"治める" meaning in Japanese

See 治める in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: [o̞sa̠me̞ɾɯ̟]
Etymology: From Old Japanese 治む (wosamu). Attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE, and the Man'yōshū of circa 759 CE. Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *wosamu (“to control”). Cognate with 収(おさ)める (osameru). Development Natural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru. For the Old / Classical form, see the 治む entry. Likely derived ultimately from 長 (osa, “boss, chief, controller, ruler”). Etymology templates: {{inh|ja|ojp|治む|sort=おさめる|tr=wosamu}} Old Japanese 治む (wosamu), {{C.E.|nodots=1}} CE, {{CE}} CE, {{C.E.|nodots=1}} CE, {{CE}} CE, {{circa2|759 <small class='ce-date'>CE</small>}} circa 759 CE, {{inh|ja|jpx-pro|*wosamu|sort=おさめる|t=to control}} Proto-Japonic *wosamu (“to control”), {{ja-r|収める|おさめる}} 収(おさ)める (osameru) Head templates: {{ja-verb|おさめる|hhira=をさめる|tr=trans|type=2}} 治(おさ)める • (osameru) ^(←をさめる (wosameru)?)transitive ichidan (stem 治(おさ)め (osame), past 治(おさ)めた (osameta)) Forms: 治める [canonical] (ruby: (おさ)), osameru [romanization], wosameru [romanization], 治め [stem] (ruby: (おさ)), 治めた [past] (ruby: (おさ)), no-table-tags [table-tags], 治め [error-unrecognized-form], おさめ [error-unrecognized-form], osame [error-unrecognized-form], 治める [error-unrecognized-form], おさめる [error-unrecognized-form], osameru [error-unrecognized-form], 治めれ [error-unrecognized-form], おさめれ [error-unrecognized-form], osamere [error-unrecognized-form], 治めよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], 治めろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], おさめよ [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], おさめろ [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], osameyo [error-unrecognized-form, imperative, literary], osamero [colloquial, error-unrecognized-form, imperative], 治められる [passive], おさめられる [passive], osamerareru [passive], 治めさせる [causative], 治めさす [causative], おさめさせる [causative], おさめさす [causative], osamesaseru [causative], osamesasu [causative], 治められる [potential], 治めれる [colloquial, potential], おさめられる [potential], おさめれる [colloquial, potential], osamerareru [potential], osamereru [colloquial, potential], 治めよう [volitional], おさめよう [volitional], osameyō [volitional], 治めない [negative], 治めぬ [negative], 治めん [negative], おさめない [negative], おさめぬ [negative], おさめん [negative], osamenai [negative], osamenu [negative], osamen [negative], 治めず [continuative, negative], おさめず [continuative, negative], osamezu [continuative, negative], 治めます [formal], おさめます [formal], osamemasu [formal], 治めた [perfective], おさめた [perfective], osameta [perfective], 治めて [conjunctive], おさめて [conjunctive], osamete [conjunctive], 治めれば [conditional, hypothetical], おさめれば [conditional, hypothetical], osamereba [conditional, hypothetical]
  1. dominate, rule, govern Synonyms (dominate): 統べる (suberu), 支配 (shihai), 統治 (tōchi)
    Sense id: en-治める-ja-verb-WjEWJTr8 Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese terms with 1 kanji, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 42 11 47 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with 1 kanji: 39 29 33 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 33 25 41 Disambiguation of 'dominate': 81 3 15
  2. tranquilize, pacify
    Sense id: en-治める-ja-verb-5FuG413B Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese terms with 1 kanji, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 42 11 47 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with 1 kanji: 39 29 33 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 33 25 41
  3. suppress
    Sense id: en-治める-ja-verb-3SY4q9bN Categories (other): Japanese entries with incorrect language header, Japanese links with manual fragments, Japanese links with redundant alt parameters, Japanese links with redundant wikilinks, Japanese terms with 1 kanji, Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys, Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys, Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries Disambiguation of Japanese entries with incorrect language header: 42 11 47 Disambiguation of Japanese links with manual fragments: 30 26 44 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant alt parameters: 33 26 41 Disambiguation of Japanese links with redundant wikilinks: 33 26 41 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with 1 kanji: 39 29 33 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys: 33 25 41 Disambiguation of Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys: 33 26 41 Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 35 22 43 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 25 21 54
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: 鎮める (shizumeru) (ruby: (しず))

