See 通勤 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "通う",
"2": "かよ.う",
"3": "to regularly visit"
},
"expansion": "通(かよ)う (kayou, “to regularly visit”)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "勤め",
"2": "つとめ"
},
"expansion": "勤(つと)め (tsutome)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "勤務",
"2": "きんむ",
"3": "job, occupation"
},
"expansion": "勤務(きんむ) (kinmu, “job, occupation”)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Coined after 通(かよ)う (kayou, “to regularly visit”) and 勤(つと)め (tsutome) or 勤務(きんむ) (kinmu, “job, occupation”). Kanji shifted to on'yomi in the compound.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "通勤",
"ruby": [
[
"通",
"つう"
],
[
"勤",
"きん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkin",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "つうきん"
},
"expansion": "通(つう)勤(きん) • (tsūkin)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"commuting to work"
],
"id": "en-通勤-ja-noun-w69qfIkt",
"links": [
[
"commuting",
"commuting"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "つうきん"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨːkʲĩɴ]"
}
],
"word": "通勤"
}
{
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "通う",
"2": "かよ.う",
"3": "to regularly visit"
},
"expansion": "通(かよ)う (kayou, “to regularly visit”)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "勤め",
"2": "つとめ"
},
"expansion": "勤(つと)め (tsutome)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "勤務",
"2": "きんむ",
"3": "job, occupation"
},
"expansion": "勤務(きんむ) (kinmu, “job, occupation”)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Coined after 通(かよ)う (kayou, “to regularly visit”) and 勤(つと)め (tsutome) or 勤務(きんむ) (kinmu, “job, occupation”). Kanji shifted to on'yomi in the compound.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "通勤する",
"ruby": [
[
"通",
"つう"
],
[
"勤",
"きん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkin suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "通勤し",
"roman": "tsūkin shi",
"ruby": [
[
"通",
"つう"
],
[
"勤",
"きん"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "通勤した",
"roman": "tsūkin shita",
"ruby": [
[
"通",
"つう"
],
[
"勤",
"きん"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "通勤し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "つうきんし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkin shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "通勤する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "つうきんする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkin suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "通勤すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "つうきんすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkin sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "通勤せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "通勤しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "つうきんせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "つうきんしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkin seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkin shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "通勤される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "つうきんされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkin sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "通勤させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "通勤さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "つうきんさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "つうきんさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkin saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkin sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "通勤できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "つうきんできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkin dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "通勤しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "つうきんしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkin shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "通勤しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つうきんしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkin shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "通勤せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つうきんせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkin sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "通勤します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "つうきんします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkin shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "通勤した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "つうきんした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkin shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "通勤して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "つうきんして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkin shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "通勤すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "つうきんすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkin sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "15 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"commute to work, go to work"
],
"id": "en-通勤-ja-verb-A729XhSd",
"links": [
[
"commute",
"commute"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "つうきん"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨːkʲĩɴ]"
}
],
"word": "通勤"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "通う",
"2": "かよ.う",
"3": "to regularly visit"
},
"expansion": "通(かよ)う (kayou, “to regularly visit”)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "勤め",
"2": "つとめ"
},
"expansion": "勤(つと)め (tsutome)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "勤務",
"2": "きんむ",
"3": "job, occupation"
},
"expansion": "勤務(きんむ) (kinmu, “job, occupation”)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Coined after 通(かよ)う (kayou, “to regularly visit”) and 勤(つと)め (tsutome) or 勤務(きんむ) (kinmu, “job, occupation”). Kanji shifted to on'yomi in the compound.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "通勤",
"ruby": [
[
"通",
"つう"
],
[
"勤",
"きん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkin",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "つうきん"
},
"expansion": "通(つう)勤(きん) • (tsūkin)",
"name": "ja-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"commuting to work"
],
"links": [
[
"commuting",
"commuting"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "つうきん"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨːkʲĩɴ]"
}
],
"word": "通勤"
}
{
"categories": [
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese intransitive verbs",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese nouns",
"Japanese suru verbs",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms spelled with sixth grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese verbs",
"Pages with 2 entries",
"Pages with entries"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "通う",
"2": "かよ.う",
"3": "to regularly visit"
},
"expansion": "通(かよ)う (kayou, “to regularly visit”)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "勤め",
"2": "つとめ"
},
"expansion": "勤(つと)め (tsutome)",
"name": "ja-r"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "勤務",
"2": "きんむ",
"3": "job, occupation"
},
"expansion": "勤務(きんむ) (kinmu, “job, occupation”)",
"name": "ja-r"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Coined after 通(かよ)う (kayou, “to regularly visit”) and 勤(つと)め (tsutome) or 勤務(きんむ) (kinmu, “job, occupation”). Kanji shifted to on'yomi in the compound.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "通勤する",
"ruby": [
[
"通",
"つう"
],
[
"勤",
"きん"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkin suru",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "通勤し",
"roman": "tsūkin shi",
"ruby": [
[
"通",
"つう"
],
[
"勤",
"きん"
]
],
"tags": [
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "通勤した",
"roman": "tsūkin shita",
"ruby": [
[
"通",
"つう"
],
[
"勤",
"きん"
]
],
"tags": [
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "通勤し",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "つうきんし",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkin shi",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "通勤する",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "つうきんする",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkin suru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "通勤すれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "つうきんすれ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkin sure",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form"
]
},
{
"form": "通勤せよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "通勤しろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "つうきんせよ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "つうきんしろ",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkin seyo",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative",
"literary"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkin shiro",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"colloquial",
"error-unrecognized-form",
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "通勤される",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "つうきんされる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkin sareru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"passive"
]
},
{
"form": "通勤させる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "通勤さす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "つうきんさせる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "つうきんさす",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkin saseru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkin sasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"causative"
]
},
{
"form": "通勤できる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "つうきんできる",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkin dekiru",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"potential"
]
},
{
"form": "通勤しよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "つうきんしよう",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkin shiyō",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "通勤しない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つうきんしない",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkin shinai",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "通勤せず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "つうきんせず",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkin sezu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "通勤します",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "つうきんします",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkin shimasu",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "通勤した",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "つうきんした",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkin shita",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"perfective"
]
},
{
"form": "通勤して",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "つうきんして",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkin shite",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "通勤すれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "つうきんすれば",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "tsūkin sureba",
"source": "conjugation",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"hypothetical"
]
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "verb",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"commute to work, go to work"
],
"links": [
[
"commute",
"commute"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "つうきん"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡sɨːkʲĩɴ]"
}
],
"word": "通勤"
}
Download raw JSONL data for 通勤 meaning in Japanese (7.5kB)
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"通勤"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "通勤",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
"path": [
"通勤"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "通勤",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
"path": [
"通勤"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "通勤",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
"path": [
"通勤"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "通勤",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
"path": [
"通勤"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "通勤",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
"path": [
"通勤"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "通勤",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "inflection/735",
"msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
"path": [
"通勤"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "verb",
"title": "通勤",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (0c0c1f1 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.