusaseru [causative], shiirusasu [causative], 誣いられる [potential], 誣いれる [colloquial, potential], しいるられる [potential], しいるれる [colloquial, potential], shiirurareru [potential], shiirureru [colloquial, potential], 誣いよう [volitional], しいるよう [volitional], shiiruyō [volitional], 誣いない [negative], 誣いぬ [negative], 誣いん [negative], しいるない [negative], しいるぬ [negative], しいるん [negative], shiirunai [negative], shiirunu [negative], shiirun [negative], 誣いず [continuative, negative], しいるず [continuative, negative], shiiruzu [continuative, negative], 誣います [formal], しいるます [formal], shiirumasu [formal], 誣いた [perfective], しいるた [perfective], shiiruta [perfective], 誣いて [conjunctive], しいるて [conjunctive], shiirute [conjunctive], 誣いれば [conditional, hypothetical], しいるれば [conditional, hypothetical], shiirureba [conditional, hypothetical]
  1. to slander, to defame Wikipedia link: Daijisen#Online_search_engines
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "誣ふ",
        "2": "しふ"
      },
      "expansion": "誣(し)ふ (shifu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "強いる",
        "2": "し.いる",
        "3": "to force; to compel"
      },
      "expansion": "強(し)いる (shiiru, “to force; to compel”)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "A regular shift from Classical Japanese 誣(し)ふ (shifu). Related to 強(し)いる (shiiru, “to force; to compel”).\nDevelopment\nNatural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 上二段活用 (kami nidan katsuyō, “upper bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -iru.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "誣いる",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "誣",
          "し"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiiru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sifiru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣い",
      "roman": "shii",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "誣",
          "し"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣いた",
      "roman": "shiita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "誣",
          "し"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-ichi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣い",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しいる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣いる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しいるる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiiruru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣いれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しいるれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiirure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣いよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣いろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しいるよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しいるろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiiruyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiiruro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣いられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しいるられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiirurareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣いさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣いさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しいるさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しいるさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiirusaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiirusasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣いられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣いれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しいるられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しいるれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiirurareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiirureru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣いよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しいるよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiiruyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣いない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣いぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣いん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しいるない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しいるぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しいるん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiirunai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiirunu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiirun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣いず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しいるず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiiruzu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣います",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しいるます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiirumasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣いた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しいるた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiiruta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣いて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しいるて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiirute",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣いれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しいるれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiirureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "し.いる",
        "hhira": "しひる",
        "tr": "trans",
        "type": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "誣(し)いる • (shiiru) ^(←しひる (sifiru)?)transitive ichidan (stem 誣(し)い (shii), past 誣(し)いた (shiita))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to slander, to defame"
      ],
      "id": "en-誣いる-ja-verb-PBijVVul",
      "links": [
        [
          "slander",
          "slander"
        ],
        [
          "defame",
          "defame"
        ]
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Daijisen#Online_search_engines"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "しいる"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɕiːɾɯ̟]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "誣いる"
}
{
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "誣ふ",
        "2": "しふ"
      },
      "expansion": "誣(し)ふ (shifu)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "強いる",
        "2": "し.いる",
        "3": "to force; to compel"
      },
      "expansion": "強(し)いる (shiiru, “to force; to compel”)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "A regular shift from Classical Japanese 誣(し)ふ (shifu). Related to 強(し)いる (shiiru, “to force; to compel”).\nDevelopment\nNatural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 上二段活用 (kami nidan katsuyō, “upper bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 上一段活用 (kami ichidan katsuyō, “upper monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -iru.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "誣いる",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "誣",
          "し"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiiru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sifiru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣い",
      "roman": "shii",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "誣",
          "し"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣いた",
      "roman": "shiita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "誣",
          "し"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-ichi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣い",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しいる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣いる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しいるる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiiruru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣いれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しいるれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiirure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣いよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣いろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しいるよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しいるろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiiruyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiiruro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣いられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しいるられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiirurareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣いさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣いさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しいるさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しいるさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiirusaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiirusasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣いられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣いれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しいるられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しいるれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiirurareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiirureru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣いよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しいるよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiiruyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣いない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣いぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣いん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しいるない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しいるぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しいるん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiirunai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiirunu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiirun",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣いず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しいるず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiiruzu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣います",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しいるます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiirumasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣いた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しいるた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiiruta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣いて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しいるて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiirute",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "誣いれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "しいるれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "shiirureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "し.いる",
        "hhira": "しひる",
        "tr": "trans",
        "type": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "誣(し)いる • (shiiru) ^(←しひる (sifiru)?)transitive ichidan (stem 誣(し)い (shii), past 誣(し)いた (shiita))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
        "Japanese ichidan verbs",
        "Japanese kami ichidan verbs",
        "Japanese lemmas",
        "Japanese links with manual fragments",
        "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
        "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
        "Japanese terms spelled with hyōgai kanji",
        "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
        "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Japanese terms with multiple readings",
        "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
        "Japanese transitive verbs",
        "Japanese verbs",
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to slander, to defame"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "slander",
          "slander"
        ],
        [
          "defame",
          "defame"
        ]
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Daijisen#Online_search_engines"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "しいる"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ɕiːɾɯ̟]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "誣いる"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 誣いる meaning in Japanese (6.8kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (5ee713e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.