Alternative forms

{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "english": "obey",
      "roman": "shitagau",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "従",
          "したが"
        ]
      ],
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “dominate”",
      "word": "従う"
    },
    {
      "english": "disturb",
      "roman": "midasu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "乱",
          "みだ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "乱す"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "治む",
        "sort": "おさめる",
        "tr": "wosamu"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese 治む (wosamu)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "nodots": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "C.E."
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "CE"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "nodots": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "C.E."
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "CE"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "759 <small class='ce-date'>CE</small>"
      },
      "expansion": "circa 759 CE",
      "name": "circa2"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "jpx-pro",
        "3": "*wosamu",
        "sort": "おさめる",
        "t": "to control"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Japonic *wosamu (“to control”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "収める",
        "2": "おさめる"
      },
      "expansion": "収(おさ)める (osameru)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Japanese 治む (wosamu). Attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE, and the Man'yōshū of circa 759 CE. Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *wosamu (“to control”). Cognate with 収(おさ)める (osameru).\nDevelopment\nNatural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru. For the Old / Classical form, see the 治む entry.\nLikely derived ultimately from 長 (osa, “boss, chief, controller, ruler”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "治める",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "治",
          "おさ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osameru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wosameru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治め",
      "roman": "osame",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "治",
          "おさ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治めた",
      "roman": "osameta",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "治",
          "おさ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-ichi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治め",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おさめ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osame",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治める",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おさめる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osameru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治めれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おさめれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osamere",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治めよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治めろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おさめよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おさめろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osameyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osamero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治められる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おさめられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osamerareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治めさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治めさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おさめさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おさめさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osamesaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osamesasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治められる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治めれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おさめられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おさめれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osamerareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osamereru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治めよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おさめよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osameyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治めない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治めぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治めん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おさめない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おさめぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おさめん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osamenai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osamenu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osamen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治めず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おさめず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osamezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治めます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おさめます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osamemasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治めた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おさめた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osameta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治めて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おさめて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osamete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治めれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おさめれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osamereba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "おさめる",
        "hhira": "をさめる",
        "tr": "trans",
        "type": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "治(おさ)める • (osameru) ^(←をさめる (wosameru)?)transitive ichidan (stem 治(おさ)め (osame), past 治(おさ)めた (osameta))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "42 11 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "39 29 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 25 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "dominate subordinates",
          "roman": "buka o osameru",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "部下",
              "ぶか"
            ],
            [
              "治",
              "おさ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "部下を治める",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "rule a city",
          "roman": "toshi o osameru",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "都市",
              "とし"
            ],
            [
              "治",
              "おさ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "都市を治める",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "dominate, rule, govern"
      ],
      "id": "en-治める-ja-verb-WjEWJTr8",
      "links": [
        [
          "dominate",
          "dominate"
        ],
        [
          "rule",
          "rule"
        ],
        [
          "govern",
          "govern"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "_dis1": "81 3 15",
          "roman": "suberu",
          "sense": "dominate",
          "word": "統べる"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "81 3 15",
          "roman": "shihai",
          "sense": "dominate",
          "word": "支配"
        },
        {
          "_dis1": "81 3 15",
          "roman": "tōchi",
          "sense": "dominate",
          "word": "統治"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "42 11 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "39 29 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 25 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "tranquilize a river",
          "roman": "kawa o osameru",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "川",
              "かわ"
            ],
            [
              "治",
              "おさ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "川を治める",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "tranquilize, pacify"
      ],
      "id": "en-治める-ja-verb-5FuG413B",
      "links": [
        [
          "tranquilize",
          "tranquilize"
        ],
        [
          "pacify",
          "pacify"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "42 11 47",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "30 26 44",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with manual fragments",
          "parents": [
            "Links with manual fragments",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 26 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant alt parameters",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 26 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
          "parents": [
            "Links with redundant wikilinks",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "39 29 33",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 25 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "33 26 41",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
          "parents": [
            "Terms with redundant sortkeys",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "35 22 43",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "25 21 54",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "suppress"
      ],
      "id": "en-治める-ja-verb-3SY4q9bN",
      "links": [
        [
          "suppress",
          "suppress"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "おさめる"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[o̞sa̠me̞ɾɯ̟]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "roman": "shizumeru",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鎮",
          "しず"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "鎮める"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Man'yōshū",
    "Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
    "Nihon Shoki"
  ],
  "word": "治める"
}
{
  "antonyms": [
    {
      "english": "obey",
      "roman": "shitagau",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "従",
          "したが"
        ]
      ],
      "sense": "antonym(s) of “dominate”",
      "word": "従う"
    },
    {
      "english": "disturb",
