See 荒瘠 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{ "antonyms": [ { "english": "productive, fertile", "roman": "hiyoku", "ruby": [ [ "肥", "ひ" ], [ "沃", "よく" ] ], "word": "肥沃" }, { "english": "productive, fertile", "roman": "hōyoku", "ruby": [ [ "豊沃", "ほうよく" ] ], "word": "豊沃" } ], "forms": [ { "form": "荒瘠", "ruby": [ [ "荒", "こう" ], [ "瘠", "せき" ] ], "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "kōseki", "tags": [ "romanization" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠な", "roman": "kōseki na", "ruby": [ [ "荒", "こう" ], [ "瘠", "せき" ] ], "tags": [ "adnominal" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠に", "roman": "kōseki ni", "ruby": [ [ "荒", "こう" ], [ "瘠", "せき" ] ], "tags": [ "adverbial" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "ja-na", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠だろ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperfective", "stem" ] }, { "form": "こうせきだろ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperfective", "stem" ] }, { "form": "kōseki daro", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperfective" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠で", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "continuative", "stem" ] }, { "form": "こうせきで", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "continuative", "stem" ] }, { "form": "kōseki de", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "continuative" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠だ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "stem", "terminative" ] }, { "form": "こうせきだ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "stem", "terminative" ] }, { "form": "kōseki da", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "terminative" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠な", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "attributive", "stem" ] }, { "form": "こうせきな", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "attributive", "stem" ] }, { "form": "kōseki na", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "attributive" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠なら", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "hypothetical", "stem" ] }, { "form": "こうせきなら", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "hypothetical", "stem" ] }, { "form": "kōseki nara", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "hypothetical" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠であれ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperative", "stem" ] }, { "form": "こうせきであれ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperative", "stem" ] }, { "form": "kōseki de are", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperative" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠ではない", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠じゃない", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "こうせきではない", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "こうせきじゃない", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "kōseki de wa nai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "kōseki ja nai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠だった", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "past" ] }, { "form": "こうせきだった", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "past" ] }, { "form": "kōseki datta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "past" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠ではなかった", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠じゃなかった", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "こうせきではなかった", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "こうせきじゃなかった", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "kōseki de wa nakatta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "kōseki ja nakatta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠です", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal" ] }, { "form": "こうせきです", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal" ] }, { "form": "kōseki desu", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠ではありません", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠じゃありません", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "こうせきではありません", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "こうせきじゃありません", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "kōseki de wa arimasen", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "kōseki ja arimasen", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠でした", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "past" ] }, { "form": "こうせきでした", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "past" ] }, { "form": "kōseki deshita", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "past" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠ではありませんでした", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠じゃありませんでした", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "こうせきではありませんでした", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "こうせきじゃありませんでした", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "kōseki de wa arimasen deshita", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "kōseki ja arimasen deshita", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠で", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conjunctive" ] }, { "form": "こうせきで", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conjunctive" ] }, { "form": "kōseki de", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conjunctive" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠なら(ば)", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conditional" ] }, { "form": "こうせきなら(ば)", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conditional" ] }, { "form": "kōseki nara (ba)", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conditional" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠だったら", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conditional", "past" ] }, { "form": "こうせきだったら", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conditional", "past" ] }, { "form": "kōseki dattara", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conditional", "past" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠だろう", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "volitional" ] }, { "form": "こうせきだろう", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "volitional" ] }, { "form": "kōseki darō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "volitional" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠に", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "adverbial" ] }, { "form": "こうせきに", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "adverbial" ] }, { "form": "kōseki ni", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "adverbial" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠さ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "noun-from-adj" ] }, { "form": "こうせきさ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "noun-from-adj" ] }, { "form": "kōsekisa", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "noun-from-adj" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "こうせき", "infl": "na" }, "expansion": "荒(こう)瘠(せき) • (kōseki) -na (adnominal 荒(こう)瘠(せき)な (kōseki na), adverbial 荒(こう)瘠(せき)に (kōseki ni))", "name": "ja-adj" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "adverbial": ". に", "attributive": ". な", "conditional": ". なら(ば)", "conjunctive": ". で", "continuative": ". で", "degree": "さ", "formal": ". です", "formal_negative": ". で は ありません", "formal_negative2": ". じゃ ありません", "formal_negative_past": ". で は ありません でした", "formal_negative_past2": ". じゃ ありません でした", "formal_past": ". でした", "hypothetical": ". なら", "imperative": ". で あれ", "imperfective": ". だろ", "informal_negative": ". で は ない", "informal_negative2": ". じゃ ない", "informal_negative_past": ". で は なかった", "informal_negative_past2": ". じゃ なかった", "informal_past": ". だった", "kana": "こうせき", "lemma": "荒瘠", "provisional": ". だったら", "terminal": ". だ", "volitional": ". だろう" }, "name": "ja-adj-infl" } ], "lang": "Japanese", "lang_code": "ja", "pos": "adj", "senses": [ { "categories": [], "derived": [ { "english": "barren and salty", "roman": "kōsekisekiro", "ruby": [ [ "荒", "こう" ], [ "瘠", "せき" ], [ "斥", "せき" ], [ "鹵", "ろ" ] ], "word": "荒瘠斥鹵" } ], "examples": [ { "bold_english_offsets": [ [ 2, 8 ] ], "bold_roman_offsets": [ [ 0, 6 ] ], "bold_text_offsets": [ [ 0, 2 ] ], "english": "a barren land", "roman": "kōseki no chi", "ruby": [ [ "荒", "こう" ], [ "瘠", "せき" ], [ "地", "ち" ] ], "text": "荒瘠の地", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "barren, desolate, sterile" ], "id": "en-荒瘠-ja-adj-TBYNJ7GK", "links": [ [ "barren", "barren" ], [ "desolate", "desolate" ], [ "sterile", "sterile" ] ], "synonyms": [ { "roman": "fumō", "ruby": [ [ "不", "ふ" ], [ "毛", "もう" ] ], "word": "不毛" } ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "[ko̞ːse̞kʲi]" } ], "word": "荒瘠" } { "forms": [ { "form": "荒瘠", "ruby": [ [ "荒", "こう" ], [ "瘠", "せき" ] ], "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "kōseki", "tags": [ "romanization" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "こうせき" }, "expansion": "荒(こう)瘠(せき) • (kōseki)", "name": "ja-noun" } ], "lang": "Japanese", "lang_code": "ja", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "_dis": "9 91", "kind": "other", "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "21 79", "kind": "other", "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "17 83", "kind": "other", "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "40 60", "kind": "other", "name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" }, { "_dis": "15 85", "kind": "other", "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys", "parents": [], "source": "w+disamb" } ], "glosses": [ "barrenness, sterility" ], "id": "en-荒瘠-ja-noun-3Yu70fF5", "links": [ [ "barrenness", "barrenness" ], [ "sterility", "sterility" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "[ko̞ːse̞kʲi]" } ], "word": "荒瘠" }
{ "antonyms": [ { "english": "productive, fertile", "roman": "hiyoku", "ruby": [ [ "肥", "ひ" ], [ "沃", "よく" ] ], "word": "肥沃" }, { "english": "productive, fertile", "roman": "hōyoku", "ruby": [ [ "豊沃", "ほうよく" ] ], "word": "豊沃" } ], "categories": [ "Japanese adjectives", "Japanese entries with incorrect language header", "Japanese lemmas", "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters", "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks", "Japanese nouns", "Japanese terms spelled with hyōgai kanji", "Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji", "Japanese terms with 2 kanji", "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent", "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys", "Japanese な-na adjectives", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries" ], "derived": [ { "english": "barren and salty", "roman": "kōsekisekiro", "ruby": [ [ "荒", "こう" ], [ "瘠", "せき" ], [ "斥", "せき" ], [ "鹵", "ろ" ] ], "word": "荒瘠斥鹵" } ], "forms": [ { "form": "荒瘠", "ruby": [ [ "荒", "こう" ], [ "瘠", "せき" ] ], "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "kōseki", "tags": [ "romanization" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠な", "roman": "kōseki na", "ruby": [ [ "荒", "こう" ], [ "瘠", "せき" ] ], "tags": [ "adnominal" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠に", "roman": "kōseki ni", "ruby": [ [ "荒", "こう" ], [ "瘠", "せき" ] ], "tags": [ "adverbial" ] }, { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "ja-na", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠だろ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperfective", "stem" ] }, { "form": "こうせきだろ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperfective", "stem" ] }, { "form": "kōseki daro", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperfective" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠で", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "continuative", "stem" ] }, { "form": "こうせきで", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "continuative", "stem" ] }, { "form": "kōseki de", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "continuative" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠だ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "stem", "terminative" ] }, { "form": "こうせきだ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "stem", "terminative" ] }, { "form": "kōseki da", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "terminative" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠な", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "attributive", "stem" ] }, { "form": "こうせきな", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "attributive", "stem" ] }, { "form": "kōseki na", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "attributive" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠なら", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "hypothetical", "stem" ] }, { "form": "こうせきなら", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "hypothetical", "stem" ] }, { "form": "kōseki nara", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "hypothetical" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠であれ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperative", "stem" ] }, { "form": "こうせきであれ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperative", "stem" ] }, { "form": "kōseki de are", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "imperative" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠ではない", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠じゃない", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "こうせきではない", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "こうせきじゃない", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "kōseki de wa nai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "kōseki ja nai", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠だった", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "past" ] }, { "form": "こうせきだった", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "past" ] }, { "form": "kōseki datta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "past" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠ではなかった", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠じゃなかった", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "こうせきではなかった", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "こうせきじゃなかった", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "kōseki