"すくむ" meaning in Japanese

See すくむ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: [sɨ̥kɯ̟mɯ̟]
Head templates: {{ja-verb|hhira=すくむ|tr=intrans|type=1}} すくむ • (sukumu) ^(←すくむ (sukumu)?)intransitive godan (stem すくみ (sukumi), past すくんだ (sukunda)) Forms: すくむ ^intransitive godan [canonical], sukumu [romanization], すくみ [stem], すくんだ [past], no-table-tags [table-tags], すくま [imperfective], sukuma [imperfective], すくみ [continuative], sukumi [continuative], すくむ [terminative], sukumu [terminative], すくむ [attributive], sukumu [attributive], すくめ [hypothetical], sukume [hypothetical], すくめ [imperative], sukume [imperative], すくまれる [passive], sukumareru [passive], すくませる [causative], すくます [causative], sukumaseru [causative], sukumasu [causative], すくめる [potential], sukumeru [potential], すくもう [volitional], sukumō [volitional], すくまない [negative], sukumanai [negative], すくまず [continuative, negative], sukumazu [continuative, negative], すくみます [formal], sukumimasu [formal], すくんだ [perfective], sukunda [perfective], すくんで [conjunctive], sukunde [conjunctive], すくめば [conditional, hypothetical], sukumeba [conditional, hypothetical], 竦む [alternative, kanji]
  1. freeze from fear, be paralyzed with fear
    Sense id: en-すくむ-ja-verb-LwLF7Gcl Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese godan verbs ending with -mu, Japanese links with manual fragments, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō), Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 52 48 Disambiguation of Japanese godan verbs ending with -mu: 50 50 Disambiguation of Japanese links with manual fragments: 46 54 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 52 48 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 46 54 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō): 52 48 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 46 54 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 47 53 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 45 55
  2. cower, shrink before something
    Sense id: en-すくむ-ja-verb-FYrQm-8L Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese godan verbs ending with -mu, Japanese links with manual fragments, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō), Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 52 48 Disambiguation of Japanese godan verbs ending with -mu: 50 50 Disambiguation of Japanese links with manual fragments: 46 54 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 52 48 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 46 54 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō): 52 48 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 46 54 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 47 53 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 45 55

Alternative forms

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "すくむ ^intransitive godan",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sukumu",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すくみ",
      "roman": "sukumi",
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すくんだ",
      "roman": "sukunda",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-verbconj-row",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すくま",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sukuma",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すくみ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sukumi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すくむ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sukumu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すくむ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sukumu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すくめ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sukume",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すくめ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sukume",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すくまれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sukumareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すくませる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すくます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sukumaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sukumasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すくめる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sukumeru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すくもう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sukumō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すくまない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sukumanai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すくまず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sukumazu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すくみます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sukumimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すくんだ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sukunda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すくんで",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sukunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すくめば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sukumeba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "竦む",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "kanji"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "hhira": "すくむ",
        "tr": "intrans",
        "type": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "すくむ • (sukumu) ^(←すくむ (sukumu)?)intransitive godan (stem すくみ (sukumi), past すくんだ (sukunda))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -mu",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "47 53",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "45 55",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "freeze from fear, be paralyzed with fear"
      ],
      "id": "en-すくむ-ja-verb-LwLF7Gcl",
      "links": [
        [
          "freeze",
          "freeze"
        ],
        [
          "paralyzed",
          "paralyzed"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "50 50",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese godan verbs ending with -mu",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "52 48",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "46 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "47 53",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "45 55",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "cower, shrink before something"
      ],
      "id": "en-すくむ-ja-verb-FYrQm-8L",
      "links": [
        [
          "cower",
          "cower"
        ],
        [
          "shrink",
          "shrink"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "すくむ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[sɨ̥kɯ̟mɯ̟]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "すくむ"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese godan verbs",
    "Japanese godan verbs ending with -mu",
    "Japanese hiragana",
    "Japanese intransitive verbs",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with manual fragments",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese terms with Heiban pitch accent (Tōkyō)",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation with pitch accent",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese verbs",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "すくむ ^intransitive godan",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sukumu",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すくみ",
      "roman": "sukumi",
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すくんだ",
      "roman": "sukunda",
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-verbconj-row",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すくま",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sukuma",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すくみ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sukumi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すくむ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sukumu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "terminative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すくむ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sukumu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "attributive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すくめ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sukume",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すくめ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sukume",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すくまれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sukumareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すくませる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すくます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sukumaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sukumasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すくめる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sukumeru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すくもう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sukumō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すくまない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sukumanai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すくまず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sukumazu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すくみます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sukumimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すくんだ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sukunda",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すくんで",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sukunde",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "すくめば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "sukumeba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "竦む",
      "tags": [
        "alternative",
        "kanji"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "hhira": "すくむ",
        "tr": "intrans",
        "type": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "すくむ • (sukumu) ^(←すくむ (sukumu)?)intransitive godan (stem すくみ (sukumi), past すくんだ (sukunda))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "freeze from fear, be paralyzed with fear"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "freeze",
          "freeze"
        ],
        [
          "paralyzed",
          "paralyzed"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "cower, shrink before something"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cower",
          "cower"
        ],
        [
          "shrink",
          "shrink"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "すくむ"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[sɨ̥kɯ̟mɯ̟]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "すくむ"
}

Download raw JSONL data for すくむ meaning in Japanese (4.1kB)

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-02-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-01-01 using wiktextract (f492ef9 and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.