      "roman": "midasu",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "乱",
          "みだ"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "乱す"
    }
  ],
  "categories": [
    "Japanese entries with incorrect language header",
    "Japanese ichidan verbs",
    "Japanese lemmas",
    "Japanese links with manual fragments",
    "Japanese links with redundant alt parameters",
    "Japanese links with redundant wikilinks",
    "Japanese shimo ichidan verbs",
    "Japanese terms derived from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms derived from Proto-Japonic",
    "Japanese terms historically spelled with を",
    "Japanese terms inherited from Old Japanese",
    "Japanese terms inherited from Proto-Japonic",
    "Japanese terms spelled with fourth grade kanji",
    "Japanese terms with 1 kanji",
    "Japanese terms with IPA pronunciation",
    "Japanese terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
    "Japanese terms with redundant sortkeys",
    "Japanese transitive verbs",
    "Japanese verbs",
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries"
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "ojp",
        "3": "治む",
        "sort": "おさめる",
        "tr": "wosamu"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Japanese 治む (wosamu)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "nodots": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "C.E."
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "CE"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "nodots": "1"
      },
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "C.E."
    },
    {
      "args": {},
      "expansion": "CE",
      "name": "CE"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "759 <small class='ce-date'>CE</small>"
      },
      "expansion": "circa 759 CE",
      "name": "circa2"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ja",
        "2": "jpx-pro",
        "3": "*wosamu",
        "sort": "おさめる",
        "t": "to control"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Japonic *wosamu (“to control”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "収める",
        "2": "おさめる"
      },
      "expansion": "収(おさ)める (osameru)",
      "name": "ja-r"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Old Japanese 治む (wosamu). Attested in the Nihon Shoki of 720 CE, and the Man'yōshū of circa 759 CE. Ultimately from Proto-Japonic *wosamu (“to control”). Cognate with 収(おさ)める (osameru).\nDevelopment\nNatural progression from Old and Classical Japanese 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”) verbs ending in -u to modern Japanese 下一段活用 (shimo ichidan katsuyō, “lower monograde conjugation”) verbs ending in -eru. For the Old / Classical form, see the 治む entry.\nLikely derived ultimately from 長 (osa, “boss, chief, controller, ruler”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "治める",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "治",
          "おさ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osameru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "wosameru",
      "tags": [
        "romanization"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治め",
      "roman": "osame",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "治",
          "おさ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "stem"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治めた",
      "roman": "osameta",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "治",
          "おさ"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "past"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ja-ichi",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治め",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おさめ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osame",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治める",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おさめる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osameru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治めれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おさめれ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osamere",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治めよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治めろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おさめよ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おさめろ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osameyo",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative",
        "literary"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osamero",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "error-unrecognized-form",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治められる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おさめられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osamerareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治めさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治めさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おさめさせる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おさめさす",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osamesaseru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osamesasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "causative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治められる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治めれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おさめられる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おさめれる",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osamerareru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osamereru",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "colloquial",
        "potential"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治めよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おさめよう",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osameyō",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "volitional"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治めない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治めぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治めん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おさめない",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おさめぬ",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おさめん",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osamenai",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osamenu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osamen",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治めず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おさめず",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osamezu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "continuative",
        "negative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治めます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おさめます",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osamemasu",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "formal"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治めた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おさめた",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osameta",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "perfective"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治めて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おさめて",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osamete",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "治めれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "おさめれば",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "osamereba",
      "source": "conjugation",
      "tags": [
        "conditional",
        "hypothetical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "おさめる",
        "hhira": "をさめる",
        "tr": "trans",
        "type": "2"
      },
      "expansion": "治(おさ)める • (osameru) ^(←をさめる (wosameru)?)transitive ichidan (stem 治(おさ)め (osame), past 治(おさ)めた (osameta))",
      "name": "ja-verb"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Japanese",
  "lang_code": "ja",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "dominate subordinates",
          "roman": "buka o osameru",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "部下",
              "ぶか"
            ],
            [
              "治",
              "おさ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "部下を治める",
          "type": "example"
        },
        {
          "english": "rule a city",
          "roman": "toshi o osameru",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "都市",
              "とし"
            ],
            [
              "治",
              "おさ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "都市を治める",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "dominate, rule, govern"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dominate",
          "dominate"
        ],
        [
          "rule",
          "rule"
        ],
        [
          "govern",
          "govern"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "Japanese terms with usage examples"
      ],
      "examples": [
        {
          "english": "tranquilize a river",
          "roman": "kawa o osameru",
          "ruby": [
            [
              "川",
              "かわ"
            ],
            [
              "治",
              "おさ"
            ]
          ],
          "text": "川を治める",
          "type": "example"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "tranquilize, pacify"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "tranquilize",
          "tranquilize"
        ],
        [
          "pacify",
          "pacify"
        ]
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "suppress"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "suppress",
          "suppress"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "other": "おさめる"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "[o̞sa̠me̞ɾɯ̟]"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "roman": "suberu",
      "sense": "dominate",
      "word": "統べる"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shihai",
      "sense": "dominate",
      "word": "支配"
    },
    {
      "roman": "tōchi",
      "sense": "dominate",
      "word": "統治"
    },
    {
      "roman": "shizumeru",
      "ruby": [
        [
          "鎮",
          "しず"
        ]
      ],
      "word": "鎮める"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Man'yōshū",
    "Nihon Kokugo Daijiten",
    "Nihon Shoki"
  ],
  "word": "治める"
}

