See 鍛錬 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "鍛錬",
"ruby": [
[
"鍛",
"たん"
],
[
"錬",
"れん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tanren",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "たんれん"
},
"expansion": "鍛(たん)錬(れん) • (tanren)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 12 11 12 30 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 15 10 10 28 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 11 13 14 29 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "37 13 15 12 13 9",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 10 12 12 26 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "28 14 17 14 15 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "41 12 14 11 13 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"physical exercise, work out"
],
"id": "en-鍛錬-ja-noun-iwXYYQCH",
"links": [
[
"physical",
"physical"
],
[
"exercise",
"exercise"
],
[
"work out",
"work out"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 12 11 12 30 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 15 10 10 28 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 11 13 14 29 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"temper, forgery"
],
"id": "en-鍛錬-ja-noun-m~gYOALe",
"links": [
[
"temper",
"temper"
],
[
"forgery",
"forgery"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 12 11 12 30 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 11 13 14 29 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"toughening"
],
"id": "en-鍛錬-ja-noun-OI7oFXwx",
"links": [
[
"toughening",
"toughening"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "たんれん"
},
{
"ipa": "[tã̠n̺ɾẽ̞ɴ]"
}
],
"word": "鍛錬"
}
{
"forms": [
{
"form": "鍛錬する",
"ruby": [
[
"鍛",
"たん"
],
[
"錬",
"れん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tanren suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛錬し",
"roman": "tanren shi",
"ruby": [
[
"鍛",
"たん"
],
[
"錬",
"れん"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛錬した",
"roman": "tanren shita",
"ruby": [
[
"鍛",
"たん"
],
[
"錬",
"れん"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛錬し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "たんれんし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tanren shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛錬する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "たんれんする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tanren suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛錬すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "たんれんすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tanren sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛錬せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛錬しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "たんれんせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "たんれんしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "tanren seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "tanren shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛錬される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "たんれんされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "tanren sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛錬させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛錬さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "たんれんさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "たんれんさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tanren saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tanren sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛錬できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "たんれんできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "tanren dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛錬しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "たんれんしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "tanren shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛錬しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "たんれんしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tanren shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛錬せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "たんれんせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tanren sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛錬します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "たんれんします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "tanren shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛錬した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "たんれんした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "tanren shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛錬して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "たんれんして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tanren shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛錬すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "たんれんすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "tanren sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "たんれん",
"tr": "both"
},
"expansion": "鍛(たん)錬(れん)する • (tanren suru) transitive or intransitive suru (stem 鍛(たん)錬(れん)し (tanren shi), past 鍛(たん)錬(れん)した (tanren shita))",
"name": "ja-verb-suru"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 12 11 12 30 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 15 10 10 28 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 11 13 14 29 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to do physical exercise"
],
"id": "en-鍛錬-ja-verb-iIeigDRi",
"links": [
[
"physical",
"physical"
],
[
"exercise",
"exercise"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "27 12 11 12 30 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "31 15 10 10 28 6",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "25 11 13 14 29 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
3,
8
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
9,
15
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "to forge steel",
"roman": "hagane o tanren suru",
"ruby": [
[
"鋼",
"はがね"
],
[
"鍛錬",
"たんれん"
]
],
"text": "鋼を鍛錬する",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"temper, to forge"
],
"id": "en-鍛錬-ja-verb-aOYp5nGI",
"links": [
[
"temper",
"temper"
],
[
"forge",
"forge"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to toughen"
],
"id": "en-鍛錬-ja-verb-SHX5r0sQ",
"links": [
[
"toughen",
"toughen"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "たんれん"
},
{
"ipa": "[tã̠n̺ɾẽ̞ɴ]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0",
"roman": "undō",
"ruby": [
[
"運動",
"うんどう"
]
],
"word": "運動"
}
],
"word": "鍛錬"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese transitive verbs",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "鍛錬",
"ruby": [
[
"鍛",
"たん"
],
[
"錬",
"れん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tanren",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "たんれん"
},
"expansion": "鍛(たん)錬(れん) • (tanren)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"physical exercise, work out"
],
"links": [
[
"physical",
"physical"
],
[
"exercise",
"exercise"
],
[
"work out",
"work out"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"temper, forgery"
],
"links": [
[
"temper",
"temper"
],
[
"forgery",
"forgery"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"toughening"
],
"links": [
[
"toughening",
"toughening"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "たんれん"
},
{
"ipa": "[tã̠n̺ɾẽ̞ɴ]"
}
],
"word": "鍛錬"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese transitive verbs",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries"
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "鍛錬する",
"ruby": [
[
"鍛",
"たん"
],
[
"錬",
"れん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tanren suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛錬し",
"roman": "tanren shi",
"ruby": [
[
"鍛",
"たん"
],
[
"錬",
"れん"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛錬した",
"roman": "tanren shita",
"ruby": [
[
"鍛",
"たん"
],
[
"錬",
"れん"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛錬し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "たんれんし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tanren shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛錬する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "たんれんする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tanren suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛錬すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "たんれんすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tanren sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛錬せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛錬しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "たんれんせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "たんれんしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "tanren seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "tanren shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛錬される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "たんれんされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "tanren sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛錬させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛錬さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "たんれんさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "たんれんさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tanren saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tanren sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛錬できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "たんれんできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "tanren dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛錬しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "たんれんしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "tanren shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛錬しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "たんれんしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tanren shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛錬せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "たんれんせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tanren sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛錬します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "たんれんします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "tanren shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛錬した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "たんれんした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "tanren shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛錬して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "たんれんして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tanren shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "鍛錬すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "たんれんすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "tanren sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "たんれん",
"tr": "both"
},
"expansion": "鍛(たん)錬(れん)する • (tanren suru) transitive or intransitive suru (stem 鍛(たん)錬(れん)し (tanren shi), past 鍛(たん)錬(れん)した (tanren shita))",
"name": "ja-verb-suru"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to do physical exercise"
],
"links": [
[
"physical",
"physical"
],
[
"exercise",
"exercise"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"Japanese terms with usage examples"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_english_offsets": [
[
3,
8
]
],
"bold_roman_offsets": [
[
9,
15
]
],
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
2,
4
]
],
"english": "to forge steel",
"roman": "hagane o tanren suru",
"ruby": [
[
"鋼",
"はがね"
],
[
"鍛錬",
"たんれん"
]
],
"text": "鋼を鍛錬する",
"type": "example"
}
],
"glosses": [
"temper, to forge"
],
"links": [
[
"temper",
"temper"
],
[
"forge",
"forge"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to toughen"
],
"links": [
[
"toughen",
"toughen"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "たんれん"
},
{
"ipa": "[tã̠n̺ɾẽ̞ɴ]"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"roman": "undō",
"ruby": [
[
"運動",
"うんどう"
]
],
"word": "運動"
}
],
"word": "鍛錬"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 鍛錬 meaning in Japanese (7.4kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"鍛錬"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "鍛錬",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"鍛錬"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "鍛錬",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"鍛錬"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "鍛錬",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"鍛錬"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "鍛錬",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"鍛錬"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "鍛錬",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"鍛錬"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "鍛錬",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"鍛錬"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "鍛錬",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (a4e883e and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.