See 飛び越える in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grammatical shift"
},
"expansion": "(grammatical shift)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "飛び",
"3": "超ゆ",
"pos1": "the <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">連用形</i> (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">飛ぶ</i> (tobu, “to jump; to fly”)",
"pos2": "earlier form of modern <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">超える</i> (koeru, “to go acoss”)",
"t1": "jumping",
"t2": "to go across",
"tr1": "tobi",
"tr2": "koyu"
},
"expansion": "飛び (tobi, “jumping”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 飛ぶ (tobu, “to jump; to fly”)) + 超ゆ (koyu, “to go across”, earlier form of modern 超える (koeru, “to go acoss”))",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/tobikoju/ → (grammatical shift) /tobikojeru/ → /tobikoeru/\nFrom Old Japanese.\nCompound of 飛び (tobi, “jumping”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 飛ぶ (tobu, “to jump; to fly”)) + 超ゆ (koyu, “to go across”, earlier form of modern 超える (koeru, “to go acoss”)).\nThe 下二段 (shimo nidan, “lower bigrade”) verb koyu changed to the modern koeru via regular historical processes during roughly the Muromachi period.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "飛び越える",
"ruby": [
[
"飛",
"と"
],
[
"越",
"こ"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoeru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越え",
"roman": "tobikoe",
"ruby": [
[
"飛",
"と"
],
[
"越",
"こ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越えた",
"roman": "tobikoeta",
"ruby": [
[
"飛",
"と"
],
[
"越",
"こ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-ichi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越え",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "とびこえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越える",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "とびこえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越えれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "とびこえれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越えよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越えろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "とびこえよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "とびこえろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoeyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越えられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "とびこえられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越えさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越えさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "とびこえさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "とびこえさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoesaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoesasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越えられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越えれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "とびこえられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "とびこえれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoereru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越えよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "とびこえよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoeyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越えない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越えぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越えん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "とびこえない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "とびこえぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "とびこえん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoenai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoenu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越えず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "とびこえず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越えます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "とびこえます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoemasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越えた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "とびこえた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越えて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "とびこえて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越えれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "とびこえれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "とびこえる",
"tr": "intrans",
"type": "2"
},
"expansion": "飛(と)び越(こ)える • (tobikoeru) intransitive ichidan (stem 飛(と)び越(こ)え (tobikoe), past 飛(と)び越(こ)えた (tobikoeta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant alt parameters",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The horse cleared the fence.",
"roman": "Uma ga saku o tobikoemashita.",
"ruby": [
[
"馬",
"うま"
],
[
"柵",
"さく"
],
[
"飛",
"と"
],
[
"超",
"こ"
]
],
"text": "馬が柵を飛び超えました。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to jump (over)"
],
"id": "en-飛び越える-ja-verb-U6kc3sF~",
"links": [
[
"jump",
"jump"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "to jump into",
"roman": "tobikomu",
"ruby": [
[
"飛",
"と"
],
[
"込",
"こ"
]
],
"word": "飛び込む"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Muromachi period"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "とびこえる"
},
{
"ipa": "[to̞bʲiko̞e̞ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "飛び越える"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grammatical shift"
},
"expansion": "(grammatical shift)",
"name": "qualifier"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "飛び",
"3": "超ゆ",
"pos1": "the <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">連用形</i> (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">飛ぶ</i> (tobu, “to jump; to fly”)",
"pos2": "earlier form of modern <i class=\"Jpan mention\" lang=\"ja\">超える</i> (koeru, “to go acoss”)",
"t1": "jumping",
"t2": "to go across",
"tr1": "tobi",
"tr2": "koyu"
},
"expansion": "飛び (tobi, “jumping”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 飛ぶ (tobu, “to jump; to fly”)) + 超ゆ (koyu, “to go across”, earlier form of modern 超える (koeru, “to go acoss”))",
"name": "compound"
}
],
"etymology_text": "/tobikoju/ → (grammatical shift) /tobikojeru/ → /tobikoeru/\nFrom Old Japanese.\nCompound of 飛び (tobi, “jumping”, the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verb 飛ぶ (tobu, “to jump; to fly”)) + 超ゆ (koyu, “to go across”, earlier form of modern 超える (koeru, “to go acoss”)).\nThe 下二段 (shimo nidan, “lower bigrade”) verb koyu changed to the modern koeru via regular historical processes during roughly the Muromachi period.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "飛び越える",
"ruby": [
[
"飛",
"と"
],
[
"越",
"こ"
]
],
"tags": [
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]
},
{
"form": "tobikoeru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越え",
"roman": "tobikoe",
"ruby": [
[
"飛",
"と"
],
[
"越",
"こ"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越えた",
"roman": "tobikoeta",
"ruby": [
[
"飛",
"と"
],
[
"越",
"こ"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-ichi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越え",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "とびこえ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoe",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越える",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "とびこえる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoeru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越えれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "とびこえれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoere",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越えよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越えろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "とびこえよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "とびこえろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoeyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoero",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越えられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "とびこえられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越えさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越えさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "とびこえさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "とびこえさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoesaseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoesasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越えられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越えれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "とびこえられる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "とびこえれる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoerareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoereru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越えよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "とびこえよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoeyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越えない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越えぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越えん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "とびこえない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "とびこえぬ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "とびこえん",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoenai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoenu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoen",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越えず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "とびこえず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越えます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "とびこえます",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoemasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越えた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "とびこえた",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoeta",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越えて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "とびこえて",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoete",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "飛び越えれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "とびこえれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "tobikoereba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "とびこえる",
"tr": "intrans",
"type": "2"
},
"expansion": "飛(と)び越(こ)える • (tobikoeru) intransitive ichidan (stem 飛(と)び越(こ)え (tobikoe), past 飛(と)び越(こ)えた (tobikoeta))",
"name": "ja-verb"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"related": [
{
"english": "to jump into",
"roman": "tobikomu",
"ruby": [
[
"飛",
"と"
],
[
"込",
"こ"
]
],
"word": "飛び込む"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Japanese compound terms",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese ichidan verbs",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese shimo ichidan verbs",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with usage examples",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"examples": [
{
"english": "The horse cleared the fence.",
"roman": "Uma ga saku o tobikoemashita.",
"ruby": [
[
"馬",
"うま"
],
[
"柵",
"さく"
],
[
"飛",
"と"
],
[
"超",
"こ"
]
],
"text": "馬が柵を飛び超えました。",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to jump (over)"
],
"links": [
[
"jump",
"jump"
]
],
"wikipedia": [
"Muromachi period"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "とびこえる"
},
{
"ipa": "[to̞bʲiko̞e̞ɾɯ̟]"
}
],
"word": "飛び越える"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 飛び越える meaning in Japanese (8.3kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"飛び越える"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "飛び越える",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"飛び越える"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "飛び越える",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"飛び越える"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "飛び越える",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"飛び越える"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "飛び越える",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"飛び越える"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "飛び越える",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"飛び越える"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "飛び越える",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"飛び越える"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "飛び越える",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.