Download raw JSONL data for 治める meaning in Japanese (9.1kB)

{
  "called_from": "parser/304",
  "msg": "HTML tag <span> not properly closed",
  "path": [
    "治める"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "治める",
  "trace": "started on line 2, detected on line 2"
}

{
  "called_from": "parser/1336",
  "msg": "no corresponding start tag found for </span>",
  "path": [
    "治める"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "治める",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Mizenkei (\"imperfective\")'",
  "path": [
    "治める"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "治める",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Ren’yōkei (\"continuative\")'",
  "path": [
    "治める"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "治める",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Shūshikei (\"terminal\")'",
  "path": [
    "治める"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "治める",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Rentaikei (\"attributive\")'",
  "path": [
    "治める"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "治める",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Kateikei (\"hypothetical\")'",
  "path": [
    "治める"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "治める",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "inflection/735",
  "msg": "inflection table: unrecognized header: 'Meireikei (\"imperative\")'",
  "path": [
    "治める"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "治める",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "linkages/371",
  "msg": "unrecognized linkage prefix: (tranquilize): 鎮める (shizumeru) desc=tranquilize rest=鎮める (shizumeru) cls=romanization cls2=other e1=True e2=False",
  "path": [
    "治める"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "治める",
  "trace": ""
}

{
  "called_from": "linkages/371",
  "msg": "unrecognized linkage prefix: (antonym(s) of “tranquilize”): 乱す (midasu, “disturb”) desc=antonym(s) of “tranquilize” rest=乱す (midasu, “disturb”) cls=other cls2=other e1=False e2=False",
  "path": [
    "治める"
  ],
  "section": "Japanese",
  "subsection": "verb",
  "title": "治める",
  "trace": ""
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Japanese dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.