"硬化" meaning in Japanese

See 硬化 in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: [ko̞ːka̠] Forms: 硬化 [canonical] (ruby: (こう), ()), kōka [romanization], kaukwa [romanization], かうくわ [hiragana, historical]
Head templates: {{ja-noun|こうか|hhira=かうくわ}} 硬(こう)化(か) • (kōka) ^(←かうくわ (kaukwa)?)
  1. hardening
    Sense id: en-硬化-ja-noun-HeLeMfQV
  2. (medicine) sclerosis Categories (topical): Medicine
    Sense id: en-硬化-ja-noun-oBuEnYzf Categories (other): Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 5 28 13 21 9 24 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 4 25 22 23 4 22 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 4 25 22 23 4 22 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 3 26 21 23 4 23 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 4 25 22 23 4 21 Topics: medicine, sciences

Verb

IPA: [ko̞ːka̠]
Forms: 硬化する [canonical] (ruby: (こう), ()), kōka suru [romanization], kaukwa [romanization], 硬化し [stem] (ruby: (こう), ()), 硬化した [past] (ruby: (こう), ()), no-table-tags [table-tags], 硬化し [error-unrecognized-form], こうかし [error-unrecognized-form], kōka shi [error-unrecognized-form], 硬化する [error-unrecognized-form], こうかする [error-unrecognized-form], kōka suru [error-unrecognized-form], 硬化すれ [error-unrecognized-form], こうかすれ [error-unrecognized-form], kōka sure [error-unrecognized-form], 硬化せよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], 硬化しろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], こうかせよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], こうかしろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], kōka seyo [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], kōka shiro [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], 硬化される [passive], こうかされる [passive], kōka sareru [passive], 硬化させる [causative], 硬化さす [causative], こうかさせる [causative], こうかさす [causative], kōka saseru [causative], kōka sasu [causative], 硬化できる [potential], こうかできる [potential], kōka dekiru [potential], 硬化しよう [volitional], こうかしよう [volitional], kōka shiyō [volitional], 硬化しない [negative], こうかしない [negative], kōka shinai [negative], 硬化せず [continuative, negative], こうかせず [continuative, negative], kōka sezu [continuative, negative], 硬化します [formal], こうかします [formal], kōka shimasu [formal], 硬化した [perfective], こうかした [perfective], kōka shita [perfective], 硬化して [conjunctive], こうかして [conjunctive], kōka shite [conjunctive], 硬化すれば [conditional, hypothetical], こうかすれば [conditional, hypothetical], kōka sureba [conditional, hypothetical]
  1. to harden
    Sense id: en-硬化-ja-verb-oXF3k1rh Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 5 28 13 21 9 24 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 4 25 22 23 4 22 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 4 25 22 23 4 22 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 3 26 21 23 4 23 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 4 25 22 23 4 21
  2. to freeze
    Sense id: en-硬化-ja-verb-fe4etWAW Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 5 28 13 21 9 24 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 4 25 22 23 4 22 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 4 25 22 23 4 22 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 3 26 21 23 4 23 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 4 25 22 23 4 21
  3. to cure, become hard
    Sense id: en-硬化-ja-verb-6ptlx6ui
  4. (medicine) to sclerose Categories (topical): Medicine
    Sense id: en-硬化-ja-verb-4zZlTkrZ Categories (other): Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 5 28 13 21 9 24 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 4 25 22 23 4 22 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 4 25 22 23 4 22 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations: 3 26 21 23 4 23 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 4 25 22 23 4 21 Topics: medicine, sciences

Download JSON data for 硬化 meaning in Japanese (10.8kB)

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "nanka",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "軟化",
          "なんか"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "軟化"
    }
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "硬化",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "硬",
          "こう"
        ],
        [
          "化",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōka",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaukwa",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かうくわ",
      "roman": "kaukwa",
      "tags": [
        "hiragana",
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "こうか",
        "hhira": "かうくわ"
      },
      "expansion": "硬(こう)化(か) • (kōka) ^(←かうくわ (kaukwa)?)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hardening"
      ],
      "id": "en-硬化-ja-noun-HeLeMfQV",
      "links": [
        [
          "hardening",
          "hardening"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Medicine",
          "orig": "ja:Medicine",
          "parents": [
            "Biology",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 28 13 21 9 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 25 22 23 4 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 25 22 23 4 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 26 21 23 4 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 25 22 23 4 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sclerosis"
      ],
      "id": "en-硬化-ja-noun-oBuEnYzf",
      "links": [
        [
          "medicine",
          "medicine"
        ],
        [
          "sclerosis",
          "sclerosis"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(medicine) sclerosis"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "こーか"
    },
    {
      "other": "こーか"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞ːka̠]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "硬化"
}

