"苦行" meaning in Japanese

See 苦行 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [kɯ̟ɡʲo̞ː] Forms: 苦行 [canonical] (ruby: 苦(く), 行(ぎょう)), kugyō [romanization], kugyau [romanization], くぎやう [hiragana, historical]
Head templates: {{ja-noun|くぎょう|hhira=くぎやう}} 苦(く)行(ぎょう) • (kugyō) ^(←くぎやう (kugyau)?)
  1. strenuous work
    Sense id: en-苦行-ja-noun-bFUxop4m Categories (other): Japanese terms with 2 kanji Disambiguation of Japanese terms with 2 kanji: 13 31 23 33
  2. (Buddhism) practicing asceticism
    Sense id: en-苦行-ja-noun-jhkJUhLr Categories (other): Buddhism, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with 2 kanji, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys, Japanese verbs without transitivity Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 24 18 6 17 15 20 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 24 18 7 17 15 20 Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 5 38 23 34 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 5 37 24 33 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 6 35 27 32 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with 2 kanji: 13 31 23 33 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 6 35 27 32 Disambiguation of Japanese verbs without transitivity: 8 33 24 36 Topics: Buddhism, lifestyle, religion

Verb

IPA: [kɯ̟ɡʲo̞ː]
Head templates: {{ja-verb-suru|くぎょう|hhira=くぎやう}} 苦(く)行(ぎょう)する • (kugyō suru) ^(←くぎやう (kugyau)?)suru (stem 苦(く)行(ぎょう)し (kugyō shi), past 苦(く)行(ぎょう)した (kugyō shita)) Forms: 苦行する [canonical] (ruby: 苦(く), 行(ぎょう)), kugyō suru [romanization], kugyau [romanization], 苦行し [stem] (ruby: 苦(く), 行(ぎょう)), 苦行した [past] (ruby: 苦(く), 行(ぎょう)), no-table-tags [table-tags], 苦行し [error-unrecognized-form], くぎょうし [error-unrecognized-form], kugyō shi [error-unrecognized-form], 苦行する [error-unrecognized-form], くぎょうする [error-unrecognized-form], kugyō suru [error-unrecognized-form], 苦行すれ [error-unrecognized-form], くぎょうすれ [error-unrecognized-form], kugyō sure [error-unrecognized-form], 苦行せよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], 苦行しろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], くぎょうせよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], くぎょうしろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], kugyō seyo [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], kugyō shiro [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], 苦行される [passive], くぎょうされる [passive], kugyō sareru [passive], 苦行させる [causative], 苦行さす [causative], くぎょうさせる [causative], くぎょうさす [causative], kugyō saseru [causative], kugyō sasu [causative], 苦行できる [potential], くぎょうできる [potential], kugyō dekiru [potential], 苦行しよう [volitional], くぎょうしよう [volitional], kugyō shiyō [volitional], 苦行しない [negative], くぎょうしない [negative], kugyō shinai [negative], 苦行せず [continuative, negative], くぎょうせず [continuative, negative], kugyō sezu [continuative, negative], 苦行します [formal], くぎょうします [formal], kugyō shimasu [formal], 苦行した [perfective], くぎょうした [perfective], kugyō shita [perfective], 苦行して [conjunctive], くぎょうして [conjunctive], kugyō shite [conjunctive], 苦行すれば [conditional, hypothetical], くぎょうすれば [conditional, hypothetical], kugyō sureba [conditional, hypothetical]
  1. to do strenuous work
    Sense id: en-苦行-ja-verb-rklXZ3XM Categories (other): Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with 2 kanji, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys, Japanese verbs without transitivity Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 24 18 6 17 15 20 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 24 18 7 17 15 20 Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 5 38 23 34 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 5 37 24 33 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 6 35 27 32 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with 2 kanji: 13 31 23 33 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 6 35 27 32 Disambiguation of Japanese verbs without transitivity: 8 33 24 36
  2. (Buddhism) to follow ascetic practices
    Sense id: en-苦行-ja-verb-~LCav-1S Categories (other): Buddhism, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with 2 kanji, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys, Japanese verbs without transitivity Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 24 18 6 17 15 20 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 24 18 7 17 15 20 Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 5 38 23 34 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 5 37 24 33 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 6 35 27 32 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with 2 kanji: 13 31 23 33 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 6 35 27 32 Disambiguation of Japanese verbs without transitivity: 8 33 24 36 Topics: Buddhism, lifestyle, religion
     
{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "苦行",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "苦",
          "く"
        ],
        [
          "行",
          "ぎょう"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyō",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyau",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くぎやう",
      "roman": "kugyau",
      "tags": [
        "hiragana",
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "くぎょう",
        "hhira": "くぎやう"
      },
      "expansion": "苦(く)行(ぎょう) • (kugyō) ^(←くぎやう (kugyau)?)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "13 31 23 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "strenuous work"
      ],
      "id": "en-苦行-ja-noun-bFUxop4m",
      "links": [
        [
          "strenuous",
          "strenuous"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Buddhism",
          "orig": "ja:Buddhism",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 18 6 17 15 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 18 7 17 15 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 38 23 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 37 24 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 35 27 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 31 23 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 35 27 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 33 24 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "practicing asceticism"
      ],
      "id": "en-苦行-ja-noun-jhkJUhLr",
      "links": [
        [
          "Buddhism",
          "Buddhism"
        ],
        [
          "practic",
          "practice"
        ],
        [
          "asceticism",
          "asceticism"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Buddhism) practicing asceticism"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "Buddhism",
        "lifestyle",
        "religion"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "くぎょー"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kɯ̟ɡʲo̞ː]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "苦行"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "苦行する",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "苦",
          "く"
        ],
        [
          "行",
          "ぎょう"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyō suru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyau",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦行し",
      "roman": "kugyō shi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "苦",
          "く"
        ],
        [
          "行",
          "ぎょう"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦行した",
      "roman": "kugyō shita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "苦",
          "く"
        ],
        [
          "行",
          "ぎょう"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦行し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くぎょうし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyō shi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦行する",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くぎょうする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyō suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦行すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くぎょうすれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyō sure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦行せよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦行しろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くぎょうせよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くぎょうしろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyō seyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyō shiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦行される",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くぎょうされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyō sareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦行させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦行さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くぎょうさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くぎょうさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyō saseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyō sasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦行できる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くぎょうできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyō dekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦行しよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くぎょうしよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyō shiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦行しない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くぎょうしない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyō shinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦行せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くぎょうせず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyō sezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦行します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くぎょうします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyō shimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦行した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くぎょうした",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyō shita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦行して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くぎょうして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyō shite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦行すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くぎょうすれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyō sureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "くぎょう",
        "hhira": "くぎやう"
      },
      "expansion": "苦(く)行(ぎょう)する • (kugyō suru) ^(←くぎやう (kugyau)?)suru (stem 苦(く)行(ぎょう)し (kugyō shi), past 苦(く)行(ぎょう)した (kugyō shita))",
      "name": "ja-verb-suru"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "24 18 6 17 15 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 18 7 17 15 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 38 23 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 37 24 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 35 27 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 31 23 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 35 27 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 33 24 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to do strenuous work"
      ],
      "id": "en-苦行-ja-verb-rklXZ3XM",
      "links": [
        [
          "strenuous",
          "strenuous"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Buddhism",
          "orig": "ja:Buddhism",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 18 6 17 15 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 2 entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "24 18 7 17 15 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 38 23 34",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 37 24 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 35 27 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 31 23 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 35 27 32",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "8 33 24 36",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to follow ascetic practices"
      ],
      "id": "en-苦行-ja-verb-~LCav-1S",
      "links": [
        [
          "Buddhism",
          "Buddhism"
        ],
        [
          "follow",
          "follow"
        ],
        [
          "ascetic",
          "ascetic"
        ],
        [
          "practice",
          "practice"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Buddhism) to follow ascetic practices"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "Buddhism",
        "lifestyle",
        "religion"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "くぎょー"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kɯ̟ɡʲo̞ː]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "苦行"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese suru verbs",
    "Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese verbs",
    "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "苦行",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "苦",
          "く"
        ],
        [
          "行",
          "ぎょう"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyō",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyau",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くぎやう",
      "roman": "kugyau",
      "tags": [
        "hiragana",
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "くぎょう",
        "hhira": "くぎやう"
      },
      "expansion": "苦(く)行(ぎょう) • (kugyō) ^(←くぎやう (kugyau)?)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "strenuous work"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "strenuous",
          "strenuous"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "ja:Buddhism"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "practicing asceticism"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Buddhism",
          "Buddhism"
        ],
        [
          "practic",
          "practice"
        ],
        [
          "asceticism",
          "asceticism"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Buddhism) practicing asceticism"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "Buddhism",
        "lifestyle",
        "religion"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "くぎょー"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kɯ̟ɡʲo̞ː]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "苦行"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese suru verbs",
    "Japanese terms spelled with second grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with 2 kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese verbs",
    "Japanese verbs without transitivity",
    "Pages with 2 entries",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "苦行する",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "苦",
          "く"
        ],
        [
          "行",
          "ぎょう"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyō suru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyau",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦行し",
      "roman": "kugyō shi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "苦",
          "く"
        ],
        [
          "行",
          "ぎょう"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦行した",
      "roman": "kugyō shita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "苦",
          "く"
        ],
        [
          "行",
          "ぎょう"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦行し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くぎょうし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyō shi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦行する",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くぎょうする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyō suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦行すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くぎょうすれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyō sure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦行せよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦行しろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くぎょうせよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くぎょうしろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyō seyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyō shiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦行される",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くぎょうされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyō sareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦行させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦行さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くぎょうさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くぎょうさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyō saseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyō sasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦行できる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くぎょうできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyō dekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦行しよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くぎょうしよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyō shiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦行しない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くぎょうしない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyō shinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦行せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くぎょうせず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyō sezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦行します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くぎょうします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyō shimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦行した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くぎょうした",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyō shita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦行して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くぎょうして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyō shite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "苦行すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "くぎょうすれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kugyō sureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "くぎょう",
        "hhira": "くぎやう"
      },
      "expansion": "苦(く)行(ぎょう)する • (kugyō suru) ^(←くぎやう (kugyau)?)suru (stem 苦(く)行(ぎょう)し (kugyō shi), past 苦(く)行(ぎょう)した (kugyō shita))",
      "name": "ja-verb-suru"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to do strenuous work"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "strenuous",
          "strenuous"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "ja:Buddhism"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to follow ascetic practices"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "Buddhism",
          "Buddhism"
        ],
        [
          "follow",
          "follow"
        ],
        [
          "ascetic",
          "ascetic"
        ],
        [
          "practice",
          "practice"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(Buddhism) to follow ascetic practices"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "Buddhism",
        "lifestyle",
        "religion"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "くぎょー"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[kɯ̟ɡʲo̞ː]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "苦行"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 苦行 meaning in Japanese (7.4kB)

{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "苦行"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "苦行",
  "trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "苦行"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "苦行",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "苦行"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "苦行",
  "trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
  "path": [
    "苦行"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "苦行",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
  "path": [
    "苦行"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "苦行",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
  "path": [
    "苦行"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "苦行",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
  "path": [
    "苦行"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "苦行",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
  "path": [
    "苦行"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "苦行",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
  "path": [
    "苦行"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "苦行",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (e937b02 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.