de wa nakatta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "kōseki ja nakatta", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "informal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠です", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal" ] }, { "form": "こうせきです", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal" ] }, { "form": "kōseki desu", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠ではありません", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠じゃありません", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "こうせきではありません", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "こうせきじゃありません", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "kōseki de wa arimasen", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "kōseki ja arimasen", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠でした", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "past" ] }, { "form": "こうせきでした", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "past" ] }, { "form": "kōseki deshita", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "past" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠ではありませんでした", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠じゃありませんでした", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "こうせきではありませんでした", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "こうせきじゃありませんでした", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "kōseki de wa arimasen deshita", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "kōseki ja arimasen deshita", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "formal", "negative", "past" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠で", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conjunctive" ] }, { "form": "こうせきで", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conjunctive" ] }, { "form": "kōseki de", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conjunctive" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠なら(ば)", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conditional" ] }, { "form": "こうせきなら(ば)", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conditional" ] }, { "form": "kōseki nara (ba)", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conditional" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠だったら", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conditional", "past" ] }, { "form": "こうせきだったら", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conditional", "past" ] }, { "form": "kōseki dattara", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "conditional", "past" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠だろう", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "volitional" ] }, { "form": "こうせきだろう", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "volitional" ] }, { "form": "kōseki darō", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "volitional" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠に", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "adverbial" ] }, { "form": "こうせきに", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "adverbial" ] }, { "form": "kōseki ni", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "adverbial" ] }, { "form": "荒瘠さ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "noun-from-adj" ] }, { "form": "こうせきさ", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "noun-from-adj" ] }, { "form": "kōsekisa", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "noun-from-adj" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "こうせき", "infl": "na" }, "expansion": "荒(こう)瘠(せき) • (kōseki) -na (adnominal 荒(こう)瘠(せき)な (kōseki na), adverbial 荒(こう)瘠(せき)に (kōseki ni))", "name": "ja-adj" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "adverbial": ". に", "attributive": ". な", "conditional": ". なら(ば)", "conjunctive": ". で", "continuative": ". で", "degree": "さ", "formal": ". です", "formal_negative": ". で は ありません", "formal_negative2": ". じゃ ありません", "formal_negative_past": ". で は ありません でした", "formal_negative_past2": ". じゃ ありません でした", "formal_past": ". でした", "hypothetical": ". なら", "imperative": ". で あれ", "imperfective": ". だろ", "informal_negative": ". で は ない", "informal_negative2": ". じゃ ない", "informal_negative_past": ". で は なかった", "informal_negative_past2": ". じゃ なかった", "informal_past": ". だった", "kana": "こうせき", "lemma": "荒瘠", "provisional": ". だったら", "terminal": ". だ", "volitional": ". だろう" }, "name": "ja-adj-infl" } ], "lang": "Japanese", "lang_code": "ja", "pos": "adj", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Japanese terms with usage examples" ], "examples": [ { "bold_english_offsets": [ [ 2, 8 ] ], "bold_roman_offsets": [ [ 0, 6 ] ], "bold_text_offsets": [ [ 0, 2 ] ], "english": "a barren land", "roman": "kōseki no chi", "ruby": [ [ "荒", "こう" ], [ "瘠", "せき" ], [ "地", "ち" ] ], "text": "荒瘠の地", "type": "example" } ], "glosses": [ "barren, desolate, sterile" ], "links": [ [ "barren", "barren" ], [ "desolate", "desolate" ], [ "sterile", "sterile" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "[ko̞ːse̞kʲi]" } ], "synonyms": [ { "roman": "fumō", "ruby": [ [ "不", "ふ" ], [ "毛", "もう" ] ], "word": "不毛" } ], "word": "荒瘠" } { "categories": [ "Japanese adjectives", "Japanese entries with incorrect language header", "Japanese lemmas", "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters", "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks", "Japanese nouns", "Japanese terms spelled with hyōgai kanji", "Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji", "Japanese terms with 2 kanji", "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation", "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation missing pitch accent", "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys", "Japanese な-na adjectives", "Pages with 2 entries", "Pages with entries" ], "forms": [ { "form": "荒瘠", "ruby": [ [ "荒", "こう" ], [ "瘠", "せき" ] ], "tags": [ "canonical" ] }, { "form": "kōseki", "tags": [ "romanization" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "こうせき" }, "expansion": "荒(こう)瘠(せき) • (kōseki)", "name": "ja-noun" } ], "lang": "Japanese", "lang_code": "ja", "pos": "noun", "senses": [ { "glosses": [ "barrenness, sterility" ], "links": [ [ "barrenness", "barrenness" ], [ "sterility", "sterility" ] ] } ], "sounds": [ { "ipa": "[ko̞ːse̞kʲi]" } ], "word": "荒瘠" }
Download raw JSONL data for 荒瘠 meaning in Japanese (10.2kB)
{ "called_from": "parser/1336", "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>", "path": [ "荒瘠" ], "section": "Japanese", "subsection": "adjective", "title": "荒瘠", "trace": "" } { "called_from": "parser/1336", "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>", "path": [ "荒瘠" ], "section": "Japanese", "subsection": "noun", "title": "荒瘠", "trace": "" }
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-07-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-07-01 using wiktextract (45c4a21 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.