"飽食" meaning in Japanese

See 飽食 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

Forms: 飽食 [canonical] (ruby: (ほう), (しょく)), hōshoku [romanization]
Head templates: {{ja-noun|ほうしょく}} 飽(ほう)食(しょく) • (hōshoku)
  1. gluttony, satiation
    Sense id: en-飽食-ja-noun-aJPM~KTt Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 90 10 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 88 12 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 89 11 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 89 11

Verb

Forms: 飽食する [canonical] (ruby: (ほう), (しょく)), hōshoku suru [romanization], 飽食し [stem] (ruby: (ほう), (しょく)), 飽食した [past] (ruby: (ほう), (しょく)), no-table-tags [table-tags], 飽食し [error-unrecognized-form], ほうしょくし [error-unrecognized-form], hōshoku shi [error-unrecognized-form], 飽食する [error-unrecognized-form], ほうしょくする [error-unrecognized-form], hōshoku suru [error-unrecognized-form], 飽食すれ [error-unrecognized-form], ほうしょくすれ [error-unrecognized-form], hōshoku sure [error-unrecognized-form], 飽食せよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], 飽食しろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], ほうしょくせよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], ほうしょくしろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], hōshoku seyo [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], hōshoku shiro [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], 飽食される [passive], ほうしょくされる [passive], hōshoku sareru [passive], 飽食させる [causative], 飽食さす [causative], ほうしょくさせる [causative], ほうしょくさす [causative], hōshoku saseru [causative], hōshoku sasu [causative], 飽食できる [potential], ほうしょくできる [potential], hōshoku dekiru [potential], 飽食しよう [volitional], ほうしょくしよう [volitional], hōshoku shiyō [volitional], 飽食しない [negative], ほうしょくしない [negative], hōshoku shinai [negative], 飽食せず [continuative, negative], ほうしょくせず [continuative, negative], hōshoku sezu [continuative, negative], 飽食します [formal], ほうしょくします [formal], hōshoku shimasu [formal], 飽食した [perfective], ほうしょくした [perfective], hōshoku shita [perfective], 飽食して [conjunctive], ほうしょくして [conjunctive], hōshoku shite [conjunctive], 飽食すれば [conditional, hypothetical], ほうしょくすれば [conditional, hypothetical], hōshoku sureba [conditional, hypothetical]
  1. satiate
    Sense id: en-飽食-ja-verb-WBZmzais Categories (other): Japanese verbs without transitivity Disambiguation of Japanese verbs without transitivity: 18 82

Download JSON data for 飽食 meaning in Japanese (6.2kB)

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "飽食",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "飽",
          "ほう"
        ],
        [
          "食",
          "しょく"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōshoku",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ほうしょく"
      },
      "expansion": "飽(ほう)食(しょく) • (hōshoku)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "90 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "88 12",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "89 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "89 11",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "gluttony, satiation"
      ],
      "id": "en-飽食-ja-noun-aJPM~KTt",
      "links": [
        [
          "gluttony",
          "gluttony"
        ],
        [
          "satiation",
          "satiation"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "飽食"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "飽食する",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "飽",
          "ほう"
        ],
        [
          "食",
          "しょく"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōshoku suru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "飽食し",
      "roman": "hōshoku shi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "飽",
          "ほう"
        ],
        [
          "食",
          "しょく"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "飽食した",
      "roman": "hōshoku shita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "飽",
          "ほう"
        ],
        [
          "食",
          "しょく"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "飽食し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ほうしょくし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōshoku shi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "飽食する",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ほうしょくする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōshoku suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "飽食すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ほうしょくすれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōshoku sure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "飽食せよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "飽食しろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ほうしょくせよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ほうしょくしろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōshoku seyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōshoku shiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "飽食される",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ほうしょくされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōshoku sareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "飽食させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "飽食さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ほうしょくさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ほうしょくさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōshoku saseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōshoku sasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "飽食できる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ほうしょくできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōshoku dekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "飽食しよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ほうしょくしよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōshoku shiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "飽食しない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ほうしょくしない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōshoku shinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "飽食せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ほうしょくせず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōshoku sezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "飽食します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ほうしょくします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōshoku shimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "飽食した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ほうしょくした",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōshoku shita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "飽食して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ほうしょくして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōshoku shite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "飽食すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ほうしょくすれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōshoku sureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "18 82",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "satiate"
      ],
      "id": "en-飽食-ja-verb-WBZmzais",
      "links": [
        [
          "satiate",
          "satiate"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "飽食"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese suru verbs",
    "Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
    "Japanese verbs",
    "Japanese verbs without transitivity"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "飽食",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "飽",
          "ほう"
        ],
        [
          "食",
          "しょく"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōshoku",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ほうしょく"
      },
      "expansion": "飽(ほう)食(しょく) • (hōshoku)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "gluttony, satiation"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "gluttony",
          "gluttony"
        ],
        [
          "satiation",
          "satiation"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "飽食"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese suru verbs",
    "Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
    "Japanese verbs",
    "Japanese verbs without transitivity"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "飽食する",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "飽",
          "ほう"
        ],
        [
          "食",
          "しょく"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōshoku suru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "飽食し",
      "roman": "hōshoku shi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "飽",
          "ほう"
        ],
        [
          "食",
          "しょく"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "飽食した",
      "roman": "hōshoku shita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "飽",
          "ほう"
        ],
        [
          "食",
          "しょく"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "飽食し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ほうしょくし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōshoku shi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "飽食する",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ほうしょくする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōshoku suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "飽食すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ほうしょくすれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōshoku sure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "飽食せよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "飽食しろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ほうしょくせよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ほうしょくしろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōshoku seyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōshoku shiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "飽食される",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ほうしょくされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōshoku sareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "飽食させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "飽食さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ほうしょくさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ほうしょくさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōshoku saseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōshoku sasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "飽食できる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ほうしょくできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōshoku dekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "飽食しよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ほうしょくしよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōshoku shiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "飽食しない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ほうしょくしない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōshoku shinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "飽食せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ほうしょくせず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōshoku sezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "飽食します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ほうしょくします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōshoku shimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "飽食した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ほうしょくした",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōshoku shita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "飽食して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ほうしょくして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōshoku shite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "飽食すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ほうしょくすれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "hōshoku sureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "satiate"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "satiate",
          "satiate"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "飽食"
}
{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "飽食"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "飽食",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
  "path": [
    "飽食"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "飽食",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
  "path": [
    "飽食"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "飽食",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
  "path": [
    "飽食"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "飽食",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
  "path": [
    "飽食"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "飽食",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
  "path": [
    "飽食"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "飽食",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
  "path": [
    "飽食"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "飽食",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.