{
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "硬化する",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "硬",
          "こう"
        ],
        [
          "化",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōka suru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaukwa",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "硬化し",
      "roman": "kōka shi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "硬",
          "こう"
        ],
        [
          "化",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "硬化した",
      "roman": "kōka shita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "硬",
          "こう"
        ],
        [
          "化",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "硬化し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こうかし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōka shi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "硬化する",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こうかする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōka suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "硬化すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こうかすれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōka sure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "硬化せよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "硬化しろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こうかせよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こうかしろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōka seyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōka shiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "硬化される",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こうかされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōka sareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "硬化させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "硬化さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こうかさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こうかさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōka saseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōka sasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "硬化できる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こうかできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōka dekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "硬化しよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こうかしよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōka shiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "硬化しない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こうかしない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōka shinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "硬化せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こうかせず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōka sezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "硬化します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こうかします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōka shimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "硬化した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こうかした",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōka shita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "硬化して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こうかして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōka shite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "硬化すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こうかすれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōka sureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 28 13 21 9 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 25 22 23 4 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 25 22 23 4 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 26 21 23 4 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 25 22 23 4 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to harden"
      ],
      "id": "en-硬化-ja-verb-oXF3k1rh",
      "links": [
        [
          "harden",
          "harden"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "5 28 13 21 9 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 25 22 23 4 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 25 22 23 4 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 26 21 23 4 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 25 22 23 4 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to freeze"
      ],
      "id": "en-硬化-ja-verb-fe4etWAW",
      "links": [
        [
          "freeze",
          "freeze"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to cure, become hard"
      ],
      "id": "en-硬化-ja-verb-6ptlx6ui",
      "links": [
        [
          "cure",
          "cure"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "topical",
          "langcode": "ja",
          "name": "Medicine",
          "orig": "ja:Medicine",
          "parents": [
            "Biology",
            "Sciences",
            "All topics",
            "Fundamental"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "5 28 13 21 9 24",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 25 22 23 4 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 25 22 23 4 22",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 26 21 23 4 23",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "4 25 22 23 4 21",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to sclerose"
      ],
      "id": "en-硬化-ja-verb-4zZlTkrZ",
      "links": [
        [
          "medicine",
          "medicine"
        ],
        [
          "sclerose",
          "sclerose"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(medicine) to sclerose"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "こーか"
    },
    {
      "other": "こーか"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞ːka̠]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "硬化"
}
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "nanka",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "軟化",
          "なんか"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "軟化"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese intransitive verbs",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese suru verbs",
    "Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
    "Japanese verbs"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "硬化",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "硬",
          "こう"
        ],
        [
          "化",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōka",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaukwa",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "かうくわ",
      "roman": "kaukwa",
      "tags": [
        "hiragana",
        "historical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "こうか",
        "hhira": "かうくわ"
      },
      "expansion": "硬(こう)化(か) • (kōka) ^(←かうくわ (kaukwa)?)",
      "name": "ja-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "hardening"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "hardening",
          "hardening"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
        "ja:Medicine"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sclerosis"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "medicine",
          "medicine"
        ],
        [
          "sclerosis",
          "sclerosis"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(medicine) sclerosis"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "こーか"
    },
    {
      "other": "こーか"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞ːka̠]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "硬化"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese intransitive verbs",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese nouns",
    "Japanese suru verbs",
    "Japanese terms spelled with secondary school kanji",
    "Japanese terms spelled with third grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms written with two Han script characters",
    "Japanese verbs"
  ],
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "硬化する",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "硬",
          "こう"
        ],
        [
          "化",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōka suru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kaukwa",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "硬化し",
      "roman": "kōka shi",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "硬",
          "こう"
        ],
        [
          "化",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "硬化した",
      "roman": "kōka shita",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "硬",
          "こう"
        ],
        [
          "化",
          "か"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "硬化し",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こうかし",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōka shi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "硬化する",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こうかする",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōka suru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "硬化すれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こうかすれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōka sure",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "硬化せよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "硬化しろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こうかせよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こうかしろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōka seyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōka shiro",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "硬化される",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こうかされる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōka sareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "硬化させる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "硬化さす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こうかさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こうかさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōka saseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōka sasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "硬化できる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こうかできる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōka dekiru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "硬化しよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こうかしよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōka shiyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "硬化しない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こうかしない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōka shinai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "硬化せず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こうかせず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōka sezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "硬化します",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こうかします",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōka shimasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "硬化した",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こうかした",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōka shita",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "硬化して",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こうかして",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōka shite",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "硬化すれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "こうかすれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kōka sureba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to harden"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "harden",
          "harden"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to freeze"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "freeze",
          "freeze"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to cure, become hard"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "cure",
          "cure"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
        "ja:Medicine"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to sclerose"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "medicine",
          "medicine"
        ],
        [
          "sclerose",
          "sclerose"
        ]
      ],
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(medicine) to sclerose"
      ],
      "topics": [
        "medicine",
        "sciences"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "こーか"
    },
    {
      "other": "こーか"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[ko̞ːka̠]"
    }
  ],
  "word": "硬化"
}
{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "硬化"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "硬化",
  "trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "硬化"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "noun",
  "title": "硬化",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "硬化"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "硬化",
  "trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
  "path": [
    "硬化"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "硬化",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
  "path": [
    "硬化"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "硬化",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
  "path": [
    "硬化"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "硬化",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
  "path": [
    "硬化"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "硬化",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
  "path": [
    "硬化"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "硬化",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
  "path": [
    "硬化"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "硬化",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (46b31b8 and c7ea76d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.