See 近い in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for 近い meaning in Japanese (9.4kB)
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "distant",
"roman": "tōi",
"ruby": [
[
"遠",
"とお"
]
],
"word": "遠い"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "ちかい"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*tika",
"sort": "ちかい"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *tika",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *tika.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "近い",
"ruby": [
[
"近",
"ちか"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "chikai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "近く",
"roman": "chikaku",
"ruby": [
[
"近",
"ちか"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "近かろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ちかかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "chikakaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "近く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ちかく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "chikaku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "近い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ちかい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "chikai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "近い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ちかい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "chikai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "近けれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ちかけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "chikakere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "近かれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ちかかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "chikakare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "近くない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ちかくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "chikaku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "近かった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ちかかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chikakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "近くなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ちかくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chikaku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "近いです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ちかいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "chikai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "近くないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ちかくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "chikaku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "近かったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ちかかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chikakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "近くなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ちかくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chikaku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "近くて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ちかくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chikakute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "近ければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ちかければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "chikakereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "近かったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ちかかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chikakattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "近かろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ちかかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "chikakarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "近く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "ちかく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "chikaku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "近さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "ちかさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "chikasa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ちかい",
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "近(ちか)い • (chikai) -i (adverbial 近(ちか)く (chikaku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "ちか",
"lemma": "近",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"near, close to (in space)"
],
"id": "en-近い-ja-adj-e3xPOO~n",
"links": [
[
"near",
"near"
],
[
"close",
"close"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 14 5 36 5 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 25 4 31 4 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 26 3 32 4 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"near (in time), at hand"
],
"id": "en-近い-ja-adj-6nuTMoCz",
"links": [
[
"at hand",
"at hand"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"close, closely related"
],
"id": "en-近い-ja-adj-aW7QbZJq",
"links": [
[
"related",
"related"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "7 11 3 45 5 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "9 18 6 37 7 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
"parents": [
"Links with manual fragments",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 13 4 43 5 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"parents": [
"Links with redundant wikilinks",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 14 5 36 5 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 25 4 31 4 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 26 3 32 4 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"near, not far off (in amount)"
],
"id": "en-近い-ja-adj-LYunPM5B",
"links": [
[
"far off",
"far off"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"similar in appearance, form, color, shape, etc."
],
"id": "en-近い-ja-adj-CiKENHpr",
"links": [
[
"similar",
"similar"
],
[
"appearance",
"appearance"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "8 14 5 36 5 32",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "8 25 4 31 4 28",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 26 3 32 4 30",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"close, on good terms with"
],
"id": "en-近い-ja-adj-JOvuZNAA",
"links": [
[
"on good terms with",
"on good terms with"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ちかい"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡ɕi̥ka̠i]"
}
],
"word": "近い"
}
{
"antonyms": [
{
"english": "distant",
"roman": "tōi",
"ruby": [
[
"遠",
"とお"
]
],
"word": "遠い"
}
],
"categories": [
"Japanese adjectives",
"Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
"Japanese lemmas",
"Japanese links with manual fragments",
"Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
"Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
"Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
"Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
"Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
"Japanese terms written with one Han script character",
"Japanese い-i adjectives"
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "ojp",
"3": "-",
"sort": "ちかい"
},
"expansion": "Old Japanese",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ja",
"2": "jpx-pro",
"3": "*tika",
"sort": "ちかい"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Japonic *tika",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *tika.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "近い",
"ruby": [
[
"近",
"ちか"
]
],
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "chikai",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "近く",
"roman": "chikaku",
"ruby": [
[
"近",
"ちか"
]
],
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ja-i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "近かろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ちかかろ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "chikakaro",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperfective"
]
},
{
"form": "近く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ちかく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "chikaku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"continuative"
]
},
{
"form": "近い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "ちかい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"stem",
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "chikai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"terminative"
]
},
{
"form": "近い",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ちかい",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "chikai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"attributive"
]
},
{
"form": "近けれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ちかけれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "chikakere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"hypothetical"
]
},
{
"form": "近かれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "ちかかれ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative",
"stem"
]
},
{
"form": "chikakare",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"imperative"
]
},
{
"form": "近くない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ちかくない",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "chikaku nai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "近かった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ちかかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chikakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "近くなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ちかくなかった",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chikaku nakatta",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"informal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "近いです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "ちかいです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "chikai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal"
]
},
{
"form": "近くないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "ちかくないです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "chikaku nai desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative"
]
},
{
"form": "近かったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ちかかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chikakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "近くなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ちかくなかったです",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chikaku nakatta desu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"formal",
"negative",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "近くて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "ちかくて",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "chikakute",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conjunctive"
]
},
{
"form": "近ければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "ちかければ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "chikakereba",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional"
]
},
{
"form": "近かったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "ちかかったら",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "chikakattara",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"conditional",
"past"
]
},
{
"form": "近かろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "ちかかろう",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "chikakarō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"volitional"
]
},
{
"form": "近く",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "ちかく",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "chikaku",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"adverbial"
]
},
{
"form": "近さ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "ちかさ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
},
{
"form": "chikasa",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"noun-from-adj"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ちかい",
"infl": "i"
},
"expansion": "近(ちか)い • (chikai) -i (adverbial 近(ちか)く (chikaku))",
"name": "ja-adj"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"adverbial": "く",
"attributive": "い",
"conditional": "ければ",
"conjunctive": "くて",
"continuative": "く",
"degree": "さ",
"formal": "い です",
"formal_negative": "く ない です",
"formal_negative_past": "く なかった です",
"formal_past": "かった です",
"hypothetical": "けれ",
"imperative": "かれ",
"imperfective": "かろ",
"informal_negative": "く ない",
"informal_negative_past": "く なかった",
"informal_past": "かった",
"kana": "ちか",
"lemma": "近",
"provisional": "かったら",
"terminal": "い",
"volitional": "かろう"
},
"name": "ja-adj-infl"
}
],
"lang": "Japanese",
"lang_code": "ja",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"near, close to (in space)"
],
"links": [
[
"near",
"near"
],
[
"close",
"close"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"near (in time), at hand"
],
"links": [
[
"at hand",
"at hand"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"close, closely related"
],
"links": [
[
"related",
"related"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"near, not far off (in amount)"
],
"links": [
[
"far off",
"far off"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"similar in appearance, form, color, shape, etc."
],
"links": [
[
"similar",
"similar"
],
[
"appearance",
"appearance"
]
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"close, on good terms with"
],
"links": [
[
"on good terms with",
"on good terms with"
]
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"other": "ちかい"
},
{
"ipa": "[t͡ɕi̥ka̠i]"
}
],
"word": "近い"
}
{
"called_from": "parser/1336",
"msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
"path": [
"近い"
],
"section": "Japanese",
"subsection": "adjective",
"title": "近い",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-04-30 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-04-21 using wiktextract (210104c and c9440